Hebei Province’s experience in promoting the orderly development of small mines

In recent years, Hebei Province has unremittingly carried out the work of rectifying the order of mineral resources development. Many good practices and experiences have been accumulated in various parts of the province, and these experiences have been summarized and promoted in a timely manner to guide and promote The orderly development of small mines in the province.

6.4.2.1 Synchronization of Rectification and Standardization—Handan’s Mineral Resources Development Management Model

(1) Adhere to the combination of “effective prevention and severe crackdowns” and implement certificates for small mines mining system.

Handan has a long history of mining. The mining sites are diverse and difficult to manage. Especially in recent years, some people have been driven by huge profits to take risks, resulting in a rebound in unlicensed mining. Faced with the severe situation, Handan City has put the ban and crackdown on unlicensed mining on its important agenda, and adopted a high-pressure stance to crack down and ban it, so that the development and utilization of small mines can take a legal path. The specific methods mainly include the following aspects:

First, strengthen the responsibilities of small mine license leaders, so that responsible persons at all levels fundamentally understand the importance of the safe and orderly development of small mines. To further improve and implement the mineral resources management order and safety production responsibility network, the municipal government has signed responsibility letters with relevant mining-related counties (cities, districts) and municipal departments, the county government, relevant county departments and township governments to clarify the supervision of each department. Responsibility must be grasped at one level and implemented at all levels, and responsibilities must be strictly investigated, and those responsible for causing chaos in the mining industry and mine safety accidents must be seriously investigated and dealt with.

The second is to cooperate with regulatory authorities to promote the legal and orderly development of small mines. Under the unified leadership of the municipal government, the land and resources, development and reform commission, coal supervision, safety supervision, public security, electric power, labor and other departments have established a coordination and linkage mechanism. During the clean-up and rectification, all departments worked together to vigorously promote licensed mining and Unlicensed mining is strictly controlled, and the source of illegal mining is cut off from the aspects of electricity, pyrotechnics, mineral product circulation, labor employment, etc., and a good situation of government leadership, departmental coordination, and joint efforts to tackle the problem has truly been formed. In addition, the land and resources departments of each county (city, district) divided the inspection responsibility areas according to the administrative divisions and the distribution of mining areas, clarified the inspection responsible personnel and inspection supervisors, and strictly adhered to the "weekly inspection, ten-day inspection, monthly dispatch" system to do To promptly discover, report and handle in time to prevent problems before they occur.

The third is to establish a mass reporting system, build a mass prevention and mass governance system, and form a good situation of mass supervision to promote the orderly development of small mines. The reporting hotline was published in the "Handan Daily" and the municipal government website, giving full play to the supervisory role of the masses. Every case reported by the masses was implemented and responded to.

The fourth is to divide key mining areas for rectification and strengthen the governance of the legal development of small mines. Based on the current status of the mining order in Handan City, three key areas were identified: the junction area of ??adjacent counties, the state-owned large mines and surrounding areas, and the areas where burials are prone to rebound. Carry out key crackdowns on unlicensed mines in key areas and implement special rectifications. A joint law enforcement team has been established in key state-owned large mines to form a joint investigation and attack and defense mechanism. For example, the West Shimen Mine has established a mine protection team composed of more than 80 people to conduct day and night inspections. If illegal mining without a license is discovered, the land and resources department will be notified promptly for joint investigation and punishment.

The fifth is to increase the filling of abandoned mines, eliminate hidden dangers, and enable small mines to develop in a safe environment. In view of the phenomenon of some people using abandoned shafts for illegal mining, the land and resources departments of various counties (cities) conducted dragnet inspections of abandoned mines and closed mines left in their jurisdictions, and refilled mines that were not filled or filled incorrectly. More than 1,100 abandoned wellbores have been filled in the city to prevent opportunistic mining and reduce safety hazards.

The sixth is to ban unlicensed small mines and strengthen the license system for small mine mining. For unlicensed illegal mining activities, if one is discovered, one will be banned, and strict "three no-leaving, one-filling" measures will be implemented, that is, "leave no house, no equipment, no staff, and fill the wellhead." .

In combating unlicensed mining activities, each county (city, district) has created its own unique rectification methods based on local realities. For example, Wu'an City adopts the approach of "licensed mines guarding unlicensed mines", which stipulates that licensed mines are responsible for discovering and stopping unlicensed mining within their scope.

If there are unlicensed mines within the scope but have not been discovered, it will be deemed as permission to exploit the resources within the scope without authorization. According to the relevant provisions of the "Handan City Mineral Resources Management Regulations", licensed mines will be punished. Cixian County has studied and formulated the "Implementation Opinions on Controlling Unlicensed Mines (Mountains) in Cixian County" and created a "four-in-one" monitoring system, including village and town cadres, village branch secretaries, staff of the Land and Resources Institute, and coal company staff** The government will jointly supervise illegal mining in closed mines, and implement a management system in which one mine is supervised by four people, and everyone takes responsibility for any problems that arise. In response to the difficult-to-cure-out situation of illegal mining around licensed mines, Shexian County boldly innovated and established a public security bureau security company intervention and rectification mechanism. Licensed mines signed an agreement with the security company, and the licensed mines paid security fees and established protective zones to prevent illegal activities. occur. According to statistics, in 2005, the city banned more than 1,200 unlicensed mines, demolished more than 1,000 buildings, confiscated more than 200 mining equipment, and more than 40 cement pouring wellheads, effectively combating unlicensed mines. arrogance. In the first half of 2006, the city banned more than 300 unlicensed mines, which was a significant decrease compared with last year. "Cease the wind and control chaos" achieved good results, and the mining order improved significantly.

(2) Adhere to the combination of "prevention in advance and investigation and punishment afterward" to maintain the order of mining management.

As the rectification work of the mining industry continues to deepen, while cracking down on the rebound of unlicensed mines, it has become an important task for current mining administration to strictly investigate and punish cross-level and cross-border illegal mining activities in accordance with the law and maintain the normal order of mineral resource management. content. Illegal mining across layers and borders is concealed, difficult to detect, and complex, making it more difficult to regulate than clamping down on unlicensed mines. At present, because technical means and law enforcement means are relatively backward, there are still difficulties in discovery, evidence collection, and law enforcement. Crossing layers and boundaries poses great safety risks and often brings extremely serious consequences. Most of the safety production accidents that have occurred in Handan City in recent years are related to layer crossing and boundary crossing. Therefore, how to eradicate layer-crossing and boundary-crossing, and solve the difficulties of discovery and investigation from the source, has become a serious practical problem that needs to be solved urgently. The Land and Resources Management Department of Handan City has created the "Seven Ones" management model based on full research, that is, a set of methods is to develop an effective method for dynamic detection of reserves; a team is to establish a reserve team. Dynamic verification and testing team; one map is to draw a reserve calculation map (mining engineering plan) every month; one sign is to set up a mining publicity and supervision sign; one wall is to block cross-border; one guarantee is to require that within the jurisdiction All small mines must write a guarantee letter to the local county-level land and resources department that no cross-border mining will occur; once the announcement is made, the list of small mines with cross-border mining will be published and announced in the "Handan Daily" every quarter. Practice has proven that this measure is effective in curbing and investigating cross-layer and cross-border mining, and the results are indeed very obvious.

(3) Adhere to the combination of "mining rectification and safety rectification" to reduce safety accidents in small coal mines.

While severely cracking down on unlicensed illegal mining and cross-layer and cross-border mining, Handan City has intensified efforts to shut down illegal and small coal mines that do not have safe production conditions. This has reduced the occurrence of a large number of safety accidents and also served as a warning to existing small coal mines and other small mines, requiring small mines not to ignore production safety while raising corporate interests. In August 2004, the municipal government formulated the "Handan City Implementation Plan for Closing Illegal and Small Coal Mines Without Safety Production Conditions", proposing that it would take three years to achieve the goal of closing 2/3 of the city's small coal mines, with a total number of closures of about 165. In the well shut-in work, it is clearly required that "the quantity can only be more but not less, the quality can only be high but not low, and the time can only be advanced but not behind." In order to ensure the completion of the well shut-in task, the municipal government decomposed the well shut-in task to relevant counties (cities, districts) and adopted the method of issuing well shut-in indicators quarterly. Those who failed to complete the well shut-in task were notified and criticized, and the well shut-in work was listed as The municipal government shall implement a one-vote veto on the content of the overall work assessment of the relevant county (city, district). Through the joint efforts of all relevant departments, Handan City's small coal mine closure work has achieved remarkable results.

Since the well closure work was implemented in August 2004, 175 small coal mines have been closed in the city, including 51 in 2004, 100 in 2005, and 24 in the first half of 2006. At the beginning of 2006, the municipal government decided to adjust the task of shutting down wells from 2/3 to 3/4, which meant that the 165 indicators for the closure of small coal mines were increased to more than 220. In 2006, the number of closure indicators increased to 77. By the end of 2006, the city's No more than 80 small coal mines will be retained.

(4) Adhere to the combination of "treating loose parts and root causes" and actively promote the integration of mineral resources.

In view of the problems that Handan City has many mining sites, a wide range of areas, a small scale, and unreasonable layout, in accordance with the requirements of the State Council Guofa [2005] No. 28 document, while vigorously carrying out "control of chaos", Make every effort to promote the work of "controlling dispersion".

First, the guiding ideology of resource integration was determined. In the resource integration of township mines and individual mining layouts, we should focus on setting up the center around mineral rights and effectively handle the relationship between "big and small, high and low, sparse and dense, more and less". Big and small refers to maintaining the dominant position of large mines, solving the problem of overlapping mining areas of small mines within the scope of large mines, encouraging large mines to merge with small mines, and small mines to jointly operate mines, to achieve large-scale mining and intensive utilization of resources. High and low refers to setting the access conditions and standards for mining enterprises, limiting the scale of mine production, making the resource occupancy and production capacity of mining enterprises reasonably match the service life of the mine, and the level of production equipment, safe production, and scientific mine management. further improve. Sparsity and density refer to solving the problem of too dense layout of mineral sites. In principle, only one mining right is set up for an ore body to avoid multiple mines and large mines and small mines. Through the integration of small mines that mine multiple points of the same ore body, it not only reduces the loss of resources such as mine pillars and boundary pillars, improves the resource recovery rate, but also effectively avoids disputes in the mining industry. More and less means that the number of mines after resource integration is significantly reduced, and the safety hazards caused by unreasonable layout are significantly reduced. By scientifically setting up mineral rights and reasonably determining the scope of mining areas, production scale and mining methods, although the number of mines has been greatly reduced, through technological transformation, equipment upgrading and other means, the production scale has been stabilized and the purpose of reducing ore and improving efficiency has been achieved.

The second is to clarify the goal of resource integration. Through resource integration, by the end of 2006, the number of small coal mines in the city had dropped from 285 to less than 80, and the number of small iron mines had dropped from 328 to 180. The layout of mines has become more reasonable, the scale and intensification of the development and utilization of mineral resources have been significantly improved, and the reduction of mineral resources without reducing production can not only ensure the sustainable development of the local economy, but also establish a standardized order for the development of mineral resources.

The third is to advance the overall resource integration work. In accordance with the unified arrangements of the municipal government, the Handan City Land and Resources Bureau formulated the "Implementation Opinions on Integrating Coal Resources and Adjusting Mine Layout in Handan City" after in-depth research, which clarified the goals, scope, principles, time and specific measures for adjusting and integrating coal resources. A small coal mine integration plan was formulated. The Wu'an and Shexian small iron ore integration plans have been completed. Among them, the Wu'an small iron ore resource integration plan has passed the expert review organized by Handan City and has been submitted to the provincial department for review and approval in the name of the municipal government. The Shexian small iron ore integration plan is being improved. middle.

The fourth is to focus on coal integration and implement key breakthroughs. The Handan Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government have raised the integration of coal resources to the important level of sustainable, scientific and safe development of coal resources, assessed the situation, and seized the strong desire of state-owned large mines to become bigger and stronger, as well as national industrial policies and guidance This is not a favorable opportunity for the production and operation of small coal mines, and we will vigorously promote the joint reorganization of state-owned large mines and small coal mines. For example, the governments of Cixian County and Fengfeng Mining District and Fengfeng Group implement joint reorganization of small coal mines in their jurisdictions. According to the agreement, Fengfeng Group will operate in accordance with regulations, protect the interests of investors in accordance with the law, achieve mutual benefit, long-term cooperation, implement safety responsibilities and local payment Based on the principle of taxes and fees, various methods such as buyout, holding, shareholding, and trusteeship will be adopted to implement joint reorganization with Fengfeng and Cixian small coal mines.

6.4.2.2 The government and enterprises work together - Xinglong Iron Ore Mining and Dressing Integration Model

Xinglong County is rich in iron ore resources. In recent years, small iron ore dressing plants have sprouted everywhere. The maximum number reached 178. These small iron processing plants have backward technology, pollute and damage the environment, and compete with each other for resources, which directly leads to chaos in the mining industry. In order to effectively solve the problems of random construction, random stacking and random discharge of small iron dressing plants, since November 2006, Xinglong County has regarded the management of small iron dressing plants as an important part of rectifying and standardizing the order of mineral resource development, and proposed an annual output of 1 All small iron dressing plants with a capacity of ~3 tons of iron concentrate must be closed down, and all iron dressing plants located beside river beds, roads, and villages must be moved up mountains. The newly built and retained dressing plants must have an annual production capacity of more than 50,000 tons of iron concentrate, and must have standard tailings ponds, standard workshops and equipment. After rectification and rectification, more than 90 small iron processing plants have been closed down in the county. For the dressing plants that need to be relocated, the land, environmental protection, forestry and other relevant departments jointly select the site. The tailings ponds are all selected between two mountains and a ditch. Relevant professional units are entrusted to conduct geological disaster risk assessments. At the same time, it is required Mineral processing companies use the tailings ponds in cascades and carry out greening and reclamation layer by layer year by year. In order to effectively solve the problem of competition for resources caused by the separation of mining and mineral processing, Xinglong County organized and carried out pairing activities between mining enterprises and mineral processing enterprises in mining enterprises, thus realizing the integration of mining and mineral processing.

After more than half a year of governance and rectification, all the original small iron processing plants in Xinglong County, Hebei Province have been banned. The remaining mineral processing companies in the county have embarked on the track of large-scale production and standardized management. Stabilized the order of mineral development.

6.4.2.3 Simultaneous prohibition of new mines and restoration—mine environment restoration and management model

In order to strictly limit the emergence of new mine environmental problems, various measures are taken to restore and manage the remaining abandoned mines. Accelerate the pace of mine environmental restoration and management. Handan City took the lead in implementing the “thousands of mines and ten thousand acres” comprehensive management project. At present, more than 200 million yuan has been invested to restore the surface and vegetation destroyed by more than 1,000 small mines. 20,000 acres of land have been restored, including more than 8,000 acres of cultivated land, more than 8,000 acres of forest land, and more than 4,000 acres of construction and breeding land. mu. At the same time, a comprehensive management plan was formulated, identifying 52 key mining areas in the city, involving an area of ??56,000 acres of reclaimed land. It is planned to take another two years to control the natural ecological environment of all closed mining areas in the city. Practice has proven that the "Thousands of Mines and Tens of thousands of acres" comprehensive management project not only revitalizes tens of thousands of acres of barren land, achieves the development and protection of resources, and the harmonious development of the coexistence of man and nature, but also provides a solution to the balance of land occupation and compensation for construction. An effective attempt. It has been promoted throughout the province. The specific methods are as follows:

First, seven standards for the construction of “green mines” have been formulated. In other words, only if it meets these seven standards can it be considered a “green mine”. The seven standards are: First, the development and utilization of mineral resources conforms to national laws and regulations, industrial policies, mineral resources planning and geological environment protection planning. Mining does not occur in ecological functional areas, nature reserves, scenic spots, forest parks, geological parks and their surrounding areas. Mining does not cause damage to the landforms and landscapes within the visual range on both sides of major traffic arteries and tourist highways. Second, mine construction projects must conduct environmental impact assessment and mine geological environment (geological hazard) assessment. Formulate plans for mine development and utilization and geological environment protection, and pay deposits for mine geological environment restoration and management. Third, the development and utilization of mineral resources must adopt advanced production technology, and the construction period, area and method must be selected to be conducive to ecological protection; waste water in mining areas must be comprehensively utilized; open-pit mining operations must be top-down and level-based in accordance with relevant technical specifications. Bench mining. Fourth, the stacking of waste soil, waste rock, waste residue and tailings generated by the mine must meet the design requirements; waste water, dust, toxic and harmful gas emissions and noise pollution levels all meet the relevant national and provincial standards. Fifth, closed mines must implement ecological environment restoration and land reclamation, and meet the requirements of the mine geological environment protection plan. They must not cause new harm to local agriculture and nearby residents, and ensure that disputes are properly resolved.

For mine goaf subsidence areas and abandoned wells, backfill management, land reclamation or other purpose transformation must be carried out in accordance with the principle of adapting measures to local conditions; the mine waste rock piles, tailings ponds and geological disaster control rates must reach 100% and comply with relevant regulatory requirements. ; 70% of the land occupied by the closed-pit mining area shall be reclaimed as cultivated land or forest land. The vegetation restoration effect must be obvious, and the wasteland area shall be less than 30% of the total area occupied by the mining area. Sixth, the mine adopts management measures of mining and restoration at the same time, and the annual capital investment in mine environmental management must reach more than 5% of the mine's sales revenue. Seventh, the environmental protection management system of mining enterprises is sound, the mining area is tidy, and the green coverage rate is no less than 50%. Hebei Province has made it clear that new mines will be approved and constructed according to seven standards, and it will strive to make 50% of the province's established mines, closed pits or nearly closed mines meet the "green mine" construction standards within 3 to 5 years; In 2010, all mines or mining areas in the province met the "green mine" construction standards.

Second, the implementation plan of the “Thousands of Mines and Tens of Thousands of Acres” comprehensive management project was formulated, with active guidance and participation of all parties. We will insist on paying equal attention to the protection of the natural ecological environment of mines and the protection of mineral resources, and increase efforts to restore and renovate the geological environment of abandoned mines. Adhering to the policy of whoever governs will benefit, and in line with the comprehensive management of farming, farming, and animal husbandry, the management standards are to fill in the abandoned mines, clean up the slag, level the ground, and reclaim the land in the mining area. It will be implemented in stages and in batches by the land and resources department or the local township or village organization. The cost of the governance project is mainly self-raised by the governance beneficiary units, and an incentive mechanism for reclamation governance fund subsidies is implemented to effectively stimulate and mobilize the enthusiasm of multiple parties including local governments, villages and towns, collectives, and individual farmers to invest in governance. In order to provide strong policy support for the construction of "green mines", Hebei Province has implemented a geological environmental impact assessment system for newly built mines in accordance with the law since 2002; in December 2006, the "Interim Measures for the Management of Deposits for Mine Ecological Environment Restoration and Governance in Hebei Province" were officially was introduced, thereby truly bidding farewell to the phenomenon of “corporate mining and government footing the bill” in terms of governance and restoration of the ecological environment.

Third, multiple channels and various forms of investment. Funding is a big issue in comprehensively managing the mining environment. In accordance with the principle that whoever governs will benefit, Handan City has established a multi-channel investment mechanism that focuses on self-raised funds by the governance beneficiary units and is supplemented by other investments. ①Municipal Land and Resources Bureau subsidy investment form. The Handan Municipal Government has implemented a resource reserve occupation fee system since 1997. It is stipulated that non-metallic mines, coal mines, and iron ores should pay 0.1 yuan, 0.3 yuan, and 0.5 yuan per ton. As a special fund for surface restoration, more than 20 million yuan has been collected so far. In accordance with the principle of "take it from the mines and use it for management", with the consent of the municipal government, the Handan Municipal Land and Resources Bureau used the collected resource reserve occupation fees as the start-up capital for the "Thousands of Mines and Tens of thousands of acres" project. It is stipulated that for every acre of land reclaimed and managed, a subsidy of 1,000 yuan can be provided. In order to play the role of “four ounces of energy” and mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties to participate in the “thousands of mines and tens of thousands of acres” project. ② Mainly in the form of village collective investment. Over the years of mining development, many mining village collectives in Handan City have accumulated a certain amount of funds. In these villages with better economic conditions, in the process of comprehensive management, village collective investment is mainly the mainstay, and farmers provide voluntary labor. For example, in Xishimen Village, the village collective has invested more than 60 million yuan in governance funds in recent years. ③In the form of personal investment. In Hequan Village, Fengfeng Mining Area, there is the Jiushan Ecological Park built using mine wasteland. This 180-acre ecological park consists of economic forests, timber forests and a large pig farm. The total investment is more than 2,000 yuan. The mine ecological restoration project worth RMB 10,000 was completed with the personal investment of three local farmers. ④In the form of government investment. There used to be 6 small coal mines in the Donggang area of ??Xinpo Town in the Fengfeng Mining Area, as well as 70 to 80 small china clay mines and small clay mines. After these small mines were closed according to law at the end of the 20th century, they left a ruin. In recent years, the Fengfeng Mining Area Government has directly invested more than 50 million yuan in restoration and management, and a beautiful Phoenix Mountain Park has been built here. ⑤Direct investment form of county-level land and resources department.

For some mining villages with poor collective economic strength, county-level land and resources departments directly invest in restoration and management, and then hand over the cultivated land to local farmers for free. For example, in 2006, the Handan County Land and Resources Bureau raised more than 2 million yuan to restore and manage 500 acres of abandoned mining land in Donggaohe Village. Currently, these cultivated lands have been handed over to local farmers for planting.

Fourth, adopt various methods of management according to mine conditions. There are five main forms: ① The "tree planting, sealing slag, and tailings land reclamation" governance model in the West Shimen Iron Mine area. The mining area invested 101.45 million yuan from various parties, used tailings to cultivate 1,050 acres of farmland, planted 502,000 trees, greened 3,800 acres of barren hills, and built dams and diversions of 4,400 meters of rivers. Now there are thousands of fertile fields, rolling wheat waves, and a scene of vitality. ②The subsidence area management model in Xiaowang Mining Area. By burying waste rocks and waste residues, and taking soil from the collapsed mining area to cover it, new land was developed, and the original collapsed waste land was also sorted out, forming a "one surface is baked into two cakes" model. The entire The project will consolidate 2,000 acres of high-quality arable land. ③ The Chewangkou Mining Area adopts the “forest-friendly” model. There were originally more than 70 small coal kilns in the mining area. After these small coal kilns were closed, abandoned shafts were everywhere in the entire mining area, and slag accumulated everywhere. By filling the shafts, clearing the slag and leveling it, and planting more than 2,000 acres of trees, the ecological environment was improved. ④The “underground to above ground” governance model in Fengfeng Mining Area. There were originally 400 small coal mines in the area, but after the mines were shut down and production reduced, the number has now been reduced to more than 70. Private capital has been actively encouraged and guided to transfer to non-mining enterprises, and a number of coking plants and breeding pigs have been built using the original abandoned factory sites and mine wastelands. Factories, ironworks and other enterprises, as well as orchards and woodlands, transform underground cornucopias into above-ground money trees. At present, 4,600 acres of abandoned land resources in 329 closed small coal mines in 7 towns in the region have been effectively utilized. 200 new enterprises of various types have been built with an annual output value of 600 million yuan, which has become a new local economic growth point. ⑤The governance model of sand mining areas in Shexian County. Chi'an Village in Shexian County was the command center of the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Revolutionary Base during the Anti-Japanese War. In order to control the environmental damage caused by mining, more than 9 million yuan has been raised and invested to build dams and canals, fill ditches and prepare land, and develop and organize nearly a thousand acres of cultivated land, turning the former chaotic riverbank into today's Miliang River.