During the Three Kingdoms period, who let the people eat and drink for nothing and created a political power of combining politics with religion?

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Yellow Scarf Uprising was huge, and many people of all colors wanted to fish in troubled waters. Most of them are just a flash in the pan. However, there was such a man who not only succeeded in separating one party, but also established a political power with the integration of politics and religion, calling himself a "master" and ruled for more than 20 years. This man was Zhang Lu of Hanzhong in the early days of the Three Kingdoms.

Zhang Lu is only a local warlord in the secular eyes, but in Taoism, he is a household name, that is, the third generation of Shi Tian (called Iron Stone). Zhang Lu was born in Fengxian County (now Fengxian County, Jiangsu Province). He is Zhang Ling's grandson. After Zhang Ling's death, Zhang Lu's father Zhang Heng died one after another. After Zhang Heng's death, Zhang Lu succeeded as the leader. According to historical records, Zhang Lu's mother "has a little tolerance and is also a ghost", so she has kept close contact with Ada's family in Yizhou. Zhang Lu gained Ada's trust through his mother's relationship with Liu Yan's family. In A.D. 19 1 year (the second year of Chuping), Ada appointed Zhang Lu as the Sima of Du Yi, and together with other Sima Zhang Xiu, he set out to attack Suzhou Valley, the satrap of Hanzhong. After Zhang Xiu killed Su Gu, Zhang Lu took advantage of it to kill Zhang Xiu, took his military forces, cut off Xiegu Road, and killed an imperial envoy. From then on, Ada was no longer willing to obey Ada's orders. Ada broke off contact with the central court on the grounds that the thief had an accident and Liu Zhang and his family had made enemies. .

In 194 (the first year of Xingping), Ada died of illness and his son Liu Zhang succeeded to the throne. Liu Zhang killed his mother and her family on the grounds that Zhang Lu was disobedient. At the same time, Pang and others were sent to attack Zhang Lu. However, Zhang Lu broke through many times, seized Ba County, separated Hanzhong, educated the people and established a short-term political power of combining politics with religion.

According to historical records, Zhang Lu followed Zhang Xiu's teaching methods in Hanzhong and "polished" them, calling himself a "master". Those who come to learn Taoism are called "ghost soldiers" at first, and "wine sacrifices" after enlightenment. Leading many people is to "treat the head and offer a big drink." Don't be an officer, manage local government affairs by offering wine, teach people to be honest and not cheat, and make patients surrender; Forgive the offender three times, and punish him if he commits another crime; If it is too small, it will take hundreds of steps to make up for it. According to the "Moon Order", it is forbidden to slaughter and drink alcohol when everything grows in spring and summer. He also founded a clothing house containing rice and meat to provide free food for passers-by, and claimed that eating too much would offend ghosts and gods and make them sick. Chairman Mao once pointed out that there is a Zhang Lu in Hanzhong. He once said that eating is free, and all passers-by and eating meat in restaurants are free. He has been working for 30 years, and people are very satisfied with this system. This socialist style shows that our socialism has a long history.

Later, the situation in the world became more and more chaotic and there were countless thieves. Han Sui and Ma Chao in Guanzhong fought Cao, and many people fled to the relatively stable Hanzhong area to avoid disasters. Only tens of thousands of Kansai people fled from the Meridian Valley to Hanzhong. At the same time, Zhang Lu also got the support of Du Fu, Park Tiger and others, the leaders of Bayi minority. He adopted a lenient policy to govern Hanzhong, and "the people take benefit as their foreign policy". "Wanderers, send them back to their places, and dare not refuse to serve". Wudou Midao expanded its influence with the power of the regime. Believers in the Five-Gate Rice Road only need to pay five meters when they enter the Tao. Zhang Lu lived in Hanzhong for more than 20 years, with many followers, and became a powerful separatist force in the late Han Dynasty. Thus, Zhang Lu really established an independent kingdom in Hanzhong at that time.

At that time, the Eastern Han government controlled by Cao Cao had no time to take care of Hanzhong, so he took advantage of the opportunity to worship Zhang Lu as the town corps commander (town corps commander), led the prefect of Hanning, and Zhang Lu ruled Bahan for nearly 30 years. Later, someone dug a jade seal underground in Hanzhong, and someone advised Zhang Lu to call him King Hanning. However, Zhang Lu hero Yan Pu advised: "Hanchuan people have a household registration of more than 100,000, rich land and dangerous terrain on all sides; In the world, you can help the emperor and become Qi Huangong and Jin Wengong, or in the worst case, like Dou Rong, without losing your wealth. Now that the government has been set up, the power is enough to decide the affairs, and there is no need to call the king to attract the wind to avoid disaster. " After weighing, Zhang Lu followed Yan Pu's advice.

However, how can Cao keep a neighbor like Zhang Lu in the west of Cao Cao? At the same time, I was afraid that Liu Zhang and Liu Bei would try to fight Hanzhong. So in 2 15 (20 years of Jian' an), he led 100,000 troops to explore Hanzhong in the west. Zhang Lu learned that he was no match for Cao Cao, so he planned to surrender to Cao Cao. But Zhang and Zhang Qian didn't listen, and led tens of thousands of troops to stick to Yangpingguan, which was breached by Cao Cao. Zhang Lu heard the news and wanted to kowtow. Yan Pu put forward another suggestion: "If you are forced to see him now, you will definitely not be valued by Tsao Gong. You'd better go to Park Tiger to resist first, and then present him with a gift, so that you can get the reuse of Tsao Gong. " Zhang Lu then led the army to Bazhong. Before he left, everyone around wanted to burn all the treasures in the warehouse. Zhang Lu said, "I want to go to court, but Cao Gong doesn't know. Today, we leave, just to avoid being sharp-edged, with no other intention. The treasure house should be owned by the state. " So I hid all my treasures before I left.

After Cao Cao arrived in Nanzheng, he deeply appreciated Zhang Lu's behavior and sent someone to offer condolences, because Zhang Lu had already obeyed. Zhang Lu took his family to see Cao Cao and appointed him General Zhennan (so later generations called Zhang Lu "Zhang Zhennan"). ), courteous, and named Zhang Lu a LangZhongHou (a "XiangPingHou"), a food city. After Cao Cao received Hanzhong, he brought Zhang Lu back to Yecheng and named his fifth son, Yan Pu, and others as liehou. Later, Cao Cao also asked his son Cao Yu to marry Zhang Lu's daughter.

According to the reflection of Zhang Jichuan, after Zhang Lu surrendered, "Mao recruited tens of thousands of Hanzhong citizens to live in Chang 'an and Sanfu. "Zhang Lu and a large number of Hanzhong parishioners moved northward to Sanfu (Chang 'an, Luoyang and Yecheng). They took advantage of the leniency of the Cao Wei regime to the Zhang Lu family to spread the Five Mi Dou Daoism to the lower and upper classes of society, either explicitly or implicitly. After Cao Wei, the Western Jin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Wudou Rice Road developed greatly, and its influence extended to the north and the Central Plains.