Is it legal for the company to collect training fees like this?

Your explanation is "angry", so it's a bit messy. Let me help you solve the problems involved:

The first is the probation period. Do you think there is a probation period in the contract? If it is stated, you can leave your job at any time during the contract period without paying any price; If there is no regulation, then according to your situation, more than one month is generally considered as a probation period.

The second is the training fee. The so-called training fee generally requires the company to really pay. There is no such sign in your situation, so the question of training fee is nonsense. Don't worry, the company has to bear the burden of proof for this statement, and there is definitely no evidence to prove it.

In addition, don't be too sad and worried. In practice, there are many rogue companies, but there are always people in charge. If you can't write it down, you can complain to the labor bureau, find the supervision brigade (detachment), and pay attention to keeping the labor contract and let the labor bureau handle it. But the labor bureau has to deal with it for a long time, and you are far away in Chongqing. This is much more difficult, see if you are willing to run around for it. You can consult the labor bureau together to see if you can give priority. From your description, you have a lot of evidence to prove that the so-called training fee is not available, so you can save as much as possible as evidence.

I have encountered this kind of incident before, and many people finally let it go. Personally, I suggest you consider some losses and eat well. If you persist blindly, you may have to pay a lot of time, energy and even money. If you don't have much money, forget this advice. Learn from your mistakes and don't worry.