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Information about China's space industry

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20 13-03-2 1

1999165438+1At 6: 30: 07 on October 20th, China's first experimental spacecraft, Shenzhou I, was successfully launched, and China became the third country in the world with manned space technology after the United States and Russia. After completing the 2 1 hour space science experiment, it landed successfully on 2 1 day at 3: 4 1. The successful launch and recovery of the Shenzhou experimental spacecraft has become another milestone in China's space history. The success date is1999165438+10.21,which is only one month and nine days away from the end of the year. For seven years, many astronauts who count down their calendars every day just want to have a good sleep. But such a simple wish is also an unattainable luxury for many people. In the new drums, "Shenzhou II" set off again. Chinese astronauts driving rumbling cranes into space must race against time for the country's ideals!

Soon, the second spaceship "Shenzhou II" was manufactured, with more advanced performance than "Shenzhou I", and more complete installation of safety equipment and life support system.

20011was launched from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center and successfully returned to the ground after 7 days' flight. This is the prototype of China's first unmanned spacecraft. Experiments in the fields of space life science, space materials, space astronomy and physics in microgravity environment were carried out on the spacecraft. All kinds of instruments and equipment have stable performance and work normally, and a large amount of data has been obtained. Compared with Shenzhou-1 spacecraft, Shenzhou-2 spacecraft has a new expansion in system structure and a new improvement in technical performance, and its technical status is basically the same as that of manned spacecraft.

Then the Shenzhou III spacecraft was launched on March 25th, 2002. The spacecraft is equipped with a human metabolism simulator, anthropomorphic physiological signal equipment and a human dummy, which can quantitatively simulate important physiological activity parameters such as astronauts' breathing and blood circulation. The orbital module of Shenzhou III has been in orbit for more than 180 days, and a series of space science experiments have been successfully carried out.

On June 30th, 2002, the launch of Shenzhou IV was the last rehearsal for China's manned space flight. It was a flight test with the highest technical requirements, the most complete test system and the most difficult since the implementation of the manned spaceflight project. It is also facing the most severe test since the manned space launch: the launch site is extremely cold, and the lowest temperature is close to -30℃, which is nearly 65,438 degrees higher than the low-temperature launch conditions. The final successful launch of Shenzhou IV spacecraft indicates that China's manned spaceflight project has withstood the most comprehensive flight test in unmanned state, creating a new record of low-temperature launch in China's space history and a miracle of rocket low-temperature launch in the world's space history. Academician Liang, an aerospace expert from China, said that although shenzhou spaceship's development and launch were later than those of the United States and Russia, China's starting point for developing spacecraft was higher. The orbital module of Shenzhou spacecraft can not only observe the earth from orbit, but also be used as an aircraft for future rendezvous and docking, which is an excellent tool for future round-trip transportation between heaven and earth.

10/0 On October 6, the Associated Press released a message to the world: Before the manned spacecraft was about to be launched, China announced that it would put a lunar exploration satellite into lunar orbit within three years at the earliest. China's lunar exploration program, code-named "Chang 'e Project", was launched in March this year and is progressing smoothly. It is also known that if all goes well, China people may appear on the moon in 10.

The year 2003 was an unusual day. At 9 o'clock sharp, Yang Liwei's Shenzhou 5 spaceship took off in the roar of the earth-shaking. On this day, people all over the world saw Yang Liwei from China flying in space. From this day on, the five-star red flag of China began to appear among the flags flying in the vast universe. The "God Ship" carrying the hope of the whole nation has opened a brand-new space age in China.

June+10/October 65438+At 6: 23 in the morning of June 2003, the China "Shenzhou 5" spacecraft landed on the open grassland in Inner Mongolia after taking off for 2 1 hour. The history of China's footprint in space is over.

June 65438+10/October 65438+February 2005, China successfully launched the manned spacecraft Shenzhou VI again, and conducted the first multi-person and multi-day space flight test.

On September 25th, 2008, 2 1: 10, the Long March II F carrier rocket carried the Shenzhou VII manned spacecraft, carrying the dream of China people to reach new heights in space and fly into space.

This is the seventh time that shenzhou spaceship flew into space and the third time that China people landed in space.

After Yang Liwei realized the Chinese dream, Fei and Nie Haisheng entered the orbital module to conduct space science experiments, today, three China astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng shoulder a brand-new historical mission-according to the plan, they will walk out of the module during this space flight.

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572020-05-03

China Aerospace Industry Development Information

/kloc-At the end of 0/4th century, 47 homemade rockets were tied to chairs by Ming literati, and they sat in chairs with big kites in their hands. He first began to imagine flying into the sky with the thrust of a rocket, and then landing smoothly with a kite. Unfortunately, the rocket exploded and thousands of families gave their precious lives for it. But his behavior inspired and shocked people's hearts. Urge people to study harder. 1970 China's first artificial satellite "Dongfanghong 1" was successfully launched! It became the second milestone in the history of China's space development. On June 5438+1October 65438+May, 2003, a manned spaceship was launched in Shenzhou 5, China, which indicated that China had mastered manned space technology and became the third milestone in China's space history. 20071October 24th 18: 05, with the successful landing of Chang 'e-1 on the moon, the first phase of Chang 'e Project was successfully completed. Since then, Shenzhou-9 and Tiangong-1 have been launched and successfully docked. At 22: 04: 09 on September 201June 5, Tiangong-2 Space Laboratory was successfully launched at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. People's Republic of China (PRC)'s space industry began in 1956. China launched its first artificial earth satellite 1970 on April 24th, which is the fifth country in the world to launch an artificial satellite independently after the Soviet Union, the United States, France and Japan. The purpose of China's space development is to explore outer space and expand the understanding of the earth and the universe; The peaceful use of outer space promotes human civilization and social progress and benefits all mankind. Adapt to the needs of economic construction, scientific and technological development, national security and social progress, improve the scientific quality of the whole people, safeguard national rights and interests, and enhance comprehensive national strength. In developing the space industry, China implements the guiding principles of national scientific and technological development, namely, independent innovation, key leapfrogging, supporting development and leading the future. Baidu Encyclopedia-China Aerospace Industry

145 Browse 2478620 19-07- 18

China Aerospace Industry Development Information

In recent years, the most prominent publicity is the aerospace industry. From the first manned space flight to the first spacewalk to the next Chang 'e plan, it is planned to develop and utilize the moon. China has also developed and launched various types of satellites, such as meteorological satellites, Beidou series navigation satellites and Earth observation remote sensing satellites. Since 2003, China has conducted many manned space experiments. Yang Liwei became the first China man to fly into space, and Huo Zhigang became the first China man to walk in space.

29 browse 52 12020-03- 18

Information about China's space achievements

1April 24, 970 2 1, 3 1, China "Dongfanghong" I flew into space. This is the first artificial satellite launched by China. 1In August 1987, China's recoverable satellite was equipped with a test device for France. This is China's first attempt to enter the world space market. On June 5438+00, 2003, Shenzhou 5 manned spacecraft was launched; On June 65438+1October 65438+February 2005, Shenzhou VI was launched with two astronauts and Nie Haisheng. On September 25th, 2008, at 2 1: 00 and 10: 04.988 milliseconds, Shenzhou VII was launched with three astronauts, namely Zhai Zhigang, Jing Haipeng and Liu Boming. On 20071October 24th 18: 05, the Long March 3A carrier rocket carrying China's first lunar exploration satellite Chang 'e-1 was successfully launched in xichang satellite launch center Tower 3. At 20101018: 59: 57, Chang 'e II, the sister star of Chang 'e-1 satellite, was launched in xichang satellite launch center, which was a complete success. The purpose of this launch is mainly to realize the next soft landing of the moon, carry out some key technical experiments and carry out high-precision imaging of the Chang 'e-3 landing area. The history of China's space activities began in February 1956. The famous scientist Qian Xuesen put forward "Opinions on Establishing China's National Defense Aviation Industry" to the Central Committee. 1956 in April, People's Republic of China (PRC) (PRC) Aviation Industry Committee was established to lead China's aviation and rocket industry in a unified way. Nie is the director, and Huang Kecheng and Zhao Erlu are deputy directors. The establishment of the Aviation Industry Committee marks the beginning of China's space industry. Zhao Xiaojin, director of the space department of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, told the media before the launch of Chang 'e-1 satellite that the launch window of Chang 'e-1 was reserved for 35 minutes, during which it could be launched. However, compared with the first minute launch, the last minute launch will lose 1.20 kg of satellite fuel, which is a great loss for Chang 'e-1, which only has 1.200 kg of fuel in total, and will directly affect its working time and service life. If we can't launch normally within 35 minutes due to special reasons, we can only cancel the launch plan and postpone the launch window to next year. Baidu Encyclopedia-China Space History

73 1 browse182132019-09-26

China Aerospace Industry Information

Since entering the 2 1 century, the world space activities have shown a new trend of vigorous development. Major space-faring countries have successively formulated or adjusted their space development strategies, development plans and development goals. The space industry plays an increasingly prominent role in the overall development strategy of the country, and the influence of space activities on human civilization and social progress is further enhanced. China's space industry began at 1956 and has gone through a glorious course of 50 years. Over the past half century, China has independently developed its space industry, and has been among the advanced countries in the world in several important technical fields, and has made remarkable achievements. China unswervingly follows the path of peaceful development, consistently advocates that outer space is the common wealth of all mankind, supports various activities of peaceful use of outer space, actively explores and uses outer space, and constantly makes new contributions to the development of human space. China has set the strategic goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way and entering the ranks of innovative countries in the first two decades of this century. The development of China's space industry is facing new opportunities and higher requirements. In the new stage of development, China will adhere to the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development, focus on national strategic objectives, strengthen independent innovation, and strive to promote the faster and better development of the space industry. Since the white paper "China's Space" was published by China government in 2000, China's space industry has made great progress. In order to enhance the world's understanding of China's space industry in the past five years and its future development, here are some introductions and explanations. I. Purpose and Principles of Development The purpose of China's space development is to explore outer space and expand its understanding of the earth and the universe; Peaceful use of outer space, promoting human civilization and social progress, and benefiting all mankind; Adapt to the needs of economic construction, scientific and technological development, national security and social progress, improve the scientific quality of the whole people, safeguard national rights and interests, and enhance comprehensive national strength. In developing the space industry, China implements the guiding principles of national scientific and technological development, namely, independent innovation, key leapfrogging, supporting development and leading the future. In the new stage of development, the development principles of China's space industry are:-persisting in obeying and serving the overall development strategy of the country, meeting the needs of the country and embodying the will of the country. China regards the development of space industry as a strategic measure to enhance the country's economic strength, scientific and technological strength, national defense strength and national cohesion, as an important part of the country's overall development strategy, and maintains the long-term and stable development of space industry. -Insist on independent innovation and realize leap-forward development. China's space industry started from self-reliance and continued to develop through independent innovation. Improving the ability of independent innovation is the strategic basis for the development of space industry. According to the national conditions and needs, we should do something different, choose limited goals, concentrate our efforts, make key breakthroughs and achieve leap-forward development. -Adhere to all-round, coordinated and sustainable development, and give play to the driving and supporting role of space science and technology in national science and technology and economic and social development. Strengthen strategic planning and coordinate the development of space technology, space application and space science. Guided by the progress of aerospace science and technology, we will promote the development of high-tech and industries and promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries. Protect the space environment and rationally develop and utilize space resources. -Persist in opening to the outside world and actively carry out international exchanges and cooperation in the space field. China supports all activities in the peaceful use of outer space and strengthens exchanges and cooperation with other countries in the space field on the basis of equality, mutual benefit, peaceful use and common development. Two. In the five years from 200 1 to 2005, China's space industry has made rapid development and a series of new achievements. Build a number of scientific research and test bases with world advanced level, further improve the scientific research, design, production and test systems, and significantly improve the basic capabilities of aerospace science and technology; The overall level of space technology has been significantly improved, a number of major key technologies have been overcome, a historic breakthrough has been made in manned space flight, and the lunar exploration project has been fully launched; The space application system was initially formed, the application fields were further expanded, and the application benefits were significantly improved; Important achievements have been made in space science experiments and research. Space technology 1. Artificial earth satellite. In the past five years, 22 different types of artificial earth satellites have been independently developed and launched, and the overall level has been significantly improved. On the basis of the four satellite series that have been initially formed, six satellite series have been developed-recoverable remote sensing satellite series, "Dongfanghong" communication and broadcasting satellite series, "Fengyun" meteorological satellite series, "Practice" scientific exploration and technical test satellite series, "Resources" earth resources satellite series and "Beidou" navigation and positioning satellite series. In addition, a series of marine satellites will be formed soon, and the plan to build a "small satellite constellation for environmental and disaster monitoring and forecasting" is being stepped up. Some new high-performance satellite payloads have been successfully developed. Various application satellites have been put into operation, among which Fengyun-1 and Fengyun-2 meteorological satellites have been included in the international operational meteorological satellite series by the World Meteorological Organization. Important breakthroughs have been made in key technologies of public platforms for large-scale satellites in geostationary orbit. Great achievements have been made in the development of large-capacity communication and broadcasting satellites. Important progress has been made in the development and application of micro-satellites. 2. Launch vehicle. In the past five years, the self-developed "Long March" series of launch vehicles have been successfully launched for 24 consecutive times, and the main technical performance and reliability of the launch vehicles have been significantly improved. From 1996 10 to the end of 2005, the "Long March" series of launch vehicles have been successfully launched for 46 consecutive times. A number of key technologies of the new generation of launch vehicles have made important breakthroughs, and the development of 120-ton liquid oxygen/kerosene engine and 50-ton hydrogen-oxygen engine is progressing smoothly. 3. Spacecraft launch site. New progress has been made in the construction of three spacecraft launch sites in Jiuquan, Xichang and Taiyuan, and the comprehensive test launch capability has been improved. Completed the launching tasks of various launch vehicles, various artificial satellites, unmanned test spacecraft and manned spacecraft for many times. 4. Space TT&C. The overall function of the space TT&C network has been further enhanced and broadened, providing TT&C support for the launch, on-orbit operation and return landing of artificial earth satellites, unmanned test spacecraft and manned spacecraft in various orbits for many times. 5. Manned spaceflight. 1999165438+21year1October 20th to1October 20th, China successfully launched and recovered the first unmanned test spacecraft Shenzhou, and then successfully launched three unmanned test spacecraft Shenzhou. From June 5438+1October 15 to June 16, 2003, Shenzhou 5's manned spacecraft was launched and recovered, which was the first successful manned space flight, breaking through the basic technology of manned space flight and becoming the third country in the world to carry out manned space flight independently. From June 65438+1October 12 to June 17, 2005, the Shenzhou VI manned space flight was "two people for five days", which was the first manned space test in China and another major achievement in the field of manned space flight. 6. Deep space exploration. The preliminary research and implementation of the lunar exploration project have been carried out and important progress has been made. Space applications 1. Satellite remote sensing. The application field and scale of satellite remote sensing have been continuously expanded, a number of key technologies have made breakthroughs, infrastructure has been strengthened, and the technical level and operational capability of application systems have been significantly improved, initially forming a national satellite remote sensing application system. National Remote Sensing Center, National Satellite Meteorological Center, China Resources Satellite Application Center, National Satellite Ocean Application Center, China Remote Sensing Satellite Ground Station, and satellite remote sensing application demonstration institutions of relevant state departments and several provinces and cities have been built and improved. The radiation correction field of optical remote sensing satellite was built and put into use. Using domestic and foreign remote sensing satellites, we will accumulate multi-band satellite earth observation data resources with wide coverage and long time series, and provide diversified remote sensing products and services. In some important fields, satellite remote sensing application systems have been put into operation, especially in meteorology, geology and mineral resources, surveying and mapping, agriculture, forestry, land, water conservancy, ocean, environmental protection, disaster reduction, transportation, regional and urban planning. It has played an important role in land and resources survey, ecological construction and environmental protection, as well as major projects such as the West-to-East Gas Transmission Project, the South-to-North Water Transfer Project and the Three Gorges Project. 2. Satellite communication broadcasting. Satellite communication and broadcasting technology has developed rapidly and is widely used, and its application industry has begun to take shape. By the end of 2005, there were more than 80 international and domestic communication and broadcasting earth stations and 34 satellite radio and television uplink stations in China. Dozens of domestic departments and several large enterprises have established more than 100 satellite communication networks, with more than 50,000 very small aperture terminal stations. The development and application of satellite radio and television services have improved the effective coverage and quality of radio and television in China, especially in rural areas. Satellite communication broadcasting technology has played an irreplaceable role in the project of "radio and television for every village" and "telephone for every village", and satellite broadband network for distance education and satellite telemedicine network have begun to take shape. As a member of Inmarsat, China has built a maritime satellite communication network covering the whole world and entered the advanced ranks in the field of international mobile satellite communication applications. 3. Satellite navigation and positioning. Through the implementation of major engineering projects such as "satellite navigation application industrialization", great progress has been made in the development, application and service of satellite navigation and positioning technology by using domestic and foreign navigation and positioning satellites. The application scope and industry of satellite navigation and positioning are constantly expanding, and the scale of the national satellite navigation application market is rapidly increasing at the rate of doubling every two years. Satellite navigation and positioning technology has been widely used in transportation, basic surveying and mapping, engineering survey, resource survey, earthquake monitoring, meteorological survey and marine survey. Space science 1. Solar-terrestrial space exploration. Cooperate with the European Space Agency to implement the "Geospatial Double Star Exploration Plan", and cooperate with the four space exploration satellites of the European Space Agency to realize the world's six-point synchronous joint exploration of geospace for the first time and obtain important detection data. The exploration of the moon and the solar system was studied preliminarily. 2. Microgravity scientific experiments and space astronomical observations. Using shenzhou spaceship and recoverable satellites, many experimental studies have been carried out in the fields of space life science, space materials science and microgravity science, and important achievements have been made in crop space mutation breeding and high-energy space astronomical observation and exploration. 3. Research on space environment. Research on space environment monitoring and prediction has been carried out; Significant progress has been made in observing, mitigating and predicting space debris; Initially, it had the ability to predict the space environment through experiments. Three. Development Goals and Main Tasks for the Next Five Years In 2006, the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the National Medium-and Long-Term Science and Technology Development Plan (2006-2020) formulated by the China Municipal Government put the development of space industry in an important position. According to the above two planning outlines, the China Municipal Government has formulated a new development plan for the space industry, and defined the development goals and main tasks in the next five years and a little longer. According to this development plan, the state will launch and continue to implement major special projects of space science and technology, such as manned spaceflight, lunar exploration, high-resolution Earth observation system and a new generation of launch vehicles, and a number of priority projects in key areas, strengthen basic research, deploy and develop some cutting-edge technologies in the space field in advance, and accelerate the progress and innovation of space science and technology. Development goals: the ability and reliability of launch vehicles to enter space have been significantly improved; Establish a long-term and stable satellite earth observation system and a coordinated national satellite remote sensing application system; Establish a relatively perfect satellite communication and broadcasting system, and the scale and benefit of satellite communication and broadcasting industry have been significantly improved; Gradually establish a satellite navigation and positioning system to meet the application requirements, and initially form a satellite navigation and positioning application industry; Initially realize satellite applications and satellite applications from experimental applications to business services. Realize astronauts' extravehicular activities and spacecraft rendezvous and docking; Realize lunar exploration; Important original achievements have been made in space science research. The main task is to develop a new generation of non-toxic, pollution-free, high-performance, low-cost and high-thrust launch vehicle, and finally realize the carrying capacity of 25 tons in low-earth orbit and 0/4 ton in geosynchronous transfer orbit; Complete the development of 120 ton liquid oxygen/kerosene engine and 50 ton hydrogen-oxygen engine; Improve the reliability and launch adaptability of the existing "Long March" series of launch vehicles. -Initiating and implementing high-resolution Earth observation system projects; Developing and launching new polar orbit and geostationary orbit meteorological satellites, marine satellites, earth resources satellites and small satellites for environmental and disaster monitoring and forecasting; Research on key technologies of new remote sensing satellites such as stereo mapping satellites will be carried out. An all-weather, all-day, multi-spectral, different-resolution and stable Earth observation system will be initially formed to realize three-dimensional observation and dynamic monitoring of land, atmosphere and ocean. -Coordinating the development of satellite remote sensing ground systems and operational application systems; Integrate and improve the existing remote sensing satellite ground system, establish and improve the national remote sensing satellite data center, build and improve the quantitative application supporting facilities such as remote sensing satellite radiation correction field, and initially realize the sharing of remote sensing data in the field of social public services; Establish satellite environment application institutions and satellite disaster reduction application institutions to form a number of important business application systems; Breakthrough has been made in the main application fields of satellite remote sensing. -Developing and launching long-life, high-reliability and large-capacity geostationary orbit communication satellites and direct television broadcasting satellites; Develop technologies such as satellite direct broadcasting, broadband multimedia, satellite emergency communication and public service communication broadcasting. We will continue to develop and improve the universal service function of satellite communication and broadcasting, and increase value-added services in the field of satellite communication. Actively promote the commercialization of satellite communication and broadcasting, and expand the industrial scale of communication and broadcasting satellites and their applications. -Improve the Beidou navigation test satellite system and start the implementation of the Beidou satellite navigation system plan. Develop independent application technologies and products for satellite navigation, positioning and timing, establish standardized location service support systems and popular application series terminals related to satellite navigation and positioning, and expand application fields and markets. -Develop and launch new technology test satellites, strengthen the space flight verification of new technologies, new materials, new devices and new equipment, improve the level of independent research and development, and improve product quality and reliability. -Developing and launching "breeding" satellites, promoting the combination of space technology and agricultural breeding technology, and expanding the application of space technology in agricultural scientific research. -Developing satellites, such as space telescopes and new recoverable scientific satellites; Carry out basic research in space astronomy, space physics, microgravity science and space life science, and achieve important original results; Strengthen the ability to monitor the space environment and space debris, and initially establish a space environment monitoring and early warning system. -Manned space flight, astronauts' extravehicular activities and spacecraft rendezvous and docking tests; Develop a space laboratory with a certain application scale, be manned for a short time, fly autonomously in orbit for a long time, and carry out the follow-up work of manned spaceflight project. -Realizing lunar exploration, breaking through the basic technology of lunar exploration, and developing and launching China's first lunar exploration satellite "Chang 'e-1", which is mainly used for lunar scientific exploration and lunar resources exploration; Carry out the later work of the lunar exploration project. -Improve the comprehensive test capability and efficiency of space launch sites, further optimize the layout of space launch sites, and improve the reliability and automation level of space launch site facilities and equipment. -further improve the technical level and capability of TT&C network in space, expand the coverage of TT&C, and have TT&C capability to meet the needs of deep space exploration initially. Four. Development Policies and Measures Under the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development, the China Municipal Government has made overall planning in three areas: space technology, space application and space science, promoted independent innovation of space science and technology, improved economic and social benefits of space activities, ensured orderly, standardized and healthy development of space activities, and achieved established development goals. At present and in the future, the main policies and measures for the development of China's space industry include:-overall planning and rational deployment of various space activities. Give priority to the development of applied satellites and satellite applications, moderately develop manned space flight and deep space exploration, and actively support space science exploration. -concentrate on implementing major aerospace science and technology projects, strengthen basic research, and deploy cutting-edge technologies ahead of schedule. Concentrate on superior forces, and achieve a key leap in space science and technology through core technological breakthroughs and resource integration. By strengthening the basic research in the space field and the advanced research of some cutting-edge technologies, the sustainable innovation ability of space science and technology will be improved. -Strengthening the application of space and promoting the process of space industrialization. Strengthen the development of space application technology, promote resource sharing and expand business applications. Focusing on communication satellites and satellite communications, satellite remote sensing, satellite navigation and launch vehicles, we will actively build an aerospace industrial chain of satellite manufacturing, launch services, ground equipment manufacturing and operation services. Strengthen the promotion, transfer and secondary development of space technology and transform and upgrade traditional industries. -Attach importance to the basic capacity building of aerospace science, technology and industry. Strengthen the construction of scientific research, production and test infrastructure for spacecraft and launch vehicles. Support the construction of key aerospace science and technology laboratories and engineering research centers, and strengthen information work, intellectual property work and aerospace standardization work. -promoting the construction of the space technology innovation system. Guide the reform, adjustment, transformation and upgrading of aerospace science and technology industry, and accelerate the formation of world-class large-scale aerospace enterprises. Actively build a space technology innovation system with space science and technology enterprises and national scientific research institutions as the main body and Industry-University-Research as the combination. -Strengthening the scientific management of space activities. Adapt to the development of socialist market economy, actively innovate the system and mechanism of scientific management, strengthen the concept of quality and benefit, and use modern management means such as system engineering to strengthen scientific management, improve system quality, reduce system risks and improve comprehensive benefits. -Strengthening the construction of policies and regulations. To study and formulate laws and regulations on the management of space activities and policies on the space industry, guide and standardize all kinds of space activities, improve the level of administration according to law, and create a policy and regulatory environment conducive to the development of the space industry. -Ensuring investment in space activities. The China Municipal Government will continue to increase its investment in space, and at the same time encourage the establishment of a diversified and multi-channel space investment system to maintain the sustained and stable development of the space industry. -Encourage all sectors of society to participate in space activities. Encourage industrial enterprises, scientific research institutions, commercial enterprises, universities and social organizations to give full play to their respective advantages and actively participate in space activities and international exchanges and cooperation in the space field under the guidance of the national space policy. Encourage satellite enterprises and application departments to give priority to domestic satellites and satellite application products. -Strengthening the construction of aerospace talents. Vigorously develop education, pay attention to cultivating innovative and practical talents, especially young scientific and technological talents, and form a team of aerospace talents with reasonable structure and excellent quality. Popularize space knowledge, publicize space culture, and attract more outstanding talents to join the space industry. The government of China has continuously strengthened the management and macro guidance of space activities. China National Space Administration is the government agency in charge of civil space management and international space cooperation in People's Republic of China (PRC), and performs the corresponding management responsibilities of the government. V. International Exchanges and Cooperation The Government of China believes that outer space is the common wealth of all mankind, and all countries in the world enjoy equal rights to freely explore, develop and use outer space and its celestial bodies; The development of outer space activities by all countries in the world should contribute to the economic development and social progress of all countries, to the security, survival and development of mankind, and to the friendly cooperation of people of all countries. International space cooperation should follow the basic principles stipulated in the United Nations Declaration on International Cooperation in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space to Promote the Welfare and Interests of All Countries, with Special Consideration for the Needs of Developing Countries (Declaration on International Space Cooperation). China advocates strengthening international exchanges and cooperation in the space field on the basis of the principles of equality, mutual benefit, peaceful utilization and common development. Basic Policies With regard to international space exchange and cooperation, the China Municipal Government has adopted the following basic policies:-Adhering to the principle of independence, making overall and rational use of domestic and foreign markets and resources according to the needs of national modernization, and building an active and pragmatic country.