What are the modes of logistics distribution under e-commerce? What are their characteristics?

1, enterprise (group) self-operated distribution mode

This is a logistics mode widely used by domestic production, circulation or comprehensive enterprises (groups). Enterprises (groups) realize the supply of goods to various departments, factories and shops within the enterprise by setting up logistics centers independently. This logistics model combines the traditional "self-sufficiency" and "small farmer consciousness", forming new "big and complete" and "small and complete", resulting in new waste of resources. Obviously, this model can no longer meet the requirements of logistics in the era of e-commerce. But at present, it has played a role in meeting the needs of enterprises (groups) such as internal production materials supply, product export, retail factory supply or market expansion outside the region.

The typical enterprise (group) self-management mode is the logistics distribution of chain enterprises. Large and small chain companies or groups (such as Beijing Hualian, Wal-Mart and Metro). ) By establishing its own logistics center, the unified procurement, distribution and settlement of internal stores are basically completed.

2, the third party logistics distribution mode

Logistics outsourcing third party, usually called third party logistics, is a kind of logistics form that the third party undertakes enterprise logistics activities relative to the consignor of Party A and the consignee of Party B.. The third-party logistics mode refers to a distribution operation mode in which both parties entrust their respective distribution business to a third party. This distribution mode is gradually becoming the preferred mode and direction for e-commerce websites to distribute goods. His services include designing logistics systems, electronic data exchange capabilities, report management, cargo integration, information management, warehousing, consulting, freight payment and negotiation.

The adoption of third-party logistics in e-commerce enterprises plays an important role in improving the operational efficiency of enterprises.

(1) Focus on core business.

Enterprises should concentrate their main resources on their familiar main business, and leave auxiliary functions such as logistics to logistics companies to improve the market competitiveness of their main business. If a small-scale enterprise invests too much money in its own logistics, the capital invested in its main business will be reduced accordingly, and the market competitiveness of its main business will be greatly affected.

(2) Flexible use of new technologies to realize the exchange of inventory information and reduce costs.

Due to the increasing progress of science and technology, it is usually difficult for ordinary single manufacturing enterprises to update their resources and skills in a short time. Different retailers may have different and changing needs in distribution and information technology. At this time, third-party logistics companies can meet these needs in a faster and more cost-effective way, and these services are usually difficult for manufacturers to do alone. Similarly, third-party logistics providers also have the ability to meet the needs of a company's potential customers and enable enterprises to approach retailers.

(3) Reduce investment in fixed assets and accelerate capital turnover.

Enterprises need to invest a lot of money to buy logistics equipment and build professional logistics facilities such as warehouses and information networks. These resources are a heavy burden for enterprises lacking funds, especially small and medium-sized enterprises. The use of third-party logistics companies can not only reduce the investment in facilities, but also avoid the capital occupation of warehouses and fleets and speed up the capital turnover.

Compared with self-operated logistics, third-party logistics not only provides the above convenience for enterprises, but also brings many disadvantages to enterprises. Mainly: enterprises cannot directly control logistics functions; Can not guarantee the accuracy and timeliness of supply; Unable to guarantee the quality of customer service and maintain long-term relationship with customers; Enterprises will give up the development of logistics technology.

3. Integrated logistics distribution mode

Logistics integration is developed on the basis of third-party logistics. The so-called logistics integration is the integration and systematization of the supply chain with the logistics system as the core, starting from the production enterprises and passing through the logistics enterprises, sales enterprises and consumers. In this mode, logistics enterprises form a relatively stable contractual relationship with sales enterprises by establishing extensive agency or buyout relationship with production enterprises, so as to unify the goods or information of production enterprises, process them according to the requirements of departmental orders and deliver them to stores. This distribution mode is also manifested in the exchange of supply information between users, thus playing a role in regulating surplus and deficiency and rationally utilizing resources.

In the era of e-commerce, this is a relatively perfect logistics distribution model and an advanced and mature stage of logistics development. In China, Haier Group's logistics distribution model can be said to be logistics integration, which is a very successful case.

4. Common distribution model

Common distribution is the distribution carried out by many logistics enterprises to improve logistics efficiency when it is delivered to users in a certain area. It was developed under the unified planning and scheduling of distribution centers. It mainly includes two forms of operation: first, logistics enterprises distribute to multiple users, that is, distribution enterprises integrate the needs of multiple users in a certain area, make overall arrangements for distribution time, times, routes and quantity of goods, and conduct comprehensive distribution; Second, only in the delivery link, the goods to be transported by multiple users are mixed in the same car, and then the goods are transported to various receiving points according to the requirements of users, or to the delivery receiving points jointly established by multiple users.

At present, the construction of large-scale modern distribution centers can't keep up with the development requirements of e-commerce logistics, so it is a positive and feasible choice to implement joint distribution. From the microscopic point of view, enterprises can obtain the following benefits: first, realize the economic scale of distribution operations, improve the efficiency of logistics operations, and reduce the operating costs of enterprises; Do not need to invest a lot of money, equipment, land, manpower, etc. , can save the resources of enterprises. Secondly, enterprises can focus on their core business, cultivate their core competitiveness and better adapt to the fierce market competition. Thirdly, from the social point of view, realizing common distribution can reduce the total number of social vehicles, reduce the phenomenon that unloading in downtown areas hinders traffic and improve traffic conditions; Through centralized processing, vehicle loading efficiency is improved, logistics processing space and human resources are saved, and social resources are shared and effectively utilized.

Joint distribution also involves some difficult problems: First, the consignors handle different commodities, and different commodities have different characteristics and different requirements for distribution, so joint distribution is more difficult. Secondly, there are differences in the scale, business circle, customers and management consciousness of enterprises, which are often difficult to coordinate. There are also cost sharing, fear of revealing trade secrets and so on.