What is the focus of civil engineering? What are the learning requirements?

Brief introduction of civil engineering specialty

Business training objectives: This major trains senior engineering and technical personnel who can master the basic theories and knowledge of various civil engineering disciplines and engage in the planning, design, construction, management and research of housing construction, underground construction (including mine construction), road, tunnel, bridge construction, hydropower station, port and offshore structures and facilities, water supply and drainage and foundation treatment.

Business training requirements: students in this major mainly study the basic theories and knowledge of engineering mechanics, geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, municipal engineering, water supply and drainage engineering and water conservancy engineering, receive basic training in engineering drawing, engineering survey, computer application, professional experiment, structural design and construction practice, and have the ability to engage in construction engineering, traffic and civil engineering, water conservancy and hydropower engineering, port engineering, coastal engineering and water supply and drainage: engineering planning, design and construction.

Graduates should have the following knowledge and abilities:

1. Solid foundation in natural science, good foundation in humanities and social sciences, and strong comprehensive foreign language ability;

2. Master the basic theories and knowledge of engineering mechanics, fluid mechanics, geotechnical mechanics, engineering geology and engineering drawing;

3. Master the basic knowledge, principles, methods and skills of building materials, structural calculation, component design, foundation treatment, water supply and drainage engineering and computer application, and initially have the ability to engage in civil structural engineering design and research;

4. Master basic knowledge and skills such as construction machinery, electrotechnics, engineering investigation, construction technology and construction organization, engineering monitoring, engineering budget, engineering bidding, etc., and initially have the ability to engage in engineering construction, management and research;

5 familiar with all kinds of civil engineering construction guidelines, policies and regulations;

6. Understand the theoretical frontier and development trend of the main disciplines of civil engineering;

7. Master the basic methods of literature retrieval and information query, and have certain scientific research and practical work ability.

Main course:

Main subjects: mechanics, civil engineering, hydraulic engineering.

Main courses: engineering mechanics, fluid mechanics, rock mechanics, foundation and foundation, engineering geology, engineering hydrology, engineering drawing, computer application, building materials, concrete structure, steel structure, engineering structure, water supply and drainage engineering, construction technology and management.

The main practical teaching links include engineering drawing, cognitive practice, surveying practice, engineering geology practice, professional practice or production practice, structural course design, graduation design or graduation thesis, etc. , generally arranged in about 40 weeks.

Main professional experiments: material mechanics experiment, building material experiment, structure experiment, geotechnical experiment, etc.

Study time: four years

Degree awarded: Bachelor of Engineering

Similar majors: architectural engineering technology, architecture, urban planning, civil engineering, building environment and equipment engineering, water supply and drainage engineering, civil engineering, roads and bridges and river crossing engineering.

Analysis of social employment direction

With the continuous warming of urban construction and highway construction, the employment situation of civil engineering specialty has been rising continuously in recent years. It is not difficult for most graduates to find jobs. However, the employment prospect of civil engineering specialty is closely related to the national policy and the direction of economic development. In recent years, the industry salary level shows a trend that management is higher than technology, and the shift from technology to management has become an inevitable bottleneck in the career of many civil engineering graduates. How to prepare for the "money" road in the university and find a suitable career development direction?

Wood-soil engineering can be divided into two different directions: road and bridge engineering and construction engineering. In the career, the positions in these two directions have both general unity and specific differences in details. Generally speaking, the main employment directions of civil engineering majors are as follows:

Engineering technology direction

Representative posts: builder, constructor, structural engineer, technical manager, project manager, etc.

Representative industries: construction enterprises, real estate development enterprises, road and bridge construction enterprises, etc.

Employment prospects: Just as we see the high-rise buildings around us constantly rising, the wide and flat roads constantly extending in all directions, the demand for engineering and technical talents in the civil construction industry is also growing. In 2004, enterprises that entered various talent markets to recruit engineering and technical personnel involved 100 industries, among which the demand for talents in housing and civil engineering and construction industries has jumped to the top of talent markets in many cities. With the deepening of economic development, road network transformation and urban infrastructure construction, the demand for civil engineering technicians will continue to rise at present and in the future. Coupled with the upgrading of roads and bridges and urban infrastructure, as long as the talent market is not over-saturated, it can be said that the employment prospects of civil engineering technicians have been very good.

Typical career paths: builder/technician-engineer/foreman, bid leader-technical manager-project manager/chief engineer.

Annual salary reference: builder/technician:1.5,000 ~ 25,000 yuan; Head waiter: 25,000 ~ 40,000 yuan; Technical quality management manager: 45,000 ~ 70,000 yuan; Project manager: 50,000 ~ 6,543.8+10,000 yuan;

Experts suggest that with the continuous improvement of China's qualification certification system, engineers and technicians in the civil engineering industry not only need to be proficient in professional knowledge and technology, but also need to obtain necessary qualification certificates. Relevant professional qualifications of engineering and technical personnel mainly include national first-class and second-class registered architects, national registered civil engineers and national first-class and second-class registered structural engineers. It should be noted that these professional qualifications require a certain number of years of relevant work experience to apply. Therefore, graduates majoring in civil engineering should pay attention to the update of knowledge structure even if they take up their jobs, and apply as soon as possible to obtain relevant professional qualifications. College students who want to engage in engineering and technical work can choose construction site survey, construction materials, geotechnical engineering, subgrade, pavement, and construction and survey of small bridges and culverts in road and bridge sections during their internship.

Design, planning and budget direction

Representative positions: project designer, structural audit, urban planner, budget officer, budget engineer, etc.

Representative industries: engineering survey and design units, real estate development enterprises, functional departments of transportation or municipal engineering organs, engineering cost consulting institutions, etc.

Employment prospects: In recent years, the demand for engineering designers from various survey and design institutes has been increasing. As a new profession, urban planning needs more modern design and planning talents with the deepening of urban construction. With the rise of consulting industry, consulting service personnel in construction industry such as engineering budget and final accounts have also become new employment growth points in civil engineering industry.

Typical career path: budgeter-budget engineer-senior consultant.

Annual salary reference: budget officer:1.5,000 ~ 30,000 yuan; Budget engineer: 25,000 ~ 60,000 yuan; Urban planner: 40,000 ~ 70,000 yuan

Architect: 40,000 ~ 65,438+10,000 yuan; Chief architect: more than 250,000 yuan.

Expert advice: This kind of position requires not only professional knowledge, but also sufficient overall situation and work experience. Generally speaking, his salary is in direct proportion to his work experience. Taking architects as an example, modern architecture also requires environmental protection and sustainable development, which requires architects to have a solid foundation and rich experience, be good at learning and experience in practice. At present, most architectural design talents in the market require more than 5 years of work experience, have the first-class registered architect qualification, and have served as designers of large-scale residential or architectural projects. This kind of post also needs to obtain the corresponding qualification certificate. For example, a builder needs to pass the professional qualification examination organized by the state to obtain the Certificate of Certified Architect before he can take up his post, and a budget engineer needs to obtain the qualification of certified cost engineer or budget engineer. In addition, to engage in this kind of occupation, we need to strengthen our self-cultivation, for example, we need to be familiar with computer operation and maintenance, skillfully use CAD to draw various engineering drawings, and use P3 to prepare construction and production plans. Some positions, such as architectural designers, need to have a deep understanding of anthropology, aesthetics, history, and the essence of architecture in different times and countries, and be able to master and forge their own design styles. All these need to accumulate their own cultural details from the student days. During the internship, try to choose some related units and positions, such as real estate appraisal, engineering budget, engineering drawing, etc.

Direction of quality supervision and engineering supervision

Representative position: supervision engineer

Representative industries: construction, road and bridge supervision company, engineering quality inspection and supervision department.

Employment prospect: Engineering supervision is a new profession in recent years. With the increasingly standardized quality supervision of buildings and road and bridge construction in China, the supervision industry has faced unprecedented development opportunities since its birth. With the improvement of the national engineering supervision system, the supervision industry has a broader development space.

Typical career path: supervisor-documenter-direct project leader-professional supervision engineer-chief supervision engineer.

Annual salary reference: site supervisor:1.8,000 ~ 25,000 yuan; Direct person in charge of the project: 25,000 ~ 40,000 yuan; Professional supervision engineer: 30,000 ~ 50,000 yuan; Chief supervision engineer: 40,000 ~ 80,000 yuan.

Expert advice: The supervision industry is a new industry, so it is also an industry closely integrated with the qualification system, and the promotion of positions is closely related to the acquisition of personal qualifications. Generally speaking, supervision needs to obtain a provincial supervision license, and the project leader needs to obtain a provincial supervision engineer or supervision license, with rich work experience and strong work ability. Professional supervision engineer shall obtain the qualification certificate of provincial supervision engineer, and the chief supervision engineer shall obtain the professional qualification certificate of national registered supervision engineer. Students majoring in wood and civil engineering want to enter this industry. During school, you can participate in the supervision training courses organized by the provincial highway system and building system, and obtain the supervision post certificate after passing the examination, and then obtain the corresponding qualification certificate with the increase of work experience. During the internship, you can choose a supervision company that is consistent with your own direction, such as road and bridge, building direction, etc. And engaged in on-site supervision, measurement and data management.

Engineering maintenance direction

Representative position: Engineer of rail transit and railway public works department, usually the engineering and technical personnel of the construction unit.

Representative industries: rail transit, railway works section (office).

Employment prospects: The 11th Five-Year Plan plans to have a national road network of 65,438+10,000 kilometers. Many large and medium-sized cities are building subway transportation, which requires a large number of technicians to carry out inspection and maintenance.

Typical career path: technician-assistant engineer-engineer-senior engineer.

Annual salary reference: technician 1.5 ~ 40000, assistant engineer 1.5 ~ 40000, engineer 40000 ~ 70000, senior engineer 55438+00000.

Civil servants, teaching and research direction

Representative positions: civil servants, teachers.

Representative industries: transportation, municipal administration departments, universities, scientific research and design units.

Employment prospects: the reform of civil service system has opened the door for college graduates to work in * * organs. The rapid development of roads, bridges and construction industry has brought huge demand for talents, which has increased the demand for civil engineering teachers. However, it should be noted that the competition in these industries is generally fierce, requiring job seekers to have a higher professional level and comprehensive quality.

Annual salary reference: college teachers: 25,000 ~ 45,000 yuan; Teachers in secondary specialized schools:1.8,000 to 30,000 yuan; Ordinary civil servants: 20,000 ~ 35,000 yuan.

Experts suggest that if you want to engage in this kind of industry, on the one hand, you should learn professional courses well at school to make yourself have a higher professional level, on the other hand, you should pay special attention to the study of theoretical knowledge and the cultivation of personal comprehensive quality to make yourself have a higher level of Putonghua, foreign languages and computers and better adaptability.