Dalian historical and cultural papers

History and culture are precious resources of the city, and they are the elements to shape the image of Dalian. Dalian has a long history and culture in ancient times, and it is more distinctive in modern times. The following are the contents of Dalian historical and cultural papers I collected for you. Welcome to read the reference!

Dalian historical and cultural paper 1

Research on the Protection of Historical and Cultural Blocks in Dalian Abstract: In recent years, the pace of development and construction in Dalian has been accelerated, the area of the new district has increased, and the construction quality has been continuously improved. However, the improvement of the construction quality of historical and cultural blocks that can represent Dalian's history has been delayed, leading to the gradual lack of urban characteristics and style. Strengthen the protection of historical and cultural blocks, so that the historical context and urban memory can be passed on, and the blocks themselves can adapt to the changes in the environment and develop themselves; Ensure the overall protection of historical and cultural blocks, excavate and strengthen historical features, improve environmental quality and improve regional functions.

Keywords: protection and development of historical and cultural blocks in Dalian

I. Overview of the current situation

Since the founding of New China, great changes have taken place in the hinterland of Dalian, and its scale has been further expanded. At the same time, we also attach great importance to the protection and utilization of historical and cultural resources in urban planning. At present, the relatively complete historical and cultural blocks mainly include: Shengli Bridge North Historical and Cultural Block, Nanshan Historical and Cultural Block, Heishijiao Historical and Cultural Block and Zhongshan Square Historical and Cultural Block.

The historical and cultural block in the north of Shengli Bridge was formed during the lease period in Russia (1898- 1904), which was the administrative district of Russia at that time. The Dalian Municipal Government Office and other Russian institutions are concentrated here, and municipal officials, port and urban construction engineers and technicians, offices of Dong Qing Railway Company, Russian railway workers' dormitories, clubs, hospitals, chambers of commerce and parks are also set up here. In addition to administrative office functions, it is also a Russian residential area. Residential plots are divided into unified plots, two or three-story semi-wood structures or garden-style houses, with logs in the middle. Due to years of disrepair, the buildings in this block began to fall into disrepair. In the 1990s, the Dalian Municipal Government carried out protective renovation on both sides of Tuanjie Street, forming a street with a unique Russian style. At present, many buildings in the block are dilapidated, and most residents in the block are unemployed floating population.

The historical and cultural block of Zhongshan Square was formed during the Japanese-Russian occupation of Dalian. During the Russian occupation (1898- 1904), the city was planned into three districts: administrative district, Europa district and China district. Europa District is now a historical protection block of Zhongshan Square and the center of the city. The planned Moscow Avenue (Renmin Road and Zhongshan Road east of Qingniwa Bridge) runs through the east and west, and the planned wharf and railway station are located here, with convenient transportation. The main axis of the urban area is planned to lead from Haigang Square to Zhongshan Square and directly to Xiyuan Moscow Street (Zhongshan Road and Renmin Road). It connects several squares in series, connects the pier with the central square, and then reaches China Theatre (Popular Theatre) through the European market. During the Japanese occupation of Dalian (1905- 1945), the Russian military plan was implemented, and in 1909, large public buildings such as Dalian Civil Affairs Department (now Dalian Industrial and Commercial Bank) were arranged around the square. In terms of road squares and trams, the earliest implementation was Russian planning, and a large square with a diameter of 2 13 meters was built, which is now Zhongshan Square. The historical block of Zhongshan Square is well protected, and the historical buildings around the square are well protected. The function of the block is still commercial finance, but the historical buildings inside the block have been damaged to some extent.

The historical and cultural block of Heishijiao began in the period of Russian occupation of Dalian (1898- 1904), which is a high-grade residential area for Russian officials and rich people. Dalian was a Japanese residential area during the Japanese occupation (1905- 1945). At present, this area is used by the army and its function is still residential, but the historical buildings in the block have been damaged to some extent.

Nanshan historical and cultural block is a Japanese residential area during the Japanese occupation period. Most of the buildings are all-wood-structure buildings, and their shapes combine European classical style and Japanese style, which has high aesthetic value. Due to the beautiful scenery and habitability in Nanshan area, many historical figures have lived here, including Zhang, Lin Biao, Meng Tiancheng, founder of Pok Oi Hospital, Spanish consul in Sun and German consul. In recent years, through small-scale renovation and new construction, some villas have been built in imitation of Japanese style, forming a Japanese street in the form of pedestrian street, with Japanese pubs, restaurants and clubs on both sides, which has become one of the highlights of urban tourism.

These historical blocks reflect the development history of Dalian's urban construction, which is a solidified memory in the urban development. Each historical block represents different historical characteristics and is the only historical memory of Dalian, but due to disrepair and? Alternative destruction? Some historical blocks are losing their original features and are in danger of further destruction, so it is urgent to protect them.

Second, the principle of protection

1, adhere to the principle of paying equal attention to historical protection and organic renewal.

There are a lot of historical sites in the historical block. Do a good job in the protection of the overall spatial pattern and road network texture of historical blocks, do a good job in the restoration, mapping and archiving of cultural relics and historical buildings, and adhere to the principle of historical protection of historical blocks. Prevent large-scale demolition and construction, and realize the gradual organic renewal of historical blocks.

2, adhere to the principle of overall development of new and old cities.

Some functions of historical blocks can be evacuated to surrounding plots or other urban areas to promote the coordination and overall development of historical blocks.

3. Adhere to the principle of functional enhancement and overall style protection.

On the premise of fully respecting the historical environment and protecting the historical culture, we should rationally develop and utilize some historical blocks and improve their functions. Urban construction and development should have a historical perspective, focus on the historical evolution of urban functions and urban features, and form a material form that adapts to the natural and historical pattern of the city.

4. Adhere to the principles of public participation and management innovation.

The protection of historical blocks is different from the general urban construction. Whether it is the restoration and protection of cultural relics, the renovation of houses and the improvement of infrastructure conditions in historical blocks, or the restoration and construction of the overall urban pattern and water system, a lot of investment is needed. It should arouse the common concern of the society and promote the public to actively participate in historical protection. At the same time, through the formation of non-governmental organizations, foundations, non-profit organizations and other forms, citizens and people from all walks of life are encouraged to directly participate in the protection work, institutional innovation is encouraged, and the government is assisted to jointly promote the protection and renewal of historical blocks.

Third, protection and renewal strategies.

1, historical protection strategy

Pay attention to aborigines and local culture. The inheritance and continuation of the cultural heritage of historical blocks need a certain carrier. Cultural relics and historic buildings in the block are static and silent carriers; Nearby aborigines are carriers of dynamic sound. To protect historical blocks, it is necessary to retain the aborigines and their original way of life and interest in life, which is the real protection. The functional continuity and industrial development of historical blocks are based on local intangible culture, and they are not replaced by foreign culture. In addition, everyone tries to put intangible culture? Tangible By giving tangible places and carriers to intangible culture, create? Dynamic life scene? Realize the inheritance of block culture.

Increase the number of cultural relics protection units. At present, most of the registered cultural relics units are public buildings of that year, such as schools and banks. We should organize the next expansion of cultural relics units and add historical buildings reflecting historical lifestyles to the list of cultural relics protection.

2. Perceptual experience strategy

As a tourist city with beautiful mountains and seas, Dalian should strengthen the openness of mountainous areas and coastal areas around the block, realize the open space of mountainous areas and coastal areas, and combine the protection of historical heritage with urban open space. In order to better perceive and experience the distinctive spatial pattern and open space, landscape roads, landscape corridors and signage systems should be set up. Reserve offshore passages and sea-watching corridors; Reserve a mountain passage and design a viewing platform on the mountain; Set up the historical route of perceptual sightseeing cities, and design stops and browsing routes in combination with historical value areas.

3. Policy support strategies

In terms of policy support, we should consider giving relatively preferential policy support to industrial enterprises relocated in historical blocks, such as giving preferential land policies. At the same time, improve the participation mechanism of non-governmental forces, and think that to promote the development of non-governmental forces in the protection of intangible culture of historical blocks, it must be placed in the complementary relationship between the state and society, and the government needs a strong impetus to improve its participation mechanism in the protection of historical blocks. The responsibility of heritage protection should be effectively dispersed to all levels of society through legislation. On the basis of perfecting relevant laws, a platform for dialogue and cooperation between relevant individuals and groups should be established to coordinate conflicts among different interest groups and ensure fairness and openness in participating in cooperation mechanisms.

References:

[1] You Kun, Wang Huaxin. A case study on the protection and development of historical and cultural blocks at home and abroad. City, 20 12, (0 1)

[2] Zhao Zhongshu, Hu Min. Re-exploration of the protection of historical and cultural blocks. Modern Urban Studies, 20 12, (10)

[3] Jerry Lee. Historical and cultural blocks? Generation, interpretation and discrimination of related concepts. Planner, 20 1 1, (04)

Dalian Historical and Cultural Papers II

Dalian Folk Culture from the Perspective of Immigration History

Dalian is a city composed of immigrants, and its history and scale are unique in the cultures of various regions in China. Dalian folk culture is a blend of Shandong folk customs, flag folk customs, Northeast folk customs and other cultures, with distinctive local cultural characteristics.

Keywords Dalian; Immigrants; folk custom

Dalian, located at the southernmost tip of Liaodong Peninsula, is a sea passage connecting Baishan Blackwater and the Central Plains in the hinterland of Northeast China, and its geographical position is very important. Studying the ancient history of Dalian, we will find a phenomenon: due to its special geographical location, Dalian has suffered many times. Catastrophe? They were often destroyed in previous wars. After the establishment of the new regime, the ruling class will take various measures to immigrate to Dalian and the productive forces will develop again. Then there will be a new round of war, people will be displaced again and Dalian will be destroyed again. Then, after the new regime is stable, re-immigrate and continue to develop. It can be said that Dalian has a large scale of immigrants. The long history of immigrants is unique in the cultures of various regions in China.

First, Shandong immigrants and their folk culture

The ancestors of the old Dalian people are basically Shandong people, and Dalian culture is obviously influenced by Shandong culture, especially the coastal culture in eastern Shandong. At present, the ancestors of Shandong immigrants in Dalian can be traced back to the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. The war in the late Ming Dynasty was another devastating blow in Dalian's history, with a serious population decline. Later, with the increasing stability of the Qing dynasty, the population of Dalian increased, most of which were from Shandong? P Hebei? P Jiangsu and Zhejiang immigrants, especially Shandong immigrants. This is the so-called? To the east? Phenomenon. People who entered Liaodong from the sea first passed through Dalian, so Dalian became the new home of many Shandong people. Shandong's customs and culture naturally spread to Dalian.

In fact, for Shandong itself, there are also immigrants in Shandong. For example, in the early Ming dynasty, the court implemented it? Immigrating to the countryside? From the second year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty to Yongle, a large number of immigrants moved from Shanxi to Binzhou, Dezhou, Jining, Liaocheng, Heze and Taian in Shandong, and some of them moved eastward. Therefore, Shanxi immigrants are almost all over Shandong, and Shanxi customs affect the whole Shandong. Another example is that most Sichuanese who immigrated to Shandong in the early Ming Dynasty concentrated in Laizhou, forming a unique custom in Laizhou. Of course, many people from other areas immigrated to Shandong, so the folk customs in Shandong are different.

Forced by life, Shandong immigrants left their homes and came to sparsely populated Dalian. Immigrants overcame many difficulties with incomparable courage and heroism and took root in Dalian. The hometown across the sea is an unforgettable spiritual home for every Shandong person, so generations of Shandong immigrants and their descendants stubbornly preserved the folk customs on the land of Jiaodong, and passed them down from generation to generation with extremely strong willpower, integrating a large number of folk customs from all over Shandong into Dalian's folk culture. For example, in the old days, before the Spring Festival, the off-year ended, the kitchen god offered sacrifices, and Weihai and other places would steam cakes on another day. Is the cake divided into dates? Jujube? What about those without dates? Bald? Two kinds. Anybody else want to steam some? Holy bug? And then what? Gourd? Put them on the washbasin and windowsill respectively, called. Face cylinder? 、? Press the windowsill? Until the second day of the second lunar month? The dragon looks up? Take it out and eat it when you are ready. This custom has been preserved in the homes of old Dalian people. Another example is the god of offering sacrifices to stoves, which is popular in Shandong and the Central Plains. This is also a festival custom that Dalian people must do. There is also the folk custom that Shanxi people don't make a fire to cook during the Cold Food Festival, which has long been brought to Shandong by Shanxi immigrants, and this heritage can also be seen in Dalian.

Second, flag-bearer immigrants and their folk culture

Some immigrants in Dalian are descendants of flag bearers. The Eight Banners Culture is a unique culture during Manchu rule. The Qing government sent a large number of Eight Banners soldiers stationed in the present Liaoning area, including Dalian. The Eight Banners come from Beijing, and also from Heilongjiang and other places. Stationed in Dalian? Eight banners? The soldiers were divided into 12 flags, including Manchu Eight Banners, Mongolian Banner and Han Nationality Three Banners. The area south of Jinzhou is dominated by the Han army. The yellow and white flags are stationed. What was the name of the person who was incorporated into the national flag at that time? Flag bearer? What's the name of the person not included in the flag? People? . There are quite a few old residents in Dalian who are descendants of the Eight Banners of the Qing Dynasty (to be precise, many of them should belong to the standard bearers of the Han army), so the custom culture of the Eight Banners of Manchuria has also been integrated into the local culture of Dalian.

Since the Qing Dynasty, there has been an obvious phenomenon of the coexistence of Manchu and Chinese cultures in Dalian. For example, on New Year's Eve of the Spring Festival, there is often a wooden pole in the yard of Manchu people, which is several feet high. At the top of the pole is a shallow square iron bucket, which contains the five internal organs of pigs for crows and magpies to eat. According to legend, this is because crows and magpies once saved the life of the Qing emperor Nurhachi. In order to repay crows and magpies for saving their lives, Manchu people formed such a custom.

This custom can still be seen in rural Dalian. Another example is the Manchu people's housing custom of honoring the West Room. The elders in the family generally live in the West Room to show their respect for the elders. This custom has been preserved in some rural areas of Dalian. Of course, from these cultural customs, we can also see obvious traces of Manchu-Chinese cultural integration. For example, in terms of housing arrangement, the biggest custom in the West Room is not obvious, and sometimes the biggest custom in the east of the Han nationality is retained. Moreover, when offering sacrifices to ancestors in festivals, Manchu people usually offer sacrifices to ancestral tablets in the West Room and the West Wall, while Hanqi people offer sacrifices to genealogies with distinctive Han characteristics, often in the Central Temple. This is different from Manchu customs.

Three. Immigrants and their folk culture since modern times

When Westernization School developed Lushunkou in the late Qing Dynasty, it carried out an immigration around Dalian's coastal defense construction, which was a selective high-quality immigration in Dalian's history. At that time, the Qing government recruited a group of skilled craftsmen from Shandong and Tianjin, and the government paid their wages. These people can be regarded as the first generation of industrial workers in China. Later, Russia and Japan ruled Dalian, and the colonial authorities also came from Shandong? P Hebei and other places and Jiangsu and Zhejiang recruit a large number of laborers. It can be said that the old residents of Dalian are basically ancestors who immigrated to Dalian for various reasons.

Dalian, located at the southernmost tip of the three northeastern provinces, has always had a great influence on the cultural development of the hinterland of Northeast China and Inner Mongolia. In the same way, the black land culture in the northeast has also had a great influence on Dalian culture. Since the reform and opening up, with the development of Dalian city, Dalian has played a role as a model and a driving role in the development of the whole Northeast, attracting outstanding talents from all over the country, especially from the three northeastern provinces and Inner Mongolia. New immigrants from cities have also brought new immigrant culture to Dalian's cultural construction. The folk culture of Black Land and Inner Mongolia Prairie gradually influenced Bincheng Dalian. Walking in the streets of Dalian, as long as you pay a little attention, you will see the Northeast Restaurant with the characteristics of Northeast food culture and the hot pot city with the eating habits of Inner Mongolia prairie.

Dalian is a city composed of immigrants, and the immigrant culture has cast Dalian's local culture. Is the folk culture of Dalian Jiaodong culture, Manchu culture, Eight Banners culture and Mongolian grassland culture? P Northeast culture, marine culture, farming culture, commercial culture, traditional culture, modern culture, eastern culture, western culture, etc. After a long period of integration, it has finally formed a cultural system with distinctive local characteristics, which is different from other cultures.

Historical and cultural papers 3

On Urban Culture and Urban Historical and Cultural Protection

This paper discusses the significance of culture to urban development and the core of protecting urban culture from the perspective of urban culture. It is pointed out that the protection of urban history and culture must achieve the unity of form and connotation and continue the unique culture of the city.

Keywords: city; Culture; History; protect

When planning a city, whether it is development strategy, overall planning or urban design, we always start with the interpretation of a city. This interpretation is mainly in two aspects: on the one hand, it is the interpretation of the urban material environment, including geographical conditions, climate conditions, road network pattern, urban form and so on; On the other hand, it is the interpretation of urban economic environment, including regional economic status, urban economic level and so on. If the two are compared to the two eyes to interpret the city, then urban culture is the third eye to interpret the city.

First, the third eye of culture.

Cities are the product and symbol of human civilization. Urban culture is a historical category developed in a specific space. The culture of a city is the unity of diversity and identity. Even though the two cities are very similar in architectural style, in essence, people living in cities will have completely different social cognition. Therefore, in addition to studying the driving force of urban development from the material and economic perspectives, we must also study the internal driving force of urban development from the cultural perspective.

Another reason to interpret the city from a cultural perspective Under the influence of the global economy, China's own traditional culture is being impacted by more and more foreign cultures. Therefore, interpreting the meaning of a city from the perspective of culture is not only to understand the internal driving force of urban development, but also an important means to refine the essence of urban culture and maintain its own characteristics in the process of globalization.

Second, the importance of protecting urban history and culture

Based on the above two points, the significance of taking culture as one of the important factors to understand the city in the planning process is that we must pay attention to protecting the history and culture of a city and make the urban culture have certain continuity. Therefore, the significance of protecting urban history and culture lies in:

1, protect the development context of the city and let the urban culture attached to the urban material entity continue;

2. Enrich the space and culture of the city, so that the urban culture in each development stage can blend with each other, thus reacting to the urban object and enriching the space and culture of the city;

3. It has the function of education and aftertaste, and makes urban residents have a sense of identity.

Third, the principle of protecting urban history and culture.

As one of the material carriers of urban history and culture, the old urban area is a part of the city and an organism with vitality. To maintain the charm and continuity of urban culture, it is necessary to preserve the buildings in the old city? Truth? This is the most fundamental principle to protect urban history and culture.

? Truth? It is a measure of the internal unity of architectural expression and cultural significance in the old district. The significance of maintaining the authenticity of old buildings lies in that, on the one hand, they have important tangible values such as history and aesthetics, on the other hand, there are hidden meanings related to their values behind these buildings, which are the material carriers of their spiritual significance. Therefore, the physical entities such as buildings in the old district will lose their cultural significance without it? Truth? , itself can only be a bunch of meaningless components.

Four. My opinion on the protection methods of urban history and culture

The trend and requirements of urban development are unstoppable. When the city is undergoing a large-scale renewal, how to transform the old city and how to preserve the city's history and culture are lost: on the one hand, the deteriorating living environment in the old city, on the other hand, more and more investors are afraid that they will not get a return after investing.

In order to break this deadlock, the government has introduced various preferential policies, formulated industrial orientation, and vigorously promoted the speed of old city reconstruction. Because the government has established investors' confidence in the transformation of the old city, the speed of the transformation of the old city in major cities is beyond imagination. However, with this process, a large number of urban landscapes with historical and cultural significance in the old city disappeared and were replaced by commercial development and aristocratic areas. Especially in big cities, the trend of commercialization and aristocratization is particularly obvious.

Therefore, due to the transformation of the old city, precious urban history and culture have lost their authenticity. The reason for this phenomenon is that the protection and reuse of historical buildings in the old city is a way in which many subjects participate together, and the result is inevitably not dominated and controlled by some of them. Among these subjects, the decision-maker is the government, the stakeholders are the public, enterprises and owners directly involved, and the participants are social groups and experts.

Government-the government is the most important subject in the old city reconstruction and the protection of historical buildings, and plays a vital role in the protection and reuse of historical buildings. The responsibility of the government is all-round development, not only historical and cultural protection, but also other issues such as economic development and social stability.

The public (social group)-as the main body of a city's historical and cultural protection, actually refers to the urban citizens who were born here, grew up here, and pinned their hopes for future generations' development on this place.

Enterprise (owner)-Under the market economy, the essence of an enterprise is to pursue the maximization of economic benefits. All kinds of capital pursue the potential economic benefits of history and culture, but the value orientation of enterprises is often dominated by direct economic benefits.

Experts-including experts and scholars from different industries such as cultural relics, architecture and planning-can stand at the forefront of the times and grasp the direction in value orientation. Experts are used to judging things according to their own knowledge and value standards, and become a kind of? A few professionals express their will and use it as a means to regulate the behavior of various groups and individuals in the city? .

Because of the different starting points of interests, different value orientations and diversified interests of each subject, there are complex game behaviors in the process of old city reconstruction. In this multi-agent network, the government, experts and enterprises are basically the controllers, leaders and implementers in the whole process of protection, development and renewal. Fundamentally speaking, they decided the implementation direction of the old city reconstruction. The public and social organizations are only in the position of supervision and suggestion, and have no substantive grasp of the overall development.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) The role of government in urban cultural protection

We regard the city as the sum of matter and spirit, and realize that the existence of urban culture can reflect the personality and characteristics of the city, and maintaining the continuity of urban culture and ensuring the interests of all social strata are the key to their successful protection of the old city and development of the new city.

As the main role of distributing social public resources, the government's values and working methods have great influence on the protection of history and culture. Therefore, in order to make our urban culture continue, it is necessary for the government to make efforts in the following two aspects:

1, establish a correct concept of protection.

To a great extent, the government's value orientation directly affects the public's interests. If the government can always put the public interest in the first place and regard urban architecture and urban culture as an inseparable unity, then in the process of old city reconstruction and historical building protection and reuse, it is difficult to have a breeding ground for commercialization and aristocratization.

Therefore, it is necessary for the government to establish a correct concept of protection. First of all, it is necessary to put the transformation of old areas and the reuse of historical buildings on? Public interest? Generally speaking, at the same time, the protection of historical culture and historical buildings should be placed in the same important position, so that the history and culture of the city can be continued and the interests of the public can be guaranteed.

2. Provide a good protection mechanism.

After the change of ideas, there must be a good guarantee for machine manufacturing. This mechanism must include good protection planning, effective development mode and strict management system.

? A good protection plan? Refers to the protection planning in addition to the material factors that must be considered in the planning, but also to consider other intangible factors such as humanities, history and society.

? Effective development model? Refers to the development mode that breaks through the general development mode in order to balance the transformation cost and maintain the authenticity of history and culture.

? Strict management system? It means that in the process of examination and approval of renovation, every link of construction and renovation and every idea of reuse must have a strict demonstration system and a serious evaluation process to ensure the authenticity of history and culture.

In the whole process of transformation and reuse, public participation must also run through the whole process as a legal procedure.

Conclusion of intransitive verbs

Interpreting and understanding the city from a cultural perspective can help us better grasp the direction of urban development and discover the characteristics of the city. And how to protect the history and culture of the city, there are still quite a few problems to be overcome. These problems are not only in planning techniques, but also in management mode, operation and even people's values.

Therefore, to respect the city's history and culture, it is necessary to protect the city's entity and culture in a unified way, so that the city can continue in space and culture. This is the long-term vitality of a city.

References:

1、? The authenticity of cultural heritage protection? Ruan Yisan Linlin? Ideal space? The fourth series

2、? Re-understanding of the protection system of historical and cultural cities under the market economy ―― Taking Qufu as an example? Liu Haitao Zhu Xin photo? Ideal space? The fourth series

3、? Ecological view of urban historical protection? Zhang Song? Urban planning magazine? 1992 Phase IV

4、? Values of Historical Site Protection: Pursuing Sustainable Resources, Environment and Benefits? Where is Zhao? Urban planning magazine? 1999 Phase I

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