The most contributing reservoir in Suizhou City

The Yellow River, the mother river of the splendid civilization of the Chinese nation, has both a long history and a magnificent natural river. It is a mother river that gave birth to the mother. The word itself contains rich cultural connotations. Therefore, the development of tourist areas? The Yellow River, natural resources and cultural resources, unify their thoughts and achieve the perfect combination of the two as much as possible. Only in this way, our Kaifeng tourist area? The Yellow River displays personality and unique charm.

The Yellow River is the mother river

As early as ancient times, the original ancestors lived in the Chinese territory, struggled and multiplied in the Yellow River Basin. Thousands of miles in the Yellow River Basin, due to the mild climate and superior hydrological conditions, which are conducive to the growth of crops, the ancestors settled here. The initial stages of Chinese civilization in the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties and later in the Western Han, Eastern Han, Sui, Tang, and Northern Song dynasties were several powerful unified core areas along the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, reflecting many of the ancient wisdom of the Chinese nation and its classic cultural works. Signs of the science and technology of ancient civilizations in this area, inventions, city building, literature, and art are also here. Therefore, the Yellow River gave birth to Chinese civilization, and the Yellow River nurtured the sons and daughters of the Chinese nation. It is often said that the birthplace of the Yellow River, the Chinese nation, is the mother river of the Chinese nation and its significance is here.

(1) The legend of the Yellow River:

It is said that a long time ago, the ancient Yellow River was an untamable wild horse. The sound is endless and surging, swallowing up thousands of hectares of fertile land. In the mountains, the Han people only built on both sides of the Yellow River and lived in the wetlands and at the bottom of the ditch.

Time: Ningxia is a flat plain compared to the former, but with overlapping green hills and criss-crossing ravines, no one can comment on the area, which is irrigated by the Yellow River water.

Legend has it that there are several households of Huihui and Han Chinese living on Niushou Mountain. Their old men carry water at the foot of the mountain and farm on the hillside. The old and young were very busy, but there was not enough to eat and they had to wear warm clothes for quite some time. No one could bear this torture.

I came back after I was 70 Calder, opened an orchard, and planted some cucumbers on the mountain. From dawn to dusk every day, he picks cucumbers irrigated by the Yellow River, serving sterile cucumbers carefully with swollen shoulders and peeling feet. The yellow color looks tender and sweet.

On this day, old man Calder was tired and slept at the door of the garden.

He had just fallen asleep, and the clouds floating in the sky of your dream gradually turned into white clouds for the imam with a white beard. When his silver beard trembled, Old Gould said: "It's very windy today." Big, you should pay attention to the yellow wind at noon, the cucumbers are ripe and listless; no matter how strong the wind is, the cucumber stems will drop.

·Gould. The old man woke up and saw that in an instant, the yellow wind mortal covered the white-bearded Imam fleet and blew northward to Niushou Mountain. The old man Stewart was looking forward to the cucumber carefully. He was really listless. He was very sad that a year of hard work and sweat was in vain. He could think of nothing in vain. The bearded imam stopped moving. It was dark and windy in the afternoon, and the ripe mountains were shaking, and the leaves were falling layer by layer. When Old Man Gould saw that the cucumbers were about to fall to the ground, he was angry. She got rid of the wilted little cucumber and threw it vigorously into the Yellow River. The Yellow River was like a fairy tale knife. Sitting on the river bank, blinking, Jinhua panicked, wondering what the silk reeling poisoning was.

At this time, Old Man Stewart heard another man, the white-bearded imam, say, "This cucumber is what conquered the Yellow River." Key, it can be called the dry Yellow River, also known as the Yellow River by listening to people say. The Yellow River made the two Yibilisi, Huang Feng and Heifeng Gao, miserable. You can't be impatient, be patient and work harder. Next year, you plant a garden of cucumbers. When the cucumbers are ripe, you pick the largest one and throw it into the Yellow River. Then you go to the Jiangdi Cave of your choice for jewelry, and you will get grain seeds, swords to slay dragons and monsters, and tame the Yellow River, where you are referring to, where the Yellow River water flows. "

The second year he planted the cucumber garden for the industrious old man Gould. He was not afraid of the sweat of the long way to pick melons from the Yellow River Irrigation District. People who put in the hard work, finally, the garden ended A three-foot-long cucumber looked like an old man happily sleeping in the garden all day and night, waiting for the melon to ripen.

/>This day, the sunny weather was not the point of Calder. The old man picked a three-foot-long cucumber, read "Tasmi" and threw it into the Yellow River.

At this time, only the roar of the Yellow River could be heard, and the bottom of a long cracked stone could be seen clearly. The old man Gould went down to the bottom of the river and relied on the hole in the bank to make a hole in the pearl agate. The old man spent some time away from home and heard a storm howling at 1:00. The river was rolling with waves, one wave higher than the other. Old Man Gould picked up the sword and struck dozens of swords at the black whirlwind and yellow whirlwind. At the same time, the moon was dark and windy, and the wind was out on the yellow horizon.

At this time, the gap between the Yellow River and the Yellow River gradually became more severe. The old man Gould believed that the white-bearded imam ordered that this sword could conquer the Yellow River. He was spacious and bright, I think: I want to call the yellow filled trench, the silt horizontal ridge old man holding two yellow swords The water of the Yellow River under the fierce river does not flow immediately, and if a Great Wall is inserted in front, it just rises steadily, which hurts me so much from a distance.

Three days later, Nannan Mountain and the west of Helan Mountain were all covered with water, leaving only a few peaks. Old Man Gould pulled out the knife, and the river in Wangtang flowed forward.

Since then, the deep ravines in Ningxia's mountains have turned into flat land. Huihan residents on both sides of the Yellow River have relied on their hard-working hands to dig canals and farmland to live a happy life.

(2) The Legend of Emperors Yan, Huang Yao and Shun (Wutong Chen Jie)

How did the Yellow River and her sons and daughters walk from the dawn of civilization to the age limit of civilization? In order to uncover this mystery, in addition to relying on archaeological discovery data, we also used historical records from many ancient myths and legends. The legends of Huang Yao, Yan Emperor, and Huang Emperor Shun can help us prove that the Yellow River and their children have some orbits from the early civilization of the ancient Shu civilization to the era.

Huangdi and Yandi were not emperors, but the leaders of two tribes in ancient records in the Yellow River Basin. Emperor Huang and Emperor Yan were born in the tributaries of the Yellow River, and the Weihe Basin was the era of patrilineal clan communes. Legend has it that they are the "descendants of Xiong Guojun's less code," who were not typical yesterday and married the healthy Huang (Yellow) Yandi Mausoleum. Huangdi Ji Shuicheng, Yandi Jiang Shuicheng, into a completely different Germany, such a yellow emperor is Ji, Yandi is Jiang. Speaking of "health" here, does it mean the birth of Huangdi and Yandi Shaodian, but about their Shaodian "The Yellow Emperor was born from Jishui", it is said that he grew up on the bank of Jishui, so the ancient Qishui with the surname Ji Jishui originated from Turin in the north of Linyou County, Shaanxi Province in the west, at the entrance of Weihe River in Wugong County. The Jiangshui River is a tributary of the lower reaches of the Qingjiang River, which is now the entrance to Baoji, Shaanxi. That is to say, the two tribes of Yan and Huang were originally active in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and the Weihe River.

Huangdi's original surname was Gongsun, and because he grew up in Ji Xuanyuan, he was protected by Xiong Guojun and was also called Xiong. Very well, many people suggested that Chang Min was smart. He was later elected as the tribal leader and led his troops to move to northern Shaanxi to solve agricultural production with the development of the times. In order to find a flat, open, fertile land, In the south along the Beiluo River reached Dali, in the Chaoyi area of ??Shaanxi, where the yellow land gave them convenient conditions for the development of agriculture, but droughts plagued them from time to time, forcing them to continue searching for their ideals, led by the Yellow Emperor. From Dali, Chaoyi crossed the Yellow River eastward and descended from the foot of Zhongtiao Mountain and Taihang Mountain to the Fenhe Valley. They migrated northeast again and reached the Sanggan River and Yanghe River near Zhuolu, Hebei today. The wide alluvial valley is suitable for farming, and there are hunting forests nearby. , they felt that the environment was very superior and settled down.

When Huang Di led his Yandi tribe to move eastward, his people also began to travel long distances. It is said that Yandi, also known as Red Emperor, was born. Li Shan (lie), now Li Zhen, Suizhou, Hubei Province, said that he was born in Shennong Township, Shennong Township, Baoji, Shaanxi Province. In search of ideal land, he also led his tribe to move eastward. But with the Yellow Emperor's route, they first went east along the Weihe River to what is now southwest Henan, and then along the Yellow River area to the eastern Henan area and settled there.

With the collapse of private property rights and the clan system over time, tribal leaders gradually gained certain privileges.

Tribes compete for living space in order to cross hegemony. Some tribal leaders fight repeatedly to satisfy their own desires. Experts and swordsmen of external armor soldiers also launch wars to plunder wealth and enslave other clans and tribes. This war intensifies social divisions. , normal agricultural production brings a great threat, but the customary law of the clan system to regulate social conflicts has lost its effect at this time, and is unable to face more and more blood-related tribal wars, unity and mutual formal alliances, thus forming A wider alliance. At this time, the two main tribes of Huang used force to conquer the four sides and expanded their power, causing a large-scale conflict. The two sides fought in the three theaters of Banquan (now Huailai, Hebei). Under the command of Huangdi Xiong, the clans of Brown Bear, PI, Xiu, and Tiger VI, and the Yandi tribe were killed until the sky was dark. The Yandi tribe was defeated miserably and had to hand over two blood-related tribes. The Yellow Emperor did not massacre the Yandi tribe, but they formed a Huangdi tribe. Alliance and became the leader of the Yanhuang Tribe Alliance. After a long period of development, the Yanhuang Tribe Alliance formed the prototype of the future China.

Later today, the leader who settled in Jiuli, Qufu City, Shandong Province expanded his power. However, it may also lead to a war with the Yandi tribe. Jiuli Jiuyi belongs to the 9 tribes of Dongyi tribe, 81 tribes, animal body language, copper head and iron forehead, fresh gravel points, like a devil. Similarly, it can be seen from the leaders of other tribes of descendants of Yan and Huang who deliberately vilified the rules of wisdom. "Jin Zuobing" made soldiers with sticks, knives, halberds, crossbows, and heroes who shocked the world. He led 9 tribes and tribal alliances to the west. The Yan Emperor's tribe in the east of Henan was unable to resist and retreated, losing its residence. Yan Emperor and Huang Emperor sought help, so he led his troops to fight with the Yellow Emperor and fought a fierce battle with Zhi Zhuolu. It is said that Huang Di was invincible in nine battles. The fog filled the air for three days and three nights, and Huang Di's tribe could not see the direction. The guide found the "minister" of the Feng Dou constellation, and the Yellow Emperor only got trouble out of the fog. With the help of the woman, more than 80 barrels of Donghai animals were used to drum the Piedmont region, and drumsticks were heard beating 500 mammoth bones in the battle. The battle lasted for a long time, and in the end the Yellow Emperor sent a dragon attack at the end of Jizhou. Zhilong water was placed into the water array. Chi You asked the wind to be the main rain master. Sometimes there was strong wind and rain, and the water washed away, putting the Yellow Emperor in trouble again. The Yellow Emperor asked the goddess Hanba to block the wind and rain, and the weather suddenly turned sunny. The burdened man was anxious and Huang Di ordered the army to make a sudden attack. In the past, Zhi won the final victory, and he invited Huang Di, the wind master and rain master. Huang Di surrendered and entered the Dongyi area. He drove a prototype car and six Dragon Graduation Words, (Trillion Firebirds) and Jurisdiction Top Wind White to Thorough Rain Master Sprinkle Road, Tiger Before Ghost Spirit, Soaring Snake to the Ground, Phoenix (Phoenix City), "Qingjiao Music, He Personally Stirs Desolation Cover , the top spirit of the conference, with Mount Tai, played to commemorate the victory of the war. Chi You was later killed as part of the Jiuli tribe and joined the Yanhuang tribal alliance in China, and the southern part was made up of the Southern Miao people.

(3) The power of the victory in the Zhuolu War further expanded the Yanhuang tribal alliance and developed into a larger tribal union, which greatly improved the jurisdiction, military command and production command authority of the Yellow Emperor's worship. Each tribe needs to obey his orders, disobey orders, send troops to conquer mountain roads, work hard to open up isolated tribal areas, promote exchanges between tribes and the legendary Yellow Emperor's "bad idea Ningju" life, died in 118 years in the old He was escorted back to northern Shaanxi during his tour in Jingshan, Henan, and was buried at the top of Qiaoshan, Huangling County, Shaanxi Province, which is the tomb mentioned above.

Later the Yellow Emperor respected the ancestors of China, and later generations attributed many ancient inventions to him and his "minister" Ling Lun Lu Lu said that the Yellow Emperor built houses, dug wells, sewed and wore clothes, and manufactured Boats, chariots and crossbows, bronze training, music rhythm, his wife, Leizu invented silkworm education, his "minister" Cangjie founded the text, the great flexibility for 6 decades, and for the same reason, Emperor Yan was also revered as the Chinese Descendants of his ancestors would also give him some credit for inventions, saying he was the Shennong family. Legend has it that Shen Nong and Emperor Yan were originally two different eras. They were older than Emperor Yan Shennong and lived in the Warring States Period. The two people together were called Emperor Yan's Shennong clan. "Shennong chopped firewood, plowed the ground, and kneaded the wooden plow until he died of exhaustion." Li, "Teaching the World," "Tasting Herbs and Practicing Medicine," "Joseph of the Banjo," teaching people about the cities of Japan and China. These inventions are of course the collective creativity of people in primitive times.

The legendary figures of Emperors Yan and Huang, their inventions are the crystallization of wisdom of the children of the ancient Yellow River, but as a symbol, the ancestor of the Chinese nation and the founder of Chinese civilization, they are infinitely respected by their descendants. Miss. In the Yellow River Basin outside the Yellow River Basin and on the land of China, many legends of the Yan and Huang Emperors have been circulated, leaving many historical relics behind them. In addition to the aforementioned tomb of Emperor Yan in Huangling County, Shaanxi Province and the Temple of Emperor Yan in Baoji City, the spirit house of the famous king is in Qufu, the hometown of the Paradise of Wangwushan Temple in Jiyuan City, and the Yellow Emperor in Xinzheng, Shandong Province, Henan Province, Lingbao Jingshan Yellow Emperor, Zhuolu County Yellow Emperor City, Xuanyuan Spring, Yellow Emperor Temple in Dujiangyan, Sichuan, Xuanhuang Terrace, Lei Xuan Palace, Yanting Ancestral Tomb, Huangshan City, Anhui Huangshan Xuanyuan Peak Xuanyuan Stage, Yueyang, Hunan, Zhejiang Jinyun County Xiandu Dinghu Peak, Gansu Pingliang Wen Palace, Hubei Yichang Xiling Mountain Ancestor Shennong Temple, Shanxi Gaoping City Shennong Suizhou City Shennong He, Huaiyang "Shennong Grain Station", Yanling Emperor Yanling County Hunan Yandi Mausoleum, Zhengzhou Statue etc., these long-standing legends and historical sites have played an immeasurable role in promoting China's national identity, stimulating the national pride of the Chinese people, enhancing the cohesion of enterprises, the Chinese nation and China

After the Yellow Emperor, the Yellow River Basin There have been several prominent tribal leaders of the Commonwealth, including Yao, Shun, and Yu, who were about to collapse in the late Longshan Cultural Era. Yao Ming, also known as the Dowager Legend, was his birthplace. , this Fenhe River Basin, Linfen City, Shanxi, the southern Iraqi village "Yao Mao Ci soil for" monument, Yaomiao Village Yao Miao, Linfen County Yao Ling, the god of the line Kong, his life is very simple, ancient books It is said that he "Mao Ci does not cut the mining rafters, does not chop down, coarse millet, fresh, terrestris soup, winter fur, summer Geyi", that is, he lives with untrimmed thatch reeds, planed rafters Covering the dilapidated houses, the tribesmen ate whole grains, drank vegetable soup, wore deer skins in winter and burlap in summer, but he was a very concerned person, facing danger, hunger and exposure, he said he starved to death Legend has it that the crime was punished, and he said that he usually had no good reason to take responsibility for himself. Shun, also known as Yao Hui (Shanxi and Northeast), was born in the clan and served as the leader of the tribal federation. Before accepting the ceramics in Taohe City (now Puzhou Town, Yongji City, Shanxi Province, agriculture, fishery, Fraser (now north of Ruicheng, Shanxi Province)) in Alexandra (the nickname of Zhongtiao Mountain), Yao Yao later inspected him Shun was in the dangerous land (today's southwest of Pinglu, Shanxi) and served as the federal leader of a tribe. They were all in Puban (this is Puzhou Town). It seems that his activities were in the center of Anyi Town, Yuncheng City, Shanxi today in southwest Shanxi. Emperor Temple, Mausoleum of Emperor Shun. A disciplined but generous man, he has been framed by his stepmother and half-brother on multiple occasions, but his wise wife's ingenious intellect saves him the day before. , but he was elected as the leader, regardless of the previous grudges, his stepmother and his brother were moved by his generosity to his enemies, and he was dedicated to doing good. Yu's ancestors lived in the Hetao area, and Yu moved to this world in western Henan to bring him. The people's flood control, development, and production were highly praised by Yao, Shun, and Yu for their good governance and great social development, which brought about a peaceful and peaceful scene that the Japanese did not have in the world. Therefore, they were later enshrined. Sage figures. The Yellow River originates from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at the northern foot of the Bayan Har Mountains, with an altitude of 4,500 meters about the ancient basin. It flows through Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, Shandong, and flows into Kenli County, Shandong The total length of the thoroughfares in the nine provinces of the Bohai Sea is 5,464 kilometers, with a gap of 2,280 kilometers. The Yellow River Basin is located at 96°? 795,000 kilometers (including 42,000 square kilometers in the inner flow area), plus the downstream flood control area of ??about 915,000 square kilometers.

The topography of the Yellow River Basin is the Bayan Har Mountains in the west, the Bohai Sea in the east, the Yinshan Mountains in the north, and the Qinling Mountains in the south. It is roughly divided into three steps. The first step basin spans the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the west and is located in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. , Inner Mongolia Plateau, Loess Plateau and Northern China Plain, four geomorphological units. The terrain of the basin is high in the west and high in the east. It is the famous roof of the world - the northeastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with an altitude of 3000 to 5000 meters. It is a series of northwest-southeast mountains. The tops of the mountains are covered with snow all year round and glacial landforms develop. The southern part of the Qinghai Plateau rolls along the Bayan Har, Yellow River, and Yangtze River basins.

The Qilian Mountains are located in the source area of ??the Yellow River formed on the northern edge of the plateau? And its tributaries, the Heihe River and the Baihe River Basin, are flat, grassland, and lake borders of the Qinghai Plateau and the Inner Mongolia Plateau. and swamp.

The eastern boundary of the second step is 1,000 to 2,000 meters above sea level. The area is white in the north of the mountain, part of the Inner Mongolia Plateau, about the Taihang Mountains including the Hetao Plain in the Yellow River and the Ordos Plateau, and white in the south of the mountain is the Loess Plateau, Qinling Mountains and Taihang Mountains.

The Hetao Plain in the west of Ningxia is east of the Binjiang River under Tuoketuo, Inner Mongolia, with a length of 900 kilometers, a width of 30 to 50 kilometers, and an altitude of 1,200 to 900 meters. It is flat and has fertile land. With the development of irrigation, Ningxia and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region mainly produce agricultural products. base. The Hetao Plain, the Yinshan Mountains to the north and the Helan Mountains to the west, the wolf is like a barrier, preventing the invasion of the Alxa Plateau, Tengger, Ulanbu and the Yellow River Basin in the Badain Jaran Desert hinterland.

The Ordos Plateau is surrounded by the Yellow River on the south, north, east and west sides of the great bend of the Yellow River. It is the southern boundary of the Great Wall. It covers an area of ??about 130,000 square kilometers and an altitude of 1,000 to 1,400 meters. It is a square-like surface. Dry denudation plateau. The Kubu Qisha Desert on the northern edge of the plateau with developed aeolian landforms, the Mu Us Desert in the south, rare rivers, and the edge of the Great Salt Lake Plateau are the main source areas of coarse sediment

The Loess Plateau in the west, Riyue in the east, the Taihang Mountains in the south, and the Taihang Mountains in the south Connecting the Qinling Mountains and reaching the Ordos Plateau in the north, the altitude is 1,000 to 2,000 meters. The geographical distribution is the largest loess landform in the world. The Loess Plateau has a loose organization of loose loess in the deep layers, with beams, hills, ditches, large surface and rapid changes in relative altitude. , the terrain is fragmented, vegetation is sparse, undulating, and soil erosion is serious in the water and sand source area of ??the middle reaches of the Yellow River, the Fenwei Basin of the Loess Plateau, the graben structural basin, and the loess accumulation river. The Fenwei Basin is a flat, fertile, prosperous region with a long history of irrigation in the provinces of Shanxi, Shaanxi and

running through the Qinling Mountains in the south of the Loess Plateau, the watersheds of the Yellow and Yangtze rivers in north and south China, and the subtropical and the boundary of warm temperate zones. Warm and moist air flows from the south in summer, and cold air flows from the north in winter, acting as a huge obstacle. Represents the boundaries between the Loess Plateau and the Northern China Plain, the Taihang Mountains, the watershed of the Yellow River Basin and the Hai River Basin, and the important natural regions of northern China. In the area around the basin, tall mountains such as the Funiu Mountains, Waishan Mountains and Taihang Mountains in the Yellow River Basin form a barrier for the deep flow of warm and humid air from the southeastern ocean. The climate of western China in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin affects the water vapor rise in the region, which is favorable for heavy rainfall intensity and runoff. Convergence conditions, the surface is the middle reaches, one of the main sources of floods in the Yellow River.

The third type is the steps on the mountain from the Yellow River Road downstream of the eastern coastal alluvial plain of the Taihang Mountains. The alluvial plain of the lower reaches of the Yellow River is an important part of the northern China plain. What is its area? 250,000 square kilometers, an area with an altitude of more than 100 meters below the Yellow River basin in the north, the Haihe River basin, and the Huaihe River basin in the south. The ground in this area has poor gentle slope drainage, flood control, floods, droughts, and alkali disasters. Lu is composed of Mount Tai, Mount Lu, and Mount Yimeng. The general altitude is 200 to 500 meters, and some mountains are over 1,000 meters. Climate West of the inland plateau, there is a significant difference in altitude. The watershed climate change is very obvious. The monsoon is the Tibetan Plateau monsoon climate zone, and the rest is from the temperate climate to the subtropical monsoon climate zone for agricultural production. The southeastern part of the basin basically has a humid climate, subordinate to a semi-arid climate, and the arid climate in the northwest part of the basin is controlled by the Mongolian high pressure in winter, with prevailing northerly winds, cold, dry climate, and very little precipitation. As the basin rises to the western Pacific subtropical high of the Mongolian High, the warm and humid ocean air mass gradually moves northward in summer, cold and warm air masses meet, and precipitation becomes more concentrated.

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The precipitation pattern of the Yellow River Basin shows the proportion of snowfall. The total multi-year average annual rainfall in the entire basin is *** only 6% of the national average annual precipitation is equivalent to precipitation. The depth of 37.01 billion M3 accounts for 465 mm (including the inner flow area). The geographical distribution of annual precipitation generally trends from southeast to northwest.

Precipitation reaches the Qinling Mountains in the north of Region 1. The average annual precipitation is about 800mm, and it can reach 900mm in some areas. The areas with the least precipitation, Ningxia and the Hetao area of ??Inner Mongolia, have only 200 to 300mm of annual precipitation, especially Hangjinhou Banner in Inner Mongolia. In Linhe District, the annual rainfall is less than 150 mm in the watershed. In most areas, the average annual rainfall is 400 to 600 mm. The precipitation is unevenly distributed throughout the year, with the most precipitation in summer (June to August), accounting for 54.1% of the year. The month of July has the largest amount, accounting for 22.1% of the year. Winter (December to February) has the least precipitation. December, the smallest month, accounted for 3.1%, accounting for 0.6% of the year. The coefficient of variation (Cμ value) of annual precipitation ranges from 0.15 to 0.40 for the entire basin.

The temperature in the Yellow River Basin is higher than that in the northwest, and the southeast is low in mountains and plains. The average annual temperature is 1 to 8°C in the upper reaches, 8 to 14°C in the middle reaches, and 12 to 14°C in the lower reaches. The average monthly temperature is the highest. Most areas are at 20-29°C. The extreme maximum temperature in Luoyang City reaches 44.3°C. The lowest temperature is in January. Most areas are below 0°C. The extreme minimum temperature in Maduo, Qinghai is -48.1°C in most poverty-stricken areas. The daily average temperature is 10?15°C

Water resources The average annual natural runoff of the Yellow River is 58 billion cubic meters, accounting for only 2.1% of the total river runoff, ranking first among the seven river basins with an average annual runoff of 77 mm. The runoff depth is only equivalent to 28% of the national average among the country's seven major rivers, 276 mm. It is only slightly higher than the per capita water resources of the Liaohe River Basin of 593 cubic meters, and about 23% of the national per capita water resources. Water per mu of 18 acres of cultivated land is 324 cubic meters, which is equivalent to

The distribution of natural runoff in the Yellow River Basin is extremely uneven. Lanzhou and above account for 29.6% of the country's area, with an annual runoff of 323 billion cubic meters. , accounting for 55.6% of river runoff and the most abundant area. The watershed area between Lanzhou and Hekou Town increased by 163,000 square kilometers, or 12.5%? The entire river, but due to the dry climate in the area, river water evaporation, infiltration leakage losses and large river runoff not only did not increase, but decreased by one billion cubic meters. The drainage area between Hekou Town and Longmen accounts for 14.8% of the 7.25 billion cubic meters of river runoff and 12.5% ??of the total river runoff. The river basin area between Longmen and Sanmenxia accounts for 25.4%, water supply is 11.33 billion cubic meters, accounting for 19.5% of the river. The area from Sanmenxia to Huayuankou accounts for only 5.5% of the area of ??the entire river, but supplies 60.8% of water per billion cubic meters, and 10.5% of the country's total amount of river water. It is another production process. The area of ????Huayuan Road's estuary in multiple districts accounts for The river accounts for 3% of the area and supplies 210 million M3 of water, accounting for 3.6% of the flood surge and small river flow. The natural runoff of the Yellow River in the station's flood season (July to October) accounts for about 60% of the whole year and about 40% of the non-flood season. At the Lanzhou Station upstream of the winter flow, the measured maximum peak flow reached 5,900 cubic meters/s during the flood season in 1946, nearly 17 times the minimum flow of 335 cubic meters/s during the non-flood season. The maximum peak flow measured at Zhongyoushan County Station in 1933 was 22,000 cubic meters/s, and the minimum flow was 240 cubic meters/s, a difference of nearly 91 times.

With the development of the national economy and the construction of a large number of water storage, water diversion and water lifting projects in the Yellow River Basin