How many concubines were there in Liao Dynasty?

The character experienced Yeluxian in Liao in his early years and was born in Tianlu, Liao for two years (1, September, 948). He is the second son of Liao Shizong, Xiao's mother. When he was four years old, his parents died in the chaos of Vulcan Lake. He almost died, but was later saved by others. However, it also left the root of the disease. After his uncle Liao succeeded to the throne, he was raised in Yongxing Palace. Although Mu Zongshi neglected politics because of alcoholism (because of alcoholism, the middle school was called Sleeping King), he killed everywhere because of political disability and rebelled constantly, but every rebellion was leveled by him. With the growth of Yeluxian, a group of military officials gathered around him, and he secretly plotted to regain his father's position. Just because of its secret planning, it was not noticed by Liao Mu Zong. One day, Yeluxian and Han Kuangsi discussed the current affairs of the dynasty, and Yeluxian stepped forward to stop it. Yeluxian also realized it and stopped talking about current politics. 19 (969) On February 2 1 day, he visited Liao in the palace. Liao said to him, "My son, you have grown up, and you can entrust the state affairs to you. On the 22nd, the Liao Dynasty was finally killed by attendants, and Ye Luxian led the maids Li, Shi, and Tang of the Southern Courtyard to lead thousands of cavalry. In the same month, with the support of Khitan and Han ministers, Yeluxian proclaimed himself emperor, and his title was Tianzan, and he changed his name to Baoning, becoming Liao Jingzong. Since Jing Zong, the throne of Liao country has spread to the last years of Liao country, and even to the West Liao of Yelubizhi. This had a direct impact on the completion of feudal system and the establishment of eldest son inheritance system in Liao Dynasty.

Jing Zong, the leader of ZTE, carried out a series of reforms after he ascended the throne, which laid the foundation for the prosperity of Shengzong. He first adopted a tolerant policy towards his political opponents to ease the contradiction of ruling the upper class. Such as respecting Lu Ye and Li Hu as emperor and not killing political opponents. Second, the appointment of Yelushi, Yelv, Guo, Yelv Xiuge, Yelv Sha and other good ministers, and enjoy the people, and humbly seek treatment, with coachable. Third, rectify the bureaucracy and reduce the criminal law. Rebuilding Deng Wen Drum Tower will give people a place to redress grievances and appease. . As a result, internal politics was stable, agriculture and animal husbandry flourished, and the war against the Song Dynasty slightly prevailed. Let the Liao Dynasty be strong again, and Jing Zong is the real master of the revival of the Liao Dynasty.

The Battle of Liao and Song Dynasties Since the land of sixteen states was acquired by Emperor Taizong of Liao Dynasty at the expense of Shi Jingtang in 936 AD, all promising kings in the Central Plains have taken the restoration of Yanyun as their ambition. In the sixth year of Xiande in the later Zhou Dynasty (959), Zhou Shizong and Chai Rong won the Southern Expedition and took advantage of Liao's internal affairs to make the Northern Expedition. Lianke, Mo, Ning, Yijin, Waqiao and Nanguan are three states, three customs and seventeen counties. Sejong wants to win, take Youzhou and return home sick. After the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty, Song Taizu devoted himself to the South. Except for the Northern Han Dynasty, there was no conflict with the Liao Dynasty, and the two sides were generally harmonious. After Song Taizong succeeded to the throne, Song Taiping rejuvenating the country for four years (in 979, the eleventh year of Liao Baoning), and Song Taizong personally invaded Taiyuan, defeating the Han and Liao armies. Take Taiyuan and force Liu Jiyuan, the Lord of the Northern Han Dynasty, to die. Later, Song Taizong refused to accept the ministers' suggestions, regardless of the objective reality that Song Jun was tired after a long battle, and led Song Jun to the Northern Expedition from Taiyuan to recover the land of Yanyun. As a result, Yelvxiuge, the general of Liao State, was first blocked at the gate of Youzhou, and then Yelvxiuge and others were defeated by Gaolianghe. Emperor Taizong fled back with an arrow wound for the battle of Gaoliang River. The Northern Expedition in Song Dynasty was disastrous, and the relationship between Liao and Song Dynasty also broke down. Since then, the Liao army has repeatedly sent troops to attack and plunder the border areas of Song and Liao, and conflicts have continued, with each other winning and losing. In October of the second year of Ganheng (980), Jing Zong led an army to attack the Song Dynasty, defeated Song Jun in Waqiaoguan, captured several Song generals and beheaded many people. It's for the battle of Waqiao Pass. After that, Jing Zong collapsed and the war was suspended.

Ye Lu Xian, who died at an early age, was sickly due to excessive shock. Therefore, Xiao Chuo (953- 1009, Xiao Yanyan, formerly known as Ba Richi) became a political and military participant in the Liao Dynasty. In the fourth year of Ganheng (10,982+03), Ye died at the age of 35 in Datong City Palace, Shanxi Province on September 24th. Jing Zong, the name of the temple, is called Emperor Kang Jing. Buried in Ganling (located in Beizhen City, Liaoning Province). King Liang Longxu acceded to the throne in a posthumous edict, and his military affairs were subject to the queen. In the first year of Tonghe (983), on the fifth day of the first month, he was honored as Cheng Xiao, and his temple number was Jing Zong. Chongxi twenty-one years (1052), was added as Emperor Cheng Xiao Kang Jing.

Liao's political measures, domestic policies and the extensive use of Han Chinese officials mainly began in the Qing Dynasty. After Jing Zong acceded to the throne, Gao Xun, a Han official who had made him the throne, was first appointed to the South Privy Council and then the King of Qin. It turned out that Han Kuangsi, the son of Han Zhigu, an official of Han Dynasty, was appointed to stay in Beijing, and later was appointed to stay in Nanjing, sealing the crown prince. This shows that Liao has incorporated Han officials into the central government organization, because the position left in Nanjing has always been held by the Qidan nationality, which is an important position. The appointment of Han Kuang-si shows that the status of Han officials has been significantly improved. Because of the reuse of Han officials, it greatly promoted the progress and efficiency of political institutions, and also promoted the feudalization of Qidan. From then on, Liao entered the ZTE period and began to move towards the heyday of Shengzong. It's like Tang Gaozu laid the cornerstone of Zhenguan rule, and Yong Zhengdi laid the cornerstone of Qianlong prosperous times.

In order to completely change the chaotic situation in Mu Zong period, Jing Zong reformed the official management. He studied the experience and lessons of ancient and modern dynasties from Han officials and officials, and then applied them to the reform practice. In the process of implementation, Jing Zong clearly defined rewards and punishments, and boldly employed people, that is, "no one can doubt". This makes Guan Bai do his duty and dare not slack off. Many disadvantages of Mu Zong's period were quickly eliminated. In this way, with the concerted efforts of the monarch and ministers, politics began to show a clear atmosphere, and the national strength also rose, which was the main reason for winning the war with the Northern Song Dynasty.

Jing Zong's trainable history is also recorded. At the end of the year, Guo wrote to attack him and advised him to reduce the number of hunting trips, saying that Mu Zongshi was greedy for hunting and neglected politics, which led to great anger. After ten years of conquest, the political situation is still not completely stable. Despite the bumper harvest every year, the country's economy has not fully recovered. This is a good opportunity to make great efforts. However, I heard that your majesty is also obsessed with hunting, so you should exercise restraint to prevent Mu Zongshi's tragedy from repeating itself. Besides, there is a threat from the northern song dynasty in the south. If they hear that your majesty is obsessed with hunting, I'm afraid they will take the opportunity to go north again. I hope your majesty can exercise restraint in time, put the country first, and strive for the prosperity of the country and the safety of the officials and people.

Although it was not fully adopted after reading it, I still appreciated the attack on Guo. Because at this time, the Northern Song Dynasty has launched a campaign to recover Yanyun, and Jing Zong is fighting with all its strength. He only restrained his hunting activities, but he could only wait until later to devote himself to political construction.

The process of Liao Jingzong's governance of Liao country is also the process of learning Chinese culture, summing up the experience of Han people in governing the country and putting it into practice. It turns out that Emperor Taizong of Liao attached great importance to the development of agriculture. He not only supported the Han people to develop agriculture in Han areas, but also let people reclaim land and develop production in grassland areas suitable for agriculture. In order to protect agricultural production and prevent the Khitans from intentionally or unintentionally destroying agriculture, Liao ordered his men not to trample crops at will, and also ordered the troops to bypass farmland when marching. The development of agriculture has greatly promoted the economic development of Liao country, and also enhanced the national strength of Liao country. While developing agriculture, Liao continued to practice the policy of preserving Kyrgyzstan and recruiting talents, especially Han people. After obtaining sixteen states, a group of Han intellectuals were selected to manage the affairs of each state, among which there were many capable people. Liao Jingzong followed the example of Emperor Gaozu and asked his subordinates to recommend talented people to be officials. Later, the imperial edict was issued to recruit talents. If they really stand out in the evaluation, they can immediately occupy a high position. He also tried to absorb some etiquette of the Han nationality. For example, he abolished the old Qidan folk custom in the marriage system. The Khitans appointed as Han officials can freely marry the Han people according to the customs of the Han people, thus promoting the exchanges and further integration between ethnic groups and fundamentally strengthening the relationship between the Khitans and the Han people.

Nevertheless, the habits of the Khitan people cannot be fundamentally changed, especially when the Liao army was fighting in the south of the Central Plains. Because the Liao army has no logistical supplies, it can only be solved on its own. Therefore, when Liao soldiers arrived in a place, they would inevitably harass the people and rob food, which made the Liao army strongly resisted by Han Chinese. Without popular support, Liao's rule in the Central Plains will be unsustainable. It was not until his death that Emperor Taizong of Liao woke up, but it was over. In fact, even if he had known and taken measures earlier, it was impossible to change his long-term national habits in a short time. As a backward nomadic people, Qidan must be sinicized. Liao probably realized this before his death, but he didn't have a chance to put his lessons into practice.

Foreign War In February 1979, Song Taizong personally led the troops to crusade against the Northern Han Dynasty, and Emperor Jing Zong of Liao also sent troops to help. As a result, when the Liao army crossed the river, Song Jun defeated the Liao army and killed five Liao soldiers. In June, the Northern Han Dynasty destroyed the Song Dynasty.

The Northern Song Dynasty destroyed the Northern Han Dynasty, which was triggered by the Northern Song Dynasty attacking the Northern Han Dynasty. At this time, Emperor Jing Zong of Liao was carrying out internal reforms, adopting a defensive strategy against the Song Dynasty, and instructed the Northern Han Dynasty, a vassal state, not to make trouble at will to maintain the status quo of the border.

In 969 AD, when Jing Zonggang acceded to the throne, Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin personally invaded Taiyuan to destroy the Northern Han Dynasty. As a result, he lost to Liao's reinforcements. After that, he made peace with Liao and devoted his energy to the south. After the unification of Jiangnan, Song Taizu turned his head and tried to destroy the Northern Han Dynasty. In September 976, Song Taizu sent Pan Mei and other generals to attack Taiyuan, the capital of the Northern Han Dynasty. The result was defeated by the resistance of the Northern Han Dynasty and the Liao Dynasty. 1 1 month, Song Taizu died and his brother Zhao Guangyi acceded to the throne. This is Song Taizong.

In 979, after winning the victory in destroying the Northern Han Dynasty, Song Taizong underestimated the power of the Liao Dynasty and tried to recover Yanyun with a high momentum. But he launched the war in a hurry, and he was not prepared enough, and the result was a fiasco.

As soon as the Northern Han Dynasty perished, Song Taizong dispatched troops to Hebei to attack Nanjing (now Beijing) in Liaoning. His generals said that just after the war, there should be time to rest and prepare for war, and there is a shortage of food and grass, so it is difficult to support long-term operations. However, I feel that Liao has just lost the battle and its morale is low. We should pursue the victory and expand the results.

At the beginning of the war, Yizhou surrendered at the gates and marched into Zhuozhou, but accepted the surrender without bloodshed. Song Jun's soldiers pointed at Nanking. Song Jun and Yelvsidi, Liao generals guarding Nanking, fought in Shahe, and were defeated by Song Jun, who retreated to the north of Qinghe. Song Jun surrounded Nanking, but the Liao army could not hold on, waiting for reinforcements.

Jing Zong saw the emergency, so he sent the famous Yelvxiuge to rescue him. Yelvxiuge divided the army into two roads, each with only 5,000 men. He pretended to be the main force and went to Nanking to lure Song Jun into the war. And the main cavalry 30000 people, around the south at night, behind Song Jun, under his command, 30000 elite stormed Song Jun. The two sides fought fiercely in the Gaoliang River area southwest of Beijing. Yelvxiuge himself was injured, so he chased after him in a light car and ordered the vanguard cavalry of the Liao army to chase after him with torches in both hands in the starry night. Song Jun saw the torch flashing in the field, thinking that the main force of Liao army had arrived, and kept running away. As a result, Song Jun was beaten between Scylla and Charybdis. Song Taizong was shot in the knee and escaped alone. When he arrived in Zhuozhou (now Zhuoxian County, Hebei Province), he got on a donkey cart under the escort of Yang Ye, transporting grain and grass to escape from the encirclement.

Although the Liao army won the Battle of Gaolianghe, Jing Zong sent troops to attack the Northern Song Dynasty in September shortly after the Battle of Gaolianghe, in order to report the siege of Nanjing in the Northern Song Dynasty. In October, the armies of the two countries confronted each other in the city (now the city of Hebei).

Before the decisive battle, Song Jun pretended to surrender, but Han Kuangsi believed it and wanted to surrender. Brother Yelvxiuge, who accompanied him, quickly dissuaded him: "Song Jun's military appearance is neat and full of momentum, and he will definitely refuse to yield. This is to lure us into being cheated by false surrender. We should wait and see. " Han Kuangsi didn't listen, ready to surrender and let his guard down. As a result, he was successfully raided by Song Jun, and the two armies jointly attacked the Liao army. Han Kuang-si hurried to the war, but he couldn't resist Song Jun's attack, and the foot soldiers also lost their weapons and fled for their lives. Song Jun was stubbornly resisted by Yelvxiuge in the pursuit, so he had to push back, which saved the Liao army from extinction.

In the second year of the city's decisive battle, in March of 980, the Liao army began to fight Song Jun again. Liao army besieged Yanmen (now Yanmenguan, Shanxi) with 100,000 troops, and Yang Ye, the secretariat of Song Dynasty, led the troops to defeat Liao army north of Yanmen.

In October, Liao personally went to Nanjing and led the troops to cut the Song Dynasty. First, Waqiaoguan (now Old Nanguan, Xiongxian County, Hebei Province) was besieged, defeated by Yelvxiuge, who had already prepared for rescue in the Song Army, and Song Jun, led by Zhang Shi, the garrison commander, wanted to break through. Liao personally supervised the war, and Yelvxiuge also chickened out and personally commanded. Finally, he died and retired to the city.

Song Jun once again confronted the Liao army across the river, Yelvxiuge led elite cavalry to cross the river to fight Song Jun, Song Jun was defeated and retreated, and the Liao army chased Zhou Mo (now Renqiu, Hebei) and fought Song Jun. Song Jun suffered heavy losses and several soldiers were captured. The Liao army was also hit hard and could not win, so it had to retreat.

Yelvxiuge was promoted to Yu Yue of Liao State because of his outstanding achievements in the Battle of Waqiaoguan.

Two years after the decisive battle of Waqiaoguan, in April and May of 982, Liao personally led the troops to cut the Song Dynasty again. This is the second city war. Finally, he was defeated by Song general Cui and had to return. This is the last battle between Liao and Song Dynasty.

People's comments on Li Sao, the official revision of Yuan Shi Liao Shi, are as follows: "Liao Xing has been going on for more than 60 years, and there is no leisure between the meetings of Shenshu;" Tianlu, the king of Yingli, does not make it end; Baoning is here, and everyone is looking forward to rule. With Jing Zong's capital, no one will doubt that those who appreciate it will be punished if they can do something with it. And exhaust the power of the whole country to help Hedong, Pojun will be killed, and there is no salvation. Although it is compensation for the Song Dynasty, it is not worth the loss. Knowing the crime of thinking, count without punishment; The suggestion of being good at attacking Guo is to accept it instead of using it; Shaman Zhao Min misbehaved towards the leftists and was keen to serve the centrists. Is it confusing?

Great-grandfather of family members: Lu Ye Abaoji, Liao Taizu.

Great-grandmother: Qin Chunshu, Queen Lv Ping.

Grandfather: Liao Yelubi

Grandma: Xiaoshi, Queen Rouzhen.

Parents and Father: Ruan of Liao Shizong

Mother: Xiao, Queen Huai Jie.

the Queen

Empress Chengtian Xiao Chuo

imperial concubine

Feide Bohai family

Whether Hu Tiao, the imperial concubine of his son during the reign of Emperor Shengzong of Liao Dynasty, is his concubine remains to be verified, and he may be the spouse of Ye, the younger brother of Emperor Taiping of Liao Dynasty.

Children and sons

The eldest son, Yelu Longxu, was Emperor Liao Sheng.

On 1986, the second son and daughter discovered Princess Chen's tomb in Inner Mongolia, which provided rich material for in-depth study of the history, culture and life customs of Qidan society.

The third son, King Chu, was from Longyou, Lu Ye.

The fourth son, Zheng Xiong, died in early August, and there is no record of Liao history, which can be found in Song Dynasty's Long-edited "A Mirror for Continuing Governance". However, Jing Zong's fourth son Yelv Yaonu, recorded in Liao History, also died young, and his birth mother was unknown.

Lu Ye pharmacist slave, also known as Lu Ye Hanba, died young and was buried in the prince's courtyard. It is said that he is Lu Ye Ge Zheng recorded in the historical materials of the Song Dynasty.

daughter

The first female, Yelu Guanyin, was called "Guanyin female" in Liao history, also known as "Yan Ge". She sealed Princess Qi and married her cousin Xiao Jixian.

The second woman, Lu Ye Immortal Daughter, was called Immortal Daughter and Immortal Slave in Liao history. She was named Princess Wei and married to Prime Minister Xiao Pai.

The third daughter, Lu Ye Yanshou, was called "Yanshou Daughter" and "Yanshou Slave" in Liao history. She was made Princess of Yue, and married Prime Minister Xiao Pai and her younger brother Xiao Hengde.

The fourth daughter Ye Lushu is the mother of Princess Bohai. I don't know why, but there is no princess title. In the second year of Ganheng (980), she married Lu Jun who joined the Northern Han Dynasty. In June of the first year of Tonghe (983), Brother Yelushu had a disagreement with lujun, surnamed Xu, and demanded a divorce. 10 month, he remarried with the little goddess.