What is the principle of fruit tree pruning?

What is the principle of fruit tree pruning? Pruning of fruit trees is an effective measure of tree potential management and a basic management work to promote high yield of fruit trees. Therefore, the pruning of fruit trees should start with the height fixed at seedling stage, then remove the terminal buds, cultivate the trunk and lateral branches, and then carry out reasonable pruning in four seasons.

A, orchard pruning and time:

Pruning the orchard can control the reasonable outward movement of the crown, effectively use the space, improve the growth, flowering and fruiting environment, reduce the harm of pests and diseases, adjust and rationally use the tree nutrition, realize the dwarfing culture, and promote high and stable yield, which is the central content of fine orchard management. The ideal season for plastic surgery and pruning is from defoliation to slight cold festival, and it should not exceed the fright festival at the latest. The growth period is suitable for topping, controlling shoots, thinning buds and thinning fruits. Combined with fruit harvesting, timely cutting off the weak branches in the crown and other branches that affect the extension of the crown branches is beneficial to improve the fruit setting in the next year.

Second, pay attention to identify the fruiting mother branch and mixed flower bud:

Results Mother branches and mixed flower buds are the main fruits of fruit trees, and they are also the key branches related to the yield of the year. Therefore, attention should be paid to identification when pruning. Fruit trees generally have four branches: developmental branches, fruiting mother branches, fruiting branches and male flower branches. Among the developing branches, there are white long branches, moderately developed branches and thin branches. There are four kinds of fruit tree buds: mixed buds, male flower buds, leaf buds and latent buds.

Results The mother branch is a stout medium-long branch transformed from robust development branch and fruiting branch, and its thickness is more than 0.45 cm. The terminal bud and its next 2-3 buds are mixed flower buds. The mixed flower bud is plump and round, with less hair and larger outer scales, which can wrap the whole flower bud and sprout fruiting branches. Therefore, attention should be paid to identification when pruning branches to avoid accidental pruning.

Three, pruning to cultivate low crown as the criterion:

In the winter of grafting, the new orchard was trimmed for the first time. 2 13 backbone branches with medium growth and large opening angle (50-60 degrees) were selected from the backbone branches cultivated by topping and shoot control. On the selected main branch, 3-4 robust buds are reserved as lateral branches in the staggered direction, and attention is paid to selecting and retaining buds outside the cut to remove tender branches, thus cultivating secondary main branches; In the second year, the overgrown branches were controlled, the overgrown branches in the crown were thinned, the overgrown branches were shortened, and the pests and weak branches were pruned.