What does the specification include?

Question 1: What does the specification mean? Qualitative information management of engineering operation or behavior. Mainly because it can't be accurately quantified, it is called specification.

Gauge: ruler; Fan: Mildew. These two are binding instruments for things and substances respectively, which together are "norms" and expand into binding force for thinking and behavior. Besides laws, regulations and disciplines, theories, theories and mathematical models are also normative. Ethics also belongs to the norm.

Note: Specifications may be related to activities (such as program documents, process specifications and test specifications) or products (such as product specifications, performance specifications and drawings).

Norms refer to the standards of behavior established by groups. They can be formally defined by the organization or informally formed. If logistics enterprises want to be unique, they need to standardize their behaviors and influence their decisions and actions.

1. Typical.

Preface to the Book: "Therefore, it is grand and supreme, showing that the people are masters of the country and standardized." Lu Yun's poem "Answering Brother's Plain" in the Jin Dynasty: "Today I am stubborn and don't obey the rules." The preface to the Tang Dynasty's "Liu Yue Night Banquet" said: "It is the normal state of later generations to taste the customs and customs." Old five dynasties history? Liang's Biography of the Empress Dowager said: "It is a norm for a gentleman to honor his ancestors and serve the Empress Dowager without losing his luster."

2. Scale and specifications.

Uncle Song? Book of Rites II: "Its walls are standardized, so it is advisable to plan the ancestral temple. Two tenths, so it should be O. "Hong Song Mai" Yi Jian Gui Zhi? Xuefeng: "Elder Xue, the abbot has been nine years. When I was two years old in Xi, I built the Pilu Pavilion in the temple, which is very safe, magnificent and standardized. "Surprise at the Second Moment" Volume 5: "This is the normal state of a big family." Zou Taofen's News from Zong Ping 99: "In the last newsletter, the reporter talked about the latest equipment of Pravda, the largest standard daily newspaper in the Soviet Union. "

3. Predicates conform to the pattern.

"Chen Shu? "Biography of Wang Boshan in Poyang": "Therefore, it is possible to promote the five movements, standardize the hundred kings, solidify the roots, and clone the world. "Nan Xie, Wen Xin Diao Long? Melting and cutting: "The specification ontology is called G, and cutting floating characters is called cutting. "

4. Established or clearly defined standards.

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Question 3: What is the specific content of the building code? Building code: the minimum requirements for building safety, quality, function, etc. put forward by * * * authorized institutions. These requirements exist in the form of documents, forming building specifications, such as fire protection specifications, building spacing specifications, building module standards, etc. 1.0. 1

In order to ensure that buildings meet the basic requirements of applicability, safety and hygiene, these general rules are formulated as the same rules that must be observed in the design of various civil buildings.

Scope of application of Article 1.0.2

These general rules are applicable to all kinds of newly built, expanded and rebuilt civil buildings in cities all over the country.

Note: According to Article 2 of the Regulations on Urban Planning issued by the State Council, the cities mentioned in this article refer to municipalities, cities, towns (established towns) and county towns without towns.

Relationship between Article 1.0.3 and other specifications

In addition to these general principles, the design of civil buildings should also implement the relevant design standards, norms and regulations promulgated by the state or professional departments.

Article 65438 +0.0.4 Durable life of buildings

The building durability determined by the main structure is divided into the following four grades:

First-class durability 100 or above, suitable for important buildings and high-rise buildings.

The secondary durability is 50 ~ 100 years, which is suitable for general buildings.

The third-class durability is 25 ~ 50 years, which is suitable for second-class buildings.

Grade 4 durability less than 15 is suitable for temporary buildings.

Article 1.0.5 division of height and floor of civil buildings

1. Residential buildings are divided into: 1 ~ 3 floors are low floors; 4 ~ 6 layers are multi-layered; 7 ~ 9 floors are middle and high floors; The floors above 10 are high-rise buildings.

Two, public buildings and comprehensive buildings with a total height of more than 24m are high-rise buildings (excluding single-storey main buildings with a height of more than 24m).

3. When the building height is greater than 100m, both residential buildings and public buildings are super high-rise.

Article 1.0.6 Building Thermal Design

The thermal design of buildings should adapt to the regional climate. According to the Code for Thermal Design of Civil Buildings, the whole country is divided into the following four regions:

Severe cold area (area I): the area where the annual average Leng Yue temperature is ≤- 10℃.

Cold region (Zone II): the region where the annual average temperature in Leng Yue is >-10℃ and ≤0℃.

Warm Zone (Zone III): the zone where the annual average temperature in Leng Yue is greater than 0℃ and the hottest month average temperature is less than +28℃.

Hot area (Ⅳ area): the area where the average temperature of the hottest month for many years is ≥+28℃.

Article 1.0.7 Basic design principles

In addition to implementing the national engineering construction policy, architectural design should also implement the following basic principles:

1. Detailed rules for the implementation of urban planning formulated by the local urban planning department;

Second, according to the use and purpose of the building, it comprehensively emphasizes the economic, social and environmental benefits of the building;

Third, make rational use of urban land and space, and advocate socialized comprehensive development and comprehensive buildings;

Fourth, adapt to the level of China's economic development, while meeting the current needs, properly consider the possibility of future improvement and transformation;

Fifth, save building energy consumption and ensure the thermal performance of the envelope;

Sixth, the standardization of architectural design should be combined with diversification;

7. Care for the disabled and the elderly, and provide barrier-free indoor and outdoor environments for their life, work and social activities;

Eight, the building and the environment should comprehensively consider fire prevention, earthquake resistance, air defense and flood control and other safety measures;

Nine, the construction of historical and cultural cities, historical and cultural protection areas, cultural relics protection units and scenic spots at all levels announced by the state or local governments shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions and protection plans formulated by the state or local governments.

Article 1.0.8 There is no unspecified number of people in the building.

1. Except for buildings with fixed seats or sizes and marked numbers of users, buildings without marked numbers shall be accounted for and marked numbers according to the design specifications of relevant special buildings.

Two, the auxiliary area allocated by the main part of the public building, when its area is close to the main part, and may be opened for other purposes at the same time with the main part, the width and number of building safety evacuation exits should be calculated according to the number of people in the two parts.

Third, make >>

Question 4: What are the building construction specifications? Design specification, construction specification and acceptance specification. The national requirements for building construction are all-round. Legally speaking, it is mainly the construction law and contract law. The next layer is quality management regulations and safety management regulations, then many specifications, including national, local and industry regulations, and then more and more policy documents. These laws and regulations are constantly updated, and the policies and regulations are timely and regional.

Question 5: What are the common specifications of bridges? Codes and standards that may be used when designing bridges.

First, the basic necessary classes

JTG Highway Engineering Technical Standard B0 1-2003

General Code for Design of Highway Bridges and Culverts JTG D60-2004

Code for Design of Highway Reinforced Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Bridges and Culverts JTG D62-2004

Code for Design of Highway Bridge and Culvert Foundations JTG D63-2007

Second, the indispensable class.

JTG Code for Hydrological Survey and Design of Highway Engineering C30-2002

Code for Seismic Design of Highway Engineering JTJ 004-89

Code for Wind Resistance Design of Highway Bridges JTJ/T D60-0 1-2004

Code for Design of Highway Drainage JTJ 0 18

Code for Design of Highway Docking Bridges and Culverts JTG D6 1-2005

Code for Design of Steel Structure and Wood Structure of Highway Bridges and Culverts JTJ 025-86

Technical requirements for spherical bearings GB/T 17955-2000

Plate rubber bearings for highway bridges JT/T 4-2004

Highway Bridge Expansion Device JT/T 327-2004

Inland navigation standard gbj50 139-2004

Unified Standard for Reliability Design of Highway Engineering Structures GB/T 50283- 1999

Third, refer to the lessons learned.

Code for Highway Route Design JTJ 0 1 1-94

Steel strand for prestressed concrete GB/T 5224-2003

Steel welded mesh for reinforced concrete GB/T 1499.3-2002

Technical specification for welded steel mesh concrete structures JJ114-2003J276-2003

Hot rolled ribbed bars for reinforced concrete GB/T 1499- 1998

Hot rolled round steel for reinforced concrete GB13013-1991.

Code for highway survey JTJ 06 1-99

Code for Survey and Design of Highway Bridges JTJ 062-9 1

Code for Geological Survey of Highway Engineering JTJ 064-98

Technical specification for construction of highway bridges and culverts JTJ04 1-2000

Standard for quality inspection and evaluation of highway engineering JTJ 07 1-98

Cold rolled ribbed bar GB/T 13788- 1992

Cold-rolled stainless steel plate GB/T3280- 1992

Anchors, fixtures and connectors for prestressed tendons GB/T 14370-2000

General technical specification for mechanical connection of steel bars JGJ 107

Technical specification for extrusion connection of ribbed steel sleeve JGJ 108

Upsetting straight thread reinforced joint JG/T 3057

Technical specification for application of concrete admixture gbj119-88;

Four, bridge steel reference class

Code for Design of Steel Structures GB 500 17-2003

Bridge Structural Steel GB/T 7 14-2000

Carbon structural steel GB/T 700-2006

Low alloy high strength structural steel GB/T 159 1

GB/T 1228 "High Strength Hexagon Bolts for Steel Structures"

High Strength Hexagon Nut for Steel Structure GB/T 1229

High strength flat washers for steel structures GB/T 1230

Technical requirements for high-strength hexagon bolts, hexagon nuts and washers for steel structures GB/T 123 1

Size, shape, quality and allowable deviation of hot rolled steel plate and strip GB/T709-88

Except for the basic necessary classes and some essential classes, not all other codes and standards can be used for individual bridge design, but they are important tools to obtain some information. In addition, the highway bridge and culvert design manual is also an important reference book. ...& gt& gt

Question 6: What are the classifications of legal norms? According to different standards, legal norms can be divided into different types.

First, according to the different behavior patterns of legal norms, it can be divided into authorized norms, mandatory norms and prohibitive norms.

1, authorization specification

Authoritative norms are legal norms that stipulate that people can or cannot do certain behaviors and can ask others to do or not do certain behaviors.

2. Mandatory norms

Mandatory norms are legal norms that stipulate that people must take the initiative to do something.

3. Prohibitive norms

Prohibitive norms are legal norms that prohibit people from doing certain behaviors or not doing certain behaviors. Prohibitive norms can also be said to be mandatory norms. The difference between prohibitive norms and mandatory norms is that mandatory norms are set as obligations, while prohibitive norms are set as obligations of omission.

Two, according to the mandatory degree of legal norms, can be divided into mandatory norms and arbitrary norms.

1, mandatory specification

Mandatory norms refer to legal norms whose rights and obligations are very clear and definite and cannot be changed or violated in any way. Mandatory norms are manifested in two forms: mandatory norms and prohibitive norms, or most of them belong to mandatory norms.

2. Arbitrary norms

Arbitrary norms refer to legal norms that allow participants in legal relations to determine their rights and obligations within a certain range.

Three, according to the different degree of certainty of legal norms, it can be divided into deterministic norms, entrusted norms and applicable norms.

1, deterministic specification

Deterministic norms refer to legal norms that directly and clearly stipulate the content of rules of conduct, and there is no need to cite other legal norms for supplement or explanation when applying them. Most legal norms are deterministic norms.

2. Appointment norms

Appointment norms refer to the legal norms authorized by a specialized agency, rather than clearly defining the content of the rules of conduct.

3. Applicability specification

Applicability norms do not specify the content of rules of conduct, but clearly point out that other rules can be invoked to make the content of this rule clear.

Four, according to the legal norms to adjust the behavior before the possible rules, can be divided into regulatory norms and constitutive norms.

1, adjustable specification

Regulatory norms are legal norms that evaluate existing behaviors and adjust related behaviors by setting rights and obligations.

2. Constitute a specification

Constitutive norms are legal norms based on the emergence of rules, which lead to the emergence of certain behaviors and adjust them. Unlike regulatory norms, the behavior involved in this rule cannot appear before the formation of constitutive norms.

Question 7: What are the fire-related laws and regulations? National standard, including design, construction and acceptance, the owner can refer to the "design description" of the construction drawings or "refer to the national standard atlas". General specifications related to civil building fire protection system are as follows

The relevant specifications I have collected so far are roughly as follows, hoping to help the landlord.

Code for construction and acceptance of automatic sprinkler system (GB5026 1-2005)

Code for design of automatic sprinkler system (GB 50084-200 1) (June 5438+1October 20051)

Code for Construction and Acceptance of Gas Fire Extinguishing System (GB50263―2007)

Code for Design of Gas Fire Extinguishing (GB50370-2005)

Code for Construction and Acceptance of Automatic Fire Alarm System GB50 166-2007

Code for Design of Automatic Fire Alarm System GB50 1 16-98

Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Building Water Supply, Drainage and Heating Engineering GB50242-2002

Code for Design of Water Supply and Drainage Valves for Buildings (GB 50015-2003) (2009 edition)

Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Ventilation and Air Conditioning Engineering GB-50243

Code for Design of Fire Extinguishers in Buildings (GB50 140-2005)

Question 8: What does the employee code of conduct include? Great gods help me. 1. Job specification. 1. Observe the working hours from work to work 1, and go to work 1. 1. When you are late or ask for leave for some reason, you must inform in advance, and you must call if you are too late. 1.2 Make preparations before work. 1.3 o'clock to start work. 2. 2. 1 The work at work should be planned, step by step, fast and practical. 2.2 If there is any work deployment, you should act immediately. 2.3 Don't gossip at work. 2.4 Don't leave without leave at work. 2.5 When you leave your seat, arrange half of the tables and chairs to show that the host is not far away. 2.6 If you leave your job for a long time, there may be calls or guests, please give them to your boss or colleagues in advance. All the chairs were pushed in, indicating that the owner was away. 2.7 Turn on the computer to circulate files and check emails online. 2.8 No personal calls. Don't engage in personal affairs unrelated to work. 2.9 Keep quiet in the office and don't talk loudly in the corridor. 3. Storage of office supplies and documents in the office 3. 1 Fixed management. 3.2 Office supplies and documents must be properly kept and put back to the designated place immediately after use. 3.3 Office supplies and documents shall not be taken home, and permission must be obtained when they need to be taken away. 3.4 File keeping cannot be handled at will, nor can it be left on the desk or in the bookcase. 3.5 Important records, evidence and other documents must be kept to the specified time limit. 3.6 The processed documents shall be filed at any time according to the document number specified by the company. 4.4. 1 After work, documents, stationery, paper, etc. It should be tidied up, the table should be cleaned and the chairs should be put back. 4.2 Consider the tasks for the next day and record them in the notebook. 4.3 Close the doors and windows, and check and deal with safety issues such as fire and electricity. 4.4 If overtime is needed, you should inform in advance. 4.5 Say hello to colleagues after work and before going home. (2) Working methods 1, accepting instructions 1. 1 When accepting instructions from superiors, we should deeply understand the intention. 1.2 Listen to others with an open mind. 1.3 When listening to instructions, make records. 1.4 Doubts must be asked. 1.5 Repeat as shown. When the instruction of 1.6 is repeated, it shall be executed first from the instruction of the top boss. 2. 2. 1 Fully understand the work content. 2.2 According to the method and sequence instructed by the boss, or depending on the purpose of the work. 2.3 When implementing the decided scheme, you should contact in advance if you need the assistance of personnel from other departments. 2.4 Prepare necessary instruments and materials. 2.5 Work process and results must be reported to the boss. 2.6 When the work cannot be completed before the deadline, report to the boss immediately and ask for hints. 2.7 When carrying out the task, if in doubt, consult your boss. 2.8 Check whether the instructions are consistent with the results. 3. Report 3. 1. Report immediately after work. 3.2 Report from the conclusion first. 3.3 Summarize the main points. 3.4 Write report documents. 3.5 Express your opinions truthfully. 4. When the work is frustrated, you should first report 4. 1. 4.2 Accept opinions and criticisms with an open mind. 4.3 Seriously sum up, the same failure cannot be repeated. 4.4 Don't lose heart. 4.5 Don't pass the buck. (3) Create a happy job 1, say hello 1. 1 say "good morning" in the morning. 1.2 Say hello to the guests, superiors and seniors inside and outside the company, and they will say hello to you. 1.3 Greeting others with a cheerful spirit will make the atmosphere of the whole company very active and lively. 2. Work hard and happily. Work actively. 2.2 Let yourself get exercise and growth through work. 2.3 Work for the happiness of others. 2.4 Mutual understanding, trust, and establish a harmonious relationship with colleagues. 3. Talk to each other 3. 1 When people are together, there are often some things that cause personal troubles, which cannot be solved or decided by individuals. In order to find a good solution, we should always discuss and talk with each other. 3.2 "A threesome must have a teacher". When there is a problem, one person can't understand it, but many people will understand it when they discuss it together. When discussing with each other, we can move from the unknown to the known. Make yourself aware of your shortcomings, so as to determine good opinions and ideas. 3.3 From mutual discussion to mutual help. According to the discussion, everyone will restrict and understand each other, and there will be new relationships between people. At > & gt

Question 9: What are the norms of private international law? The norms of private international law are the scope of private international law. Scholars of private international law in various countries have always had different understandings of this issue. Looking at the opinions of scholars in various countries, it can be said that the scope or norms of private international law should be composed of four parts:

First, the civil legal status of foreigners is stipulated.

Such norms refer to the legal provisions that grant or restrict foreigners specific civil rights, that is, the legal norms that foreign natural persons and legal persons enjoy civil rights and assume legal obligations in China. Such norms can be stipulated in domestic laws, such as the Law of China on Sino-foreign Joint Ventures, which gives foreign parties (companies, enterprises, other economic organizations or individuals) the right to establish joint ventures with China on the principle of equality and mutual benefit. This norm can also stipulate that in international treaties such as bilateral trade agreements, the contracting parties grant most-favored-nation treatment to each other's companies and trade organizations. (2 1 lawyer)

The standardization of foreigners' civil legal status is the premise of foreign-related civil legal relations. In international communication, only when foreigners are recognized as civil subjects in China and can undertake corresponding civil obligations can they conduct international civil communication, which may lead to the problem of applying foreign laws. (2 1 lawyer)

Second, the conflict norms conflict norms refer to the norms that stipulate which country's laws should be applied to determine the rights and obligations of the parties in a certain foreign-related civil and commercial legal relationship, also known as "law application norms" or "law choice norms". (2 1 lawyer)

For example, Article 147 of the General Principles of the Civil Law of our country stipulates: "When China people marry China citizens or foreigners, the law of the place of marriage shall apply". This clause does not specify the conditions and requirements for marriage, but only points out that the conditions and requirements for marriage should be determined by the laws of the place where the marriage is concluded. Therefore, the conflict norm is an indirect norm and a unique norm in private international law. It has always been the core norm of private international law. (2 1 lawyer)

Three. The norms of international unified substantive law refer to the norms that stipulate the rights and obligations of the parties in foreign-related civil and commercial legal relations in international treaties and international practices. (2 1 lawyer)

This norm came into being in order to overcome the limitation of indirect adjustment of conflict norms, and it appeared later than conflict norms, with a history of only 100 years (counting from the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property of 1883). Nevertheless, this norm and conflict norm can complement each other in the process of adjusting foreign-related civil and commercial legal relations. With the process of world economic integration and the increasing frequency of international civil and commercial exchanges, the number of such norms will gradually increase and their functions will become more and more important. (2 1 lawyer)

Four. The norms of international civil litigation and international commercial arbitration refer to the norms adopted by a country's court or a country's foreign-related arbitration institution when trying foreign-related civil cases. & gt

Question 10: What is the standard of standardization in China? The standard of modern Chinese standardization is 1, and the standard of phonetic standardization is 1924. The National Committee for the Unification of Languages and Characters will determine Beijing pronunciation as the standard pronunciation. Modern Chinese takes Beijing phonology as the standard pronunciation. The phonetic system of modern Chinese includes a syllable structure system composed of initials, finals and tones. As for the unique phonetic phenomena of Beijing dialect, such as light tone, Hua Er and abnormal pronunciation, they cannot be used as the basis for standardization. 2. The standard of vocabulary standardization is based on the words in the northern dialect, and appropriately absorbs the words with special expressive force from the Chinese dialect and loanwords. Modern Chinese Dictionary is a practical reference standard for standardization. Variant characters (or variants) should also be standardized. Generally speaking, Modern Chinese Dictionary can be regarded as the standard of vocabulary and the standard of learning and using vocabulary. 3. Grammatical standard takes typical modern vernacular as grammatical standard. This provision is very clear, realistic and operable. 4. Chinese character standard Chinese character standard mainly includes: taking simplified characters as standard characters; Sorting out variant characters; Correct typos; Oppose the indiscriminate use of nonstandard simplified characters. The norms of non-Chinese symbols mainly include: the use of letters and numbers; Use of punctuation marks, etc.