Are the Four Talents in Jiangnan Real People or Characters in Novels?

Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan, Wen Zhiming, Xu Zhenqing!

Tang Yin (1470 ~ 1523), alias Bohu, was originally from Suzhou. Famous painters and writers in Ming Dynasty. Painting is as famous as Shen, Shen and Shen, and is called "Ming Sijia" in history. Poetry and prose were given to Wen Zhiming, Zhu Yunming and Xu Zhenqing, and they were called "Four Talents in Jiangnan" (also known as Wumen Four Talents), ranking first among the four talents in Jiangnan.

Zhu Yunming (1460- 1526) was a calligrapher in the Ming Dynasty, whose name was Xizhe and whose name was Shan Zhi. Because his right hand had an extra finger, he gave birth to his own finger. Changzhou (Suzhou), Jiangsu, was born into a Kuiru family of seven generations of officials. Together with Tang Bohu, Wen Zhiming and Xu Zhenqing, they are also called "Four Talents in Jiangnan" (also known as the Four Talents of Wumen).

(1470 ~ 1559), whose first name is wall, the word Ming, and the later word Zhong, Zhiyun, is a layman in Hengshan, posthumous title. Changzhou (now Suzhou) people. One of the founders of Wu Pai. Together with Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan and Xu Zhenqing, they are also called "Four Talents in Jiangnan" (also known as the Four Talents of Wumen). It is also called "Ming Sijia" with Shen Zhou, Tang Bohu and Chou Ying. At the age of 54, at the age of 54, Gong Sheng tried to be an official. He was awarded a letter to imperial academy, so he called it a letter to be served.

Xu Zhenqing (1479-151year) is called Long Valley and Guo Chang. A native of Meili Town, Changshu, he moved to Wuxian (now Suzhou). Ming dynasty writers. Together with Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan and Wen Zhiming, they are also called "Four Talents in Jiangnan" (also known as the Four Talents of Wumen). It is praised by people because of the quatrain that "every family in Jiangzuo is rich in jade and Yangzhou is full of flowers and trees".

Zhu Zhishan, Wen Zhiming, Tang Bohu and zhou wenbin were the "Four Great Talents" in Ming Dynasty or "Four Great Talents in Jiangnan". On the other hand, Tang Bohu, Wen Zhiming, Zhu Yunming and Xu Zhenqing are also called "Four Masters of Jiangnan" (also known as the Four Masters of Wumen). They are quick-thinking, brilliant, proficient in poetry and songs, and proficient in everything.

In fact, the four gifted scholars in Jiangnan are the evolution of the four gifted scholars in Wuzhong, which refer to Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan, Wen Zhiming and Xu Zhenqing. The TV series "Four Talented Talents in Golden Flower" tells that Suzhou is the four gifted talents, as well as Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan, Wen Zhiming and zhou wenbin. Tang, Zhu, Wen, and Zhou Qian are true in history. The story of zhou wenbin and even "The Tiger King robbed his relatives" was later invented by scholars. The "Four Scholars of Wu Zhong" in history refers to Tang, Zhu, Wen and Xu, that is, writers of the Ming Dynasty, who are tied with others as "the first seven scholars". Their poetic style is clear, but they are not familiar with calligraphy and painting, and their personalities are different from those of the other three. Probably for this reason, later the literati invented a beautiful zhou wenbin to make up the numbers. Zhou wenbin replaced Xu Zhenqing because Xu Zhenqing was ugly, so he was not noticed by the world at first. Beautiful zhou wenbin replaced Xu Zhenqing. It can be seen that folklore is not as reliable as legend. Unfortunately, today we rely on these legends and even rumors to know and discover the ancients and appreciate art most of the time.

Tang Bohu in history

Among the old scholars, Tang Bohu has a high reputation, and his anecdotes are still circulated among the people and are relished by people. When it comes to Tang Bohu, people say that he is a romantic genius, especially his love affair with "San Xiao" and "Tong Bohu lights up autumn fragrance", which has become a well-known folk story. In the old society, The Biography of Four Heroes was popular among the people, and the ballad "San Xiao's Marriage" was circulated in teahouses and restaurants all over the country. It is through the spread of these folk arts that the romantic and absurd image of Tang Bohu is formed.

In fact, Tang Bohu in history is not like this at all. The real Tang Bohu, whose private life is serious, doesn't have so many concubines, but pursues monogamy.

Tang Bohu's life was rough and poor, and he didn't live in luxury as described in unofficial history. He was born in Nagato, Suzhou during Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty, which was a place with prosperous business. My father, Tang Guangde, is a businessman who runs a small wine and food store in Gao Qiao, Nagato. This is what Cao Xueqin wrote in A Dream of Red Mansions: "The last place for wealth and romance in the world of mortals". Tang Bohu grew up in such a "world of mortals and riches", which influenced his later art of poetry and painting and endowed him with a unique creative environment for poetry and painting.

Like all scholars, Tang Bohu was keen on becoming famous in his early years. He is familiar with the four books and five classics and is brilliant. When a teenager debuted, he won the first case in high school and was praised as "the first in science". Tang Bohu has become the center of discussion and admiration among scholars in this city. Then he went to Nanjing after having obtained the provincial examination, and got the first place in the high school exam, which was the highest peak of his fame in his life. However, misfortune after misfortune. One thing is that he will try an unjust case and go to prison for cheating in the examination room. The second time we met, we went to Ningwangfu at Zhu's post station in Nanchang. He had hoped to make a comeback in his official career and get the opportunity to make contributions and display his talents, but instead of being reused, he was almost implicated in the rebellion. Fortunately, he cheated Ning by pretending to be crazy and escaped the catastrophe.

After these two blows, Tang Bohu lost all hope in his career. But after all, he is brilliant, ambitious and unwilling to waste his life, so his heart is heavy and painful.

Tang Bohu did have some bohemian behaviors in history, such as drinking, soliciting prostitutes, disdain and cynicism. His self-abandonment actually reflected his dissatisfaction with the society at that time. Just as Xu Wenchang's introduction was misinterpreted as "crazy life", it was the imperial examination system in feudal society that stifled talents and was an abnormal reaction in personality.

In fact, in The Scholars, there are more such examples than Tang Bohu and Xu Wenchang, but Tang Bohu is the place where these figures are concentrated and typically possessed. These materials are only used in popular novels, and are rendered and widely circulated among the people. There are inevitably many vulgar things that cater to folk tastes here.

For hundreds of years, Tang Bohu has been appearing as such a cynical image, which greatly distorts the real image of Tang Bohu.

Although Tang Bohu was a gifted painter with outstanding talents, ideals and ambitions in history, his cynical and arrogant personality was not suitable for this society. He had a rough life and died at the age of 55.

Tang Bohu's tragedy, in fact, is the tragedy of those literati in feudal society who are ambitious and unwilling to degenerate.

Tang Bohu, a real historical figure.

Tang Yin (1470 ~ 1523), alias Bohu, was originally from Suzhou. Famous painters and writers in Ming Dynasty. Painting is as famous as Shen, Shen and Shen, and is called "Ming Sijia" in history. Poetry and prose were given to Wen Zhiming, Zhu Yunming and Xu Zhenqing, and they were called "Four Talents in Jiangnan" (also known as Wumen Four Talents), ranking first among the four talents in Jiangnan.

Tang Yin's great-grandfather has been doing business in Suzhou for generations, and his parents have opened a restaurant in Gao Qiao. Tang Yin was gifted since childhood, and he was familiar with four books and five classics, and exhibited historical books such as Historical Records and Selected Works of Zhaoming. Chen Zhou, a famous painter who loves painting and is good at it, studied under Shen Zhou. /kloc-at the age of 0/6, he took the boys' exam and passed the county exam, the government exam and the academy exam, ranking first in high school. In the 11th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1498), he went to Beijing and obtained the first place in Xieyuan. The following year, Tang Yin went to Beijing to audition and was demoted as a Zhejiang official on suspicion of taking bribes in Cheng. Tang Yin was ashamed of being an official. After returning to China, he indulged in drinking and was arrogant and unruly.

At the age of 365,438+0, Tang Yin began to "walk the Wan Li Road", covering Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Fujian and Jiangxi provinces. Being poor, I make a living by selling paintings. Tang Yin is good at painting landscapes and meticulous figures, especially ladies, with elegant and clever brushwork. "Tang painting" was inherited by later painters. Works handed down from ancient times include Riding a Donkey, Autumn Wind and Sailing, Li, Marriage of a lifetime, Song of Mountain Road and so on. Poetry includes the complete works of six rulers.

In the fourth year of Zheng De in Ming Dynasty (1509), Tang Yin built a room in Taohuawu, including Xuepu Hall, Mengmo Pavilion, Zhuxi Pavilion, Mosquito Butterfly Zhai, etc. (Also known as Tangjiayuan, now located in Taohuawu Street). He lived mainly in Taohuawu for the rest of his life, and his major works of art were also produced here.

In his later years, Tang Yin's spirit was empty, and he "converted to Buddhism, named Liu Ru". His thoughts tended to get rid of depression and he renamed his house buddhist nun. In the second year of Ming Jiajing (1523), Tang Yin died at the age of 54. Tang Yin's Tomb, located in huqiu district, was renovated and opened to the public on October 22nd, 1986.

Ladies' painting reached its peak because of its natural and elegant, wild and uninhibited features, and the seal of "the first romantic talent in the south of the Yangtze River", so it was misunderstood by later generations, leaving many romantic legends, such as "Tang Bohu Chou Xiang San Fen" and so on. In fact, his life was bumpy, poor and miserable. It can be described as a typical example of China's ancient intellectuals' unsatisfied ability to serve the country.

The fun-filled Zhushan Mountain.

Zhu Yunming (1460- 1526) was a calligrapher in the Ming Dynasty, whose name was Xizhe and whose name was Shan Zhi. Because his right hand had an extra finger, he gave birth to his own finger. Changzhou (Suzhou), Jiangsu, was born into a Kuiru family of seven generations of officials. Together with Tang Bohu, Wen Zhiming and Xu Zhenqing, they are also called "Four Talents in Jiangnan" (also known as the Four Talents of Wumen).

He has been gifted and studious since childhood. At the age of five, he can write Chinese characters one foot square, and at the age of nine, he is called a "prodigy". /kloc-at the age of 0/0, he is well-read, with magnificent articles and extraordinary intelligence. At the age of 7, he was a scholar, and at the age of 32, he was a juror. He used to be an official in Xingning County and Yingtianfu. Because of his wandering nature and dissatisfaction with official corruption, he resigned and returned to the Soviet Union under the pretext of making friends, inviting guests to drink heavily and cooking wine to relieve his worries, so as to vent his anger.

Zhu Zhishan is one of the "three great calligraphers in the middle of Ming Dynasty". His calligraphy absorbed the calligraphy of Yu Shinan in Tang Dynasty and Zhao Mengfu in Yuan Dynasty, and promoted the cursive scripts of Wang Xizhi, Wang Xianzhi and Tang Huaisu in Jin Dynasty. It is known as "the first in Ming Dynasty" and "the painting of Tang Bohu, the word of Zhu Zhishan". Zhu Zhishan's Liu Ti Shi Fu Juan, Du Fu Cao Shu, Nineteen Ancient Poems, Tang Cao Shu, Cao Shu and Han Juan are all masterpieces handed down from generation to generation. Although Zhu Yunming has no famous paintings, he can also draw, but he rarely writes, and even fewer works have been handed down from generation to generation.

Zhu Zhishan is funny, unrestrained and talented, and likes to travel around informally. Because Zhu Yunming has countless interesting anecdotes, he is a very ready-made creative material. He often appears in many opera works such as San Xiao, The Tiger King Snatches His Parents with his resourcefulness, eloquence and helpfulness.

In Zhu Zhishan, there are still books handed down from generation to generation, such as the Warring States Policy, News, Nine-inch Letters, Before Shan Zhi, Floating Objects, Records of Old Monsters, Bian Xiao, Huaixingtang Collection and Xingning County Records by Su Cai.

Jiajing died in the fifth year (1526) at the age of 67. After his death, Zhu Zhishan was buried in Zhu's ancestral grave in Hengshan, a suburb of Suzhou, but the grave has been leveled.

Literary characteristics of calligraphy and painting

(1470 ~ 1559), whose first name is wall, the word Ming, and the later word Zhong, Zhiyun, is a layman in Hengshan, posthumous title. Changzhou (now Suzhou) people. One of the founders of Wu Pai. Together with Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan and Xu Zhenqing, they are also called "Four Talents in Jiangnan" (also known as the Four Talents of Wumen). It is also called "Ming Sijia" with Shen Zhou, Tang Bohu and Chou Ying. At the age of 54, at the age of 54, Gong Sheng tried to be an official. He was awarded a letter to imperial academy, so he called it a letter to be served.

Wen Zhiming was born in a scholarly family, and his grandfather and father were both writers. But Wen Zhiming was not clever when he was young. A little longer, he studied literature in Wu Kuan, books in Li Yingzhen and painting in China, and finally "became a late bloomer".

Wen Zhiming is good at landscapes, flowers and people. In his early years, he was meticulous in painting, extensive in middle age and mellow in his later years. Masterpieces handed down from generation to generation include Thousand Rock Competitions, Thousand Rivers Striving for Flows, Lady Xiang Jun, Shihu Caotang, Shihu Poetry and Painting, Hengtang Poetry, Tiger Hill Map, Tian Ping Travel Map, Lingyan Mountain Map, Dongting Xishan Map, Humble Administrator's Garden Map and so on.

Wen Zhiming also used ICBC's cursive script, especially the fine print, and seal, official and grass were omnipotent. The four-character script in the book has become a model for future generations to copy. Together with Zhu Yunming and Wang Chong, they are called the "three outstanding calligraphers" of China in Ming Dynasty. His masterpieces handed down from generation to generation include "A drunkard's sake is not wine", "Preface to the Royal Pavilion" and "Fu on the Red Wall".

Wen Zhiming, who died at 1559, is the oldest of the "Four Talented Men". Its tomb is in Wenling Village, the land tomb of Wuxian County. Now it is a key cultural relics protection unit in Jiangsu Province.

Wen Jiang Yan Yue Yangzhou Hua

-Xu Zhenqing introduced.

Xu Zhenqing (1479-151year) is called Long Valley and Guo Chang. A native of Meili Town, Changshu, he moved to Wuxian (now Suzhou). Ming dynasty writers. Together with Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan and Wen Zhiming, they are also called "Four Talents in Jiangnan" (also known as the Four Talents of Wumen). It is praised by people because of the quatrain that "every family in Jiangzuo is rich in jade and Yangzhou is full of flowers and trees".

Xu Zhenqing was born smart, but not very liberal. 16 years old wrote "Qian Xin Collection", which is famous in Wuzhong. However, he tried many times in his early years. After reading Li Sao, he wrote a collection of sighs. You Jiang Ji, written in the 14th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (150 1 year). In the 16th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1503), he co-edited New Records of Taihu Lake with Wen Zhiming. In the eighteenth year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1505), I heard that Tatar invaded and the officers and men failed in the Anti-Japanese War, so I wrote a long poem "You Yu Tai". In the same year, he was buried, and was awarded the deputy curator of the left temple of Dali Temple. In the fifth year of Ming Dynasty (15 10), he was demoted to Dr. imperial academy.

Xu Zhenqing occupies a special position in the field of poetry, and there are many poems, known as "Xiong Wen". Later, he befriended Li Mengyang and He Jingming, writers of the Ming Dynasty, repented, and advocated retro. Together with He Jingming, Bian Gong, Kang Hai and Wang, they are called "the first seven sons". Qin Yi Lu, written by him, only talks about the Han and Wei Dynasties, but ignores the theory of restoring ancient ways after the Six Dynasties. His poems are elegant in style and gallop between Han and Tang Dynasties. Although deliberately retro, there is still a romantic feeling in Wuzhong.

Xu Zhenqing believed in Taoism in his later years and studied health preservation. Zheng De died in the sixth year of Ming Dynasty (15 1 1) at the age of 33, and his tomb was located at the northern end of Yujiabang, Wandian Bridge at the foot of Huqiu Mountain. Xu Huiqing's other works include The Land, Yi Wen and Lin Yi.