(People's Education Edition) Geography and Biology Review Outline

1. The places with the most complete preservation of original tropical rain forests in my country are Hainan Province and Xishuangbanna in Yunnan. The terrain along the Yangtze River in my country generally looks low and flat, and the terrain is dominated by plains and hills.

2. The Qinling Mountains-Huaihe River line in my country is roughly consistent with the 800mm annual precipitation isotherm and the January 0℃ isotherm. It is also the dividing line between humid and semi-humid areas in my country's dry and wet regions, the dividing line between warm temperate and subtropical temperature zones, and the dividing line between the Yangtze River and the Yellow River.

3. The main crops in southern my country are sugar cane and rice; in the northern region are wheat and cotton. The characteristics of traditional houses are that the walls in the south are high and the slope is steep, and the walls in the north are thick and the slope is small.

4. The cute tropical rainforest animals in Xishuangbanna include green peacocks, long-billed hornbills, long-tailed apes, and Asian elephants. An important problem faced in the ecological construction of the Loess Plateau is that there are too many people and too little land.

5. The temperature distribution in my country is characterized by a large temperature difference between the north and the south in winter and generally high temperatures in the north and south in summer. The wonders of Xishuangbanna's famous tropical rainforest include sky trees, plank roots, single-tree forests, and strangulating plants.

6. my country’s inland seas include the Bohai Sea and the Qiongzhou Strait. The Taiwan Strait belongs to the East China Sea. Taiwan's ethnic minority is the Gaoshan people.

7. The Yangtze River is my country’s “golden waterway”, with a navigation mileage of 80,000 km in its main branches and tributaries. my country's Yangtze River stretches from Shanghai in the east to Panzhihua, Sichuan in the west, stretching for more than 3,000 kilometers from east to west. It is a typical "belt" area.

8. The terrain of northwest my country is dominated by plateaus and basins. The largest desert in my country is the Taklimakan Desert. The Yadan landform formed by wind is common in northwest my country.

9. The place known as the “Tropical Animal Kingdom” in my country is Xishuangbanna in Yunnan Province. The grand traditional festival of the Dai people is the Water Splashing Festival. The pillar industry of Xishuangbanna is tourism.

10. Xishuangbanna is known as the oasis on the "Tropic of Cancer" because other places are affected by the subtropical high pressure and suffer from drought and little rain, while the local area is affected by the monsoon climate of the same period of rain and heat.

11. my country’s two special administrative regions are the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, which was recovered on July 1, 1997, and its first chief executive was Tung Chee Hwa; and the Macao Special Administrative Region, which was recovered on December 20, 1999. The Chief Executive is Ho Hau Wah.

12. The loess land in my country refers to the Loess Plateau and the North China Plain. The loess land is the main production area of ??winter wheat, cotton, and peanuts, the main crops in my country.

13. The land in northern my country is often called "yellow land" and "black land". The main crops on the "black soil" are spring wheat, corn, soybeans, sorghum, and sugar beet.

14. Among the four major geographical divisions, the northwest region is the region with the widest longitude in my country. The natural characteristics of the Qinghai-Tibet region are high and cold. The livestock known as the "ship of the plateau" is the yak.

15. From the perspective of China’s location on the earth, it is located in both the Eastern and Northern Hemispheres; from the location of sea and land, China is located in the east of Asia and the west coast of the Pacific.

16. my country’s land area is 9.6 million km2. The three-level administrative divisions in my country are provinces, counties, and townships. The abbreviation of Jiangsu Province is Wan.

17. The most prominent natural feature of the Northwest is drought. There are few local rivers and most of them are inland rivers. The largest inland river in my country is the Tarim River.

18. The largest freshwater lake in my country is Poyang Lake. The key to controlling yellowing is to control sand. The basis for controlling yellow soil is to strengthen soil and water conservation in the Loess Plateau.

19. my country’s largest commercial center is Shanghai. The "Three Treasures" of the Northeast are ginseng, deer antler, and mink. The agriculture in the northwest region belongs to irrigation agriculture, while the agriculture in Qinghai-Tibet region belongs to river valley agriculture. Xinjiang’s agriculture belongs to oasis agriculture.

20. Beijing’s urban functions are political, cultural center and international exchange center. The largest provincial administrative region in my country is the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The geographical coordinates of Beijing are 1160E, 400N.

21. my country’s five special economic zones are Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou, Xiamen and Hainan. The northwest region and Qinghai-Tibet region are the main pastoral areas in my country.

22. The place known as the "Sunlight City" in our country is Lhasa. "Treasure Basin" refers to the Qaidam Basin. The main crops in the Qinghai-Tibet region include highland barley, wheat, and peas.

23. my country’s largest coal energy base is Shanxi Province. The largest coal mine in my country is Datong, Shanxi. Latitude is an important factor affecting my country's climate distribution.

24. The Himalayas are the highest mountains in the world, and their length is 2,400km. Among the four major plateaus in my country, the largest plateau is the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The city at the intersection of Longhai Line and Beijing-Guangzhou Line is Zhengzhou.

25. The largest lake in my country is Qinghai Lake. The soil color in the Sichuan Basin is purple soil. Our country is currently revitalizing its heavy industrial base in Northeast China. The largest shipbuilding and chemical industry base in this region is Dalian.

26 The Tropic of Cancer passes through the four southern provinces of my country, and the provinces from east to west should be Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Yunnan. From Shanghai to Kunming, the east-west railway trunk lines are connected in sequence, and the order should be the Shanghai-Hangzhou Line - Zhejiang-Ganxi Line - Hunan-Guizhou Line - Guiyang-Kunming Line.

27. The province where the volcano-formed Wudalianchi is located is Heilongjiang Province. The Naadam Festival is a grand traditional festival of an ethnic minority in my country, which is the Mongolian ethnic group. Among the four major plateaus in my country, the Inner Mongolia Plateau ranks second in area and is the flattest.

28 Kazakhstan is adjacent to our country on land and is the largest landlocked country in the world. Our country's scientist is known as the "Father of Hybrid Rice in the World", Yuan Longping. The region with the lowest average summer temperature in my country is the Qinghai-Tibet region.

29. According to the division of world time zones, our country spans 5 time zones. Each time zone spans 150 degrees of longitude. The important reason for the popularity of Chengde Mountain Villa in my country is the terrain factor. The largest comprehensive industrial base in my country is the Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou region.

30. The Korean ethnic minority in my country mainly lives in the northeastern region. Among the four major plateaus in my country, the Loess Plateau is the topographic area with "thousands of ravines and fragments".

31. The ancient poem "When you reach the top of the mountain, you can see the mountains and small mountains at a glance" is about the famous mountain Taishan in my country. "Black land" refers to the northeastern plains of our country. The direction of Taihang Mountain is northeast-southwest.

32. my country’s largest nickel ore producing area is Jinchang, Gansu. The largest plateau lake group distribution area in the world is the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau lake group. Among my country's energy mines, coal ranks first in the world.

33. The hydropower resources of the Yangtze River are mainly concentrated in the upper reaches. The Three Gorges Project under construction is located in the Xiling Gorge of the Three Gorges.

34. The provinces and regions where the Yangtze River and the Yellow River flow together are Qinghai and Sichuan. Precipitation in most areas of my country is mainly concentrated in summer.

35. The "Three Norths" mentioned in the "Three Norths" protective forest refer to the northwest, north China, and northeast. The most harmful pollutant to marine biological resources is oil. The main land use type in southern my country is paddy fields, while the land use type in northern areas is dry fields.

36. The main climate type in the northern region is temperate monsoon climate. The main climate types in the south are subtropical monsoon climate and tropical monsoon climate. The dividing line between pastoral and agricultural areas in my country is the 400mm annual precipitation line. Lianyungang is both a seaport and the eastern "bridgehead" of the second Eurasian continental bridge.

37. The first high-tech industrial park established in my country is Zhongguancun, Beijing. The mode of transportation with the lowest freight price and the largest transportation volume is water transportation. my country's three important international airports are Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. The famous “Four Rice Markets” in Chinese history are Wuxi, Wuhu, Jiujiang and Changsha.

38. The railway line known as "China's First Line" is the Daqin Line. It has the characteristics of mobility and flexibility, and the mode of transportation from "door to door" is road transportation.

39. The main livestock species in Tibetan pastoral areas are yak, Tibetan sheep and Tibetan goats.

The main livestock species in the pastoral areas of Inner Mongolia are Sanhe horses and Sanhe cattle. The main livestock species in Xinjiang pastoral areas is fine-wool sheep. Ningxia's Tan sheep.

40. The main mode of transportation in my country is railway transportation. The food crops on the Loess Plateau are mainly drought-resistant sorghum and millet. The tropical rainforest in Xishuangbanna, my country, is mainly formed by the tropical monsoon climate.

41. my country’s “land of plenty” in the south of the Yangtze River has not formed a desert, mainly benefiting from the monsoon climate during the same period of rain and heat. The ground vegetation in northwest my country is roughly divided into grassland - desert steppe - desert from east to west. The main factor causing this difference is moisture.

42. When the sun shines directly on the 23.50N latitude, the daylight hours of the following cities (Guangzhou, Harbin, Wuhan, and Beijing) from longest to shortest should be Harbin, Beijing, Wuhan, and Guangzhou.

43. my country’s existing forest lands are mainly concentrated in the three major regions of northeast, southwest and southeast. The largest natural forest area in my country is the Northeast Forest Area. Known as the "Chinese Water Tower", the "Three Rivers" in the source area of ??the Three Rivers refer to the Yangtze River, Yellow River and Lancang River. The largest island in our country is Taiwan Island.

44. The two agricultural areas in the Qinghai-Tibet region are the Huangshui Valley and the Southern Tibet Valley. The industrial sectors of the industrial base centered on Yichang and Chongqing are electric power and metallurgical industrial bases. The industrial belt centered on Wuhan is an important position for my country's steel and light textile industries. It is a steel and coal industrial base centered on Panzhihua and Liupanshui. The industrial belt formed by cities such as Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou is my country's largest comprehensive industrial base.

45. The “West-to-East Gas Transmission” project that attracts worldwide attention starts from Lunnan and ends in Shanghai. Judging from the differences in climate conditions and agricultural production in my country, an important geographical dividing line between the north and the south is the Qinling Mountains-Huaihe River line.

46. The area where crops are harvested three times a year in my country is Hainan Province. my country's Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal starts from Hangzhou in the south and reaches Beijing in the north; the currently navigable river sections are located in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces.

47. The iron and steel industry corridor is the iron and steel industry bases such as Baoshan in Shanghai, Ma'anshan in Anhui, Wuhan in Hubei, Chongqing, and Panzhihua in Sichuan. The automobile industry corridor is the Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhan automobile industry bases and Chongqing automobile and motorcycle base.

48. The two peninsulas rich in apples in my country are the Shandong Peninsula and the Liaodong Peninsula. Summers in the south are hot, and Chongqing, Wuhan, and Nanjing are also known as my country's "three furnaces." Known as the "Land of Abundance" is the Chengdu Plain.

49. Among Taiwan’s resources, the agricultural product with the largest output in the world is camphor. Transportation is known as the “pioneer” of economic development. The main oil fields in my country include Daqing in Heilongjiang, Liaohe in Liaoning, Huabei Oilfield in Hebei, Shengli Oilfield in Shandong, Zhongyuan Oilfield between Shandong and Henan, and Karamay Oilfield in Xinjiang.

The main producing area of ??50 long-staple cotton is in Xinjiang, my country. Hong Kong is a tourist destination known as "Shoppers' Paradise" and "Pearl of the Orient". An important pillar industry in Macau's economic development is gaming tourism.

52. Postal code 10009, 10 represents the first-level administrative division, 00 represents the next-level administrative division, and 09 represents the code of the delivery office. The boundary between the monsoon area and the non-monsoon area is the Greater Hinggan Mountains - Yinshan Mountains - Helan Mountains.

53. The vegetation in southern my country is subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, while the vegetation in northern China is temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest. The reason for this distribution is temperature. The tertiary industry in Hong Kong and Macao is developed.

54. Beijing has a history of 3,000 years, and was first called Ji. Historically, the dynasties that successively established their capitals in Beijing include the Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. The layout of Beijing's old city was formed during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Taiwan has an area of ??36,000 square kilometers and a population of more than 22 million.

55. The terrain of Beijing is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. It is surrounded by mountains on three sides in the west, north and northeast, and the North China Plain (also called the Huang-Huaihai Plain) lies in the southeast. Beijing has a typical warm temperate continental monsoon climate, which is characterized by long winters and summers and short springs and autumns.

56. Beijing’s old city has a convex shape. Before that, the old city had changed several times, and the natural cause of the changes was mainly water.

Beijing in the future will become a modern metropolis.

57. Hong Kong is located on the east side of the Pearl River Estuary on the southeast coast of the motherland, adjacent to Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, while Macao is located on the west side of the Pearl River Estuary, adjacent to Zhuhai City in that province.

58. Hong Kong consists of three parts: Hong Kong Island, Kowloon, and the New Territories, and Macau consists of three parts: the Macau Peninsula, Taipa Island, and Coloane Island.

59. Hong Kong and Macao are the two special administrative regions of my country, which implement a capitalist system, while the mainland of the motherland implements a socialist system. The main ways to expand the land area in Hong Kong and Macao are "up the mountains" and "down to the sea".

60. The tertiary industry in Hong Kong and Macao is very developed. Hong Kong is an international trade center, transportation center, financial center, information service center and tourism center. It is also an international free trade port. Taiwan's terrain is mainly mountainous, with the highest peak being Yushan. The nature of the economic ties between Hong Kong and the mainland is complementary advantages and mutual benefit.

61. Taiwan Province includes Taiwan Island, as well as many nearby small islands such as the Penghu Islands and Diaoyu Islands. It is the largest island in my country. It is located in the southeast of mainland my country, facing Fujian Province of my country across the Taiwan Strait. Taiwan is rich in forest resources and is known as the "Asian Natural Botanical Garden". Camphor tree is the most famous tree species.

62. Taiwan is known as the "Pearl on the Southeast Sea of ??the Motherland". In addition to this reputation, there are also "Rice Barns on the Sea", "Oriental Sweet Island", "Hometown of Fruits", and "Land of Forests". "Sea", "Southeast Salt Storehouse", "Kingdom of Aquatic Products", "Treasure Land of Minerals", "Hometown of Camphor".

63. Taiwan focuses on developing the export processing industry and forming an "import-processing-export" economy. Representatives of Taiwan's high-tech industry at Hsinchu Science Park. The distribution characteristic of Taiwan's industry is that it is mainly distributed in the western coastal areas.

64. The favorable factors for the development of Taiwan's export-oriented economy include a large number of educated and trained workers, multiple ports on the island, the absorption of foreign capital, the vigorous construction of export processing zones, and Taiwan's policy of encouraging the development of export processing.

65. The largest desert in my country is the Takolamakan Desert, located in the Tarim Basin. The only outflow river in my country that flows into the Arctic Ocean is the Irtysh River. The longest inland river in my country is the Tarim River.

66. The topography of Xinjiang can be summarized as "three mountains sandwiched by two basins". The topographic feature of Xinjiang is that the Tianshan Mountains divide Xinjiang into northern and southern parts, with the Junggar Basin in the north and the Tarim Basin in the south.

67. Xinjiang is located in the western border of my country and is the largest province in my country. The most prominent natural features are scarce precipitation and arid climate. The capital city of the province is Urumqi, located in the Junggar Basin.

68. The agricultural characteristic of Xinjiang is oasis agriculture. Based on the unique light and heat conditions, it is rich in specialty agricultural products such as cotton, sugar beets, and various fruits. The red series in Xinjiang include: tomatoes, pomegranates, wolfberries, etc. The reason is that there is sufficient heat and strong light in summer, which is conducive to the coloring of fruits. The reason why melons and fruits are particularly sweet: The large temperature difference between day and night in summer is conducive to the accumulation of sugar in melon and fruit sugar crops. The hot and dry climate in summer and stable irrigation water sources make Xinjiang a high-quality cotton production base in my country. Xinjiang is rich in oil and gas resources, with reserves accounting for about 1/3 of the country's total land reserves, making it an important energy base in my country.

69. An ancient water conservancy facility in Xinjiang is the karez, which is distributed in oasis areas and avoids large amounts of evaporation caused by water flow. The main crops of "oasis agriculture" are wheat, corn, and sorghum.

70. The surface landscape of the northwest region is manifested in four aspects: ① The terrain is dominated by plateaus and basins, with significant wind erosion. ②The surface landscape from east to west is characterized by vegetation changes from grassland to desert grassland to desert. ③There are few rivers and many internal rivers. ④Farmland, villages, towns, and cities are mostly distributed in strips or points along rivers or water sources in the foothills.

71. (1) The starting and ending points of the West-East Gas Transmission Project: Lunnan, Xinjiang----Shanghai. The provincial capital cities it passes through include Zhengzhou, Nanjing and Shanghai.

(2) The benefits of the West-East Gas Transmission Project to the east and west:

① It can enable large-scale development of local natural gas resources.

② Natural gas products can be transported to the eastern market in large quantities. ③Can quickly increase local fiscal revenue. ④ It can drive the development of other related industries and increase employment opportunities. ⑤ It can alleviate the energy shortage problem in the eastern region. ⑥ Natural gas is a clean energy source and is very beneficial to environmental improvement in the eastern region.

① Significance to the starting point: develop oil and gas resources in the western region, develop economic construction there, and transform resource advantages into economic advantages; ② Effect to the end point: ease the tight energy supply situation in the eastern region and improve Energy consumption structure; ③ Impact on areas along the line: Promote the development of related industries in provinces and regions along the line.

72. In the east of the northwest region is the vast and open Inner Mongolia Plateau; in the west are majestic mountains and huge inland basins alternately distributed. The northwest region is the region with the widest east-west longitude in the country.

73. Xinjiang has thousands of oases, large and small, which are major agricultural bases. It has high temperatures and sufficient sunlight in summer, and the temperature difference between day and night is large (climate). Suitable for the growth of a variety of crops. In oasis areas with abundant water resources, people built water conservancy facilities such as diversion canals, irrigation canals, and karez wells to develop distinctive irrigation agriculture.

74. The key to developing agriculture in arid areas is: appropriate use of water resources and selection of appropriate crop types.

75. In addition to technological improvement and improvement, agricultural development should also be directed towards: deep processing of agricultural products, brand benefits of Grape Valley, industrialization of agriculture, development of characteristic agriculture, etc. It is necessary to obtain both economic and ecological benefits.

76. (1) The northwest Hetao area, the Ningxia Plain, the Hexi Corridor and the foothills of the Tianshan Mountains: irrigated agriculture (water source: river water, melted water from mountain ice and snow).

(2), Yarlung Zangbo River Valley and Huangshui Valley in Qinghai-Tibet Region: Valley Agriculture. (3), Xinjiang: oasis agriculture.

77. The export-oriented economy of the Pearl River Delta region emerged in the 1980s. The favorable conditions for its emergence and development are: superior geographical location (close to Hong Kong and Macao); convenient sea and land transportation; many places are famous The "hometown of overseas Chinese" has facilitated the attraction of large amounts of foreign investment, introduced advanced technical equipment, business management methods, and the latest industrial and commercial scientific and technological information, and established a large number of processing and manufacturing enterprises that require excessive labor force, such as textile and clothing manufacturing industries. , electronic and communication equipment manufacturing, electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing, toy manufacturing, etc.

78. The cooperation between Hong Kong and Macao and the Pearl River Delta region is based on the "front shop and back factory" model, in which Hong Kong and Macao play the role of "shop", the Pearl River Delta plays the role of "factory", and Hong Kong and Macao play the role of "factory". In the front, the Pearl River Delta is in the back, and they cooperate closely with each other, so they are vividly called "the store in front and the factory in the back".

79. The urban development in the Pearl River Delta region is marked by significant changes in land use patterns, mainly due to the prosperity of the export-oriented economy and major adjustments to the industrial structure.

79. Urbanization can promote economic development, improve people's living standards and social progress, but can also bring about a series of environmental problems (water pollution, air quality decline, garbage piles, green space reduction, etc.) and Social problems (traffic congestion, vehicle congestion, noise pollution, housing shortage, etc.).

80. The natural factors causing water and soil erosion on the Loess Plateau are ① bare and broken ground, high density of ravines, few flat lands, many slopes, lack of protection from vegetation, ② loose, porous and upright loess structure Cracks in the direction; many substances are easily soluble in water. ③Precipitation is concentrated in July and August. Human factors include people's reclamation, mining, road construction and other activities, which loosen the surface.

81. Most of the Loess Plateau has a temperate monsoon climate, with hot summers and cold winters, and precipitation is concentrated in summer and autumn. The terrain along the Yangtze River is low and flat, and the terrain is mainly plains and hills.

82. Soil and water erosion in the Loess Plateau has taken away the fertile soil on the surface, reducing crop yields; increasing, expanding, and deepening ravines. As a result, the area of ??cultivated land has been reduced; a large amount of sediment has also been transported to the lower reaches of the Yellow River, causing great difficulties in river regulation and flood control.

83. The three most famous towers in Chinese history are Yellow Crane Tower, Yueyang Tower and Tengwang Pavilion.

The difference in terrain between the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the middle and lower reaches is: the upper reaches are mountainous, while the middle and lower reaches are plains and hills.

84. The area along the Yangtze River has a subtropical monsoon climate, with hot summers, mild winters, and four distinct seasons; precipitation is abundant, with annual precipitation exceeding 1,000mm. China's development will still be the first priority for a long time to come.

85. The area along the Yangtze River is rich in ferrous metal minerals and other resources, such as the tungsten mine in Dayu, Jiangxi, the antimony mine in Lengshuijiang, Hunan, the lead-zinc mine in Lengshuikou Mountain, Hunan, the copper mine in Dexing, Jiangxi, iron The mines are mainly located in: Daye, Hubei, Ma'anshan, Anhui, and Panzhihua, Sichuan. The coal is mainly produced in: Panzhihua, Sichuan, Liupanshui, Guizhou, and natural gas in Zigong, Sichuan.

86. The city known as the “thorough of nine provinces” is Wuhan. The largest city in our country is Shanghai, which is also the largest port in our country. The major cities along the Yangtze River include Chongqing, Wuhan, Nanjing, and Shanghai.

86. The riverside zone with the Yangtze River as the axis, the coastal economic belt running through the north and south, and the vast area in the west form the pattern of the English letter "H".

87. Located at the mouth of the Yangtze River, Shanghai is the largest port in the country.

88. The world in the 21st century is a world where the economy is becoming globalized. On the other hand, mankind is facing problems such as population, resources, and environment, which require joint efforts from all countries in the world to solve them.

89. To achieve sustainable development in a region, it needs to make full use of favorable geographical conditions, rationally transform unfavorable geographical conditions, maximize strengths and avoid weaknesses, and develop the economy in accordance with local conditions. At the same time, we must also pay attention to strengthening the connections between regions, giving full play to their respective advantages, dividing labor and cooperation, and achieving mutual benefit, so that resources can be fully utilized and complementary advantages can be achieved.

78. The Loess Plateau starts from the Taihang Mountains in the east, Wushaoling Mountains in the west, Qinling Mountains in the south, and the Great Wall in the north. It spans Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi and other provinces and regions.

79. The loess material in the Loess Plateau is formed by wind. The main landforms of the Loess Plateau include Loess Plateau, Loess Mao and Loess Liang. Areas with serious acid rain pollution in the Yangtze River Basin and nearby areas include acid rain areas in Southwest, Central China, and East China.

80. my country’s four major geographical regions: According to the geographical location, natural and human geography characteristics of each place, my country can be divided into four major geographical regions.

①The basis for dividing the southern and northern regions is: climate conditions (Qinling-Huaihe line).

②Northern and northwest regions: precipitation (400 mm annual precipitation line).

③The basis for dividing the Qinghai-Tibet region and the southern, northwest and northern regions: topographic factors (high altitude).

82. Name my country’s two basic national conditions: its vast territory and large regional differences; China is a large developing country with a large population and low per capita GDP.