What harm does electroplating do to human body?

There are many processes in electroplating factory, such as electroless nickel plating, alloy plating, precious metal plating, chromium plating, nickel plating, copper plating, tin plating and zinc plating. The key is to look at which technology is used in your factory and treat it differently. The wastewater discharged in the process of electroplating chromium contains hexavalent chromium, which is a carcinogen and harmful to human body. Nickel (Ni) contained in the electroplating layer is easy to cause skin cancer. Harm to human body in electroplating production A large number of chemicals such as strong acid, strong alkali, salt and organic solvent are used in electroplating production, and a large number of toxic and harmful gases will be emitted during operation. If the safety management is not done well, poisoning and burns will easily occur, resulting in combustion and explosion accidents. On the other hand, the workplace of electroplating workshop is wet, the equipment is easy to be corroded, and it is also easy to cause electric shock accidents. At present, except for the electroplating workshops of a few large factories, most electroplating factories are small in scale, with poor equipment, lack of mechanical equipment and poor labor protection conditions; The quality of employees is not high and their safety awareness is weak. Therefore, there are many problems in the safety management of electroplating production, which has become one of the obstacles to the sustainable development of electroplating industry. A dust hazards Most hardware workpieces must be polished and mechanically polished before electroplating; In addition, in order to remove impurities such as slag, molding sand and scale on the surface of castings, forgings or parts after heat treatment, sandblasting is also needed. These operations will produce a lot of dust that may contain silicon, chromium, aluminum, iron, copper and hemp, which will bring serious occupational hazards to workers. In explosive electroplating production, organic solvents are often used to degrease and remove the oil on the workpiece. Commonly used organic solvents are gasoline, kerosene, acetone, benzene, trichloroethylene and carbon tetrachloride. In addition, the paint stripper is used to remove the old coating, and the top coat (sealing paint) is used to seal the coating. The paint stripper contains a lot of organic solvents such as dichloromethane, and the top coat (sealing paint) also contains a variety of organic solvents. Gasoline, kerosene, benzene and other organic solvents have low flash points and are volatile in the air. When the mixture of steam and air reaches the lower explosion limit, fire and explosion accidents will occur when it encounters ignition sources such as sparks. Although trichloroethylene and dichloromethane are not easy to burn, they are both toxic volatile liquids, and their vapors can also form explosive mixtures with air. In addition, some electroplating plants need boilers or reaction vessels, which are pressure vessels. If used improperly, an explosion will occur. Most organic solvents are toxic, such as trichloroethylene, which is narcotic and will suffocate people. When exposed to ultraviolet rays, it will decompose highly toxic phosgene and highly corrosive hydrogen chloride. Trichloroethylene poisoning can cause rash, fainting, high fever, swollen lymph nodes, and finally lead to various complications until skin ulceration, liver and kidney failure and death; Benzene poisoning mainly affects human hematopoietic function, from leukopenia to aplastic anemia, and finally leukemia. Carbon tetrachloride can cause serious damage to liver and kidney. Caustic soda is used for bluing steel, alkaline zinc plating, alkaline degreasing, zinc dipping of aluminum alloy and alkaline electropolishing. Caustic soda has strong adhesion and corrosiveness to human skin and clothes, which can seriously burn human body. When a worker was preparing a bluing solution, he added water to the water tank and lit the stove. When the solid alkali is served, the water has been boiled, and the unbroken bulk solid alkali is immediately put into the boiling water. Because the dissolution of solid alkali is an exothermic reaction, large pieces of solid alkali are immersed in boiling water, and coal is burning at the bottom of the tank. Because the temperature around the alkali suddenly rises, it leads to an explosion. Hot alkali solution rushed out of the tank surface more than 5 meters high, spraying the whole tank and its surroundings into a white world. Fortunately, the operator avoided it in time and did not suffer too much damage ["]. This is an example of violating the preparation procedure of bluing solution and almost causing serious personal injury. Alkaline corrosion products such as ammonia water and potassium sulfide are sometimes used in electroplating production. Ammonia has a strong pungent smell, and when heated, it will emit toxic and flammable smoke. Ammonia can irritate and corrode the upper respiratory tract, and at high concentration, it can cause alkaline chemical burns at the contact parts. Potassium sulfide will release highly toxic and flammable hydrogen sulfide gas when it comes into contact with acid. The commonly used strong acids in electroplating production include sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid and chromic acid. These acids are very corrosive, easy to burn the human body and difficult to heal. In addition, it pollutes the environment seriously, such as concentrated hydrochloric acid will produce a lot of corrosive acid mist; Concentrated nitric acid will decompose in the air, releasing highly toxic nitrogen oxides! "hydrofluoric acid smokes in the air, and its vapor is highly corrosive and toxic; When electroplating chromium, a lot of chromium fog will be emitted, and chromium (! ) compounds can cause skin ulcers, anemia, nephritis and neuritis, and have the effects of carcinogenesis and gene mutation. Young workers in a factory cleaned the cast copper anode with mixed acid (including hydrofluoric acid). They didn't wear acid-resistant rubber gloves when operating, and soon felt unbearable pain in their fingers. Although it was cleaned and soaked in dilute ammonia for several days, it returned to normal. Cyanide is used for zinc plating, copper, silver, gold, imitation gold and some activating solutions and stripping solutions. Cyanide is a dramatic drug, which can inhibit the production of human respiratory enzymes. Taking or inhaling a small amount of cyanide by mistake can lead to serious poisoning and even death. When cyanide meets acid or acid mist, it will release highly toxic and flammable hydrogen cyanide gas. B Danger of electric shock Human contact with high and low voltage power supply may cause electric shock casualties. There are many electrical equipment used in electroplating production, such as polisher, roller, rectifier power supply, traveling crane, centrifugal dryer, electric heater, filter, barrel plating machine, sewage treatment equipment, etc. Their input voltage is usually very high. In addition, the electroplating workshop is wet and the equipment is easy to be corroded. Therefore, in the process of use and maintenance, if the equipment runs abnormally, the protective measures are ineffective or the operation is wrong, it is easy to cause electric shock accidents. C Other hazards In addition to the above-mentioned main hazards, there may be noise hazards (such as ultrasonic cleaning, compressed air drying and other processes), mechanical injuries and lifting injuries in electroplating production.