Practical report on social winter vacation for college students

At present, the biggest feature of college students' employment is that the total number of graduates is large and the growth rate is high, which contradicts the current situation that the overall employment situation has not improved significantly. It has become an indisputable fact that it is difficult for college students to find jobs. The main reason is the mismatch between talent supply and market demand and the poor comprehensive quality of graduates. Under the financial crisis, how to improve the quality of talent training is the key to solve the employment problem of college students. I. Main ideas and enlightenment 1. College students' practical consciousness is increasing. Although modern college students still have some shortcomings, nearly 3000 college students participated in this questionnaire survey in just two weeks, which shows that college students have strong social participation. Among the students who participated in the survey, more than 70% (73.95%) have internship or part-time experience, and more than half of them have served as student cadres during their school days. For college students, such a high proportion of internships, part-time jobs and student cadres fully shows that college students' practical awareness has been significantly enhanced: they are looking for all possible opportunities to contact the society and exercise their practical ability beyond books and theories, which is a gratifying phenomenon for parents, schools and even the whole society. If this development continues, their practical ability will obviously be generally improved and they will better adapt to the requirements of society. In this way, the problem of difficult employment will naturally be alleviated to some extent by the efforts of college students themselves. 2. College students show flexibility and reality in employment salary. First of all, although only a few respondents (1.3%) "can accept zero monthly salary", they cover four categories of people: junior college, undergraduate, master and doctor. The deep reason behind the phenomenon of "zero monthly salary" is worth discussing. Compared with college students who simply "demand" all kinds of high salaries and benefits from society and employers, college students who can accept "zero monthly salary" are likely to be more discerning and less utilitarian. Of course, they won't always have a "zero monthly salary". As long as their ability is promoted and recognized, their value will naturally be reflected accordingly. Secondly, the "acceptable monthly salary" level of college students with different educational levels (junior college, undergraduate, master and doctor) is lower than the "expected monthly salary" (about 1000 yuan), which shows that college students also show a more flexible attitude in employment salary; Thirdly, the expected monthly salary levels of junior college, undergraduate, master and doctor are concentrated at 1, 000 ~ 2,000 yuan, 2,000 ~ 3,000 yuan, 3,000 ~ 5,000 yuan and more than 5,000 yuan respectively, which reveals that students with different educational levels are more realistic in employment salary. Undoubtedly, this flexibility and reality will certainly help college students find jobs. 3. Various experiences of college students' employment pressure increase with the increase of expected monthly salary. The survey shows that under the same education level, with the increase of expected salary, individuals feel greater stress experience. In other words, high salary expectations will lead to a significant increase in the employment pressure of college students. Therefore, appropriately lowering the material expectation of salary will help to alleviate the employment pressure of college students themselves. 4. The proportion of college students willing to work in the west and grassroots needs to be improved. Compared with the employment space in the vast western regions and grass-roots towns or suburbs, the urban space in developed regions is relatively limited. The concentration of college students in these cities will definitely intensify employment competition, thus increasing the employment pressure of college students. The survey found that less than 30% of college students (27.5%) are willing to go to the west, while nearly 40% (39.2%) clearly indicated that they are unwilling to go to the west, which is significantly higher than the number who are willing to go to the west. Compared with going to the west, the acceptance of suburban and township grassroots seems to be better, with the proportion of "willing" and "unwilling" being 34.2% and 34.7% respectively. If more college students are willing to go to the western region or grass-roots towns and suburbs for employment, I believe that the employment pressure of all aspects (including college students themselves) will be greatly alleviated. How to change the employment orientation of college students and improve their willingness to go to the western region, grassroots towns and suburbs is a topic worthy of in-depth discussion. 5. College students' sense of employment pressure is related to their attribution style. The factors leading to employment pressure are obvious in four dimensions: family, school, society and individual. Comprehensive analysis of the above four dimensions *** 10 shows that parents' and individuals' self-confidence has the greatest influence on college students' employment. Among them, the top four factors (low status of parents, unfair employers, poor school reputation, and inconsistent views of parents on employment) are external factors. When employment is not smooth, too many external factors will naturally lead to complaints, accusations and even attacks, which is not conducive to the improvement of one's own quality. Such a result may form an obvious vicious circle (employment is not smooth-external causes-complaints, accusations, attacks-employment is even worse). Interestingly, the survey found that students with internship or part-time experience are more inclined to internal attribution. They believe that personal self-confidence, ability and personal career planning are more related to successful employment. These students with internship and part-time experience have increased their chances of success because they are more popular in employment, and the tendency of internal attribution will in turn strengthen their sense of accomplishment and further improve their own quality. This result may form an obvious virtuous circle (smooth employment-internal attribution-strengthening sense of accomplishment-smoother). 6. The subjective feeling of college students' employment pressure is obviously high. Employment pressure has a significant impact on college students' subjective feelings of physiology (sleep), psychology (worry, pessimism) and behavior (work efficiency, life rules). Among them, the proportion of "worrying at the thought of graduation" is as high as 52%, while the proportion of "optimistic about the current employment situation" is less than 9%. According to the basic principle of stress, personal subjective evaluation will seriously affect the final sense of stress: in the face of the same employment environment and situation, different people's sense of stress will be obviously different; The mass media, parents' expectations, school requirements, etc. may also over-exaggerate the employment pressure, causing college students who lack social experience to have too much fear, thus affecting the increase of subjective pressure of college students. It should be pointed out that the employment stress index of college students revealed in this survey is on the high side, which should be paid attention to by relevant departments and corresponding measures should be taken to avoid affecting their physical and mental health. 7. Education level has obvious influence on employment pressure. It is found that the average level of stress of graduate students is significantly higher than that of other groups (junior college students, undergraduates and doctoral students). The pressure experience of doctoral students in emotional experience is obviously greater than that of other people (junior college students, undergraduate students and master students). The increase of knowledge and the improvement of academic qualifications cannot explain the enhancement of psychological quality and comprehensive ability. If unreasonable expectations and employment orientation are added, it is likely to make employment more difficult. How to turn the advantages of academic qualifications and knowledge into employment advantages is a problem that the majority of highly educated students need to think about. 8. The coping styles of college students need professional guidance. When encountering pressure, everyone may have a habitual coping mode. The survey found that most college students who participated in this survey would choose positive ways such as "talking to someone" and "actively seeking solutions" to cope with stress; However, quite a few people will choose negative coping styles such as "self-suppression" and "avoidance". For those who habitually adopt negative mode to cope with stress, they need the reasonable guidance of professional psychologists to help them gradually adopt positive coping mode, so as to effectively relieve various pressures and improve their physical and mental health.

I. Investigation Report on College Students' Employment The enrollment expansion policy of colleges and universities has caused a sharp increase in the number of college students, which has also had a great impact on the employment situation of college students after graduation. It has long been an indisputable fact that employment is difficult. It seems that "unemployment after graduation" has also become a common psychology of college students. For every college student, it is necessary to plan his career as soon as possible, analyze, summarize and measure the subjective and objective factors that determine his career, and determine the goal of struggle, so as to be invincible in the highly competitive employment environment. In view of this social phenomenon, we launched a questionnaire on college students' employment.

Analysis of survey data: College graduates are very important human resources in the talent market. In recent years, with the large-scale enrollment expansion of colleges and universities, the number of college students has risen sharply, and the number of graduates has also increased year by year, which is followed by the employment problem of graduates. In fact, there is a lack of effective communication channels between graduates and enterprises, the employment standards of enterprises and the selection conditions of talents in enterprises have not been passed on to college students in an effective time, and the cultivation of college students lacks market orientation. This makes college students lack enough information in employment, which leads to blindness in employment. Objective: To understand college students' employment expectations, their own quality evaluation, school employment guidance and their views on the employment situation, so as to understand the impact of the current employment situation on college students; By investigating the influencing factors of college students' employment, we can better adjust the relationship between supply and demand between employers and graduates; Make a new description of the development of career planning for contemporary college students; Help college students know themselves as soon as possible, and the school provides students with employment guidance, so that students can seek ideal jobs. Provide reference for students in the future job search and employment process. Survey conclusions and suggestions: 1. College students seldom pay attention to employment prospects. The survey shows that college students pay little attention to employment information. Only 24% of the students said that they have been paying attention to employment information, while 765,438+0% of the students only pay attention to it occasionally. The importance attached to the employment situation directly affects the degree of preparation for the chosen occupation and the level of achievement brought by the future occupation. Most students are worried about their future jobs, but they lack such basic efforts in real life. Typical eye-catching low performance. To sum up the reasons for this: 1. Because students still live in a comfortable campus, they don't know enough about the fierce social life. Economically, I still rely on my parents, forgetting the tension caused by employment pressure. Every day, I still live like a middle school, and I have no accurate knowledge and understanding of employment after class. 2. The employment guidance provided by the school is not in place. The students said that although the school offered a career guidance course, it only talked about general principles and lacked practical ability. 2. There are defects in college students' personal abilities. Self-cognition includes personal interests and specialties, personal personality and values, personal goals and needs, personal emotional intelligence, personal work experience, personal education and ability, personal physiological conditions and so on. Self-awareness is one of the important contents of career planning. Through the understanding of some employers, it is found that the basic comprehensive qualities of college students needed by society should include ideological health and morality, self-discipline, honesty, good coordination, easy cooperation with others, and excellent professional and technical knowledge and basic knowledge of laws and regulations.

Article 1 New changes in the employment market of college students in China In recent years, there have been many new changes in the employment of college graduates in China: (1) Local college students in China are facing the competition of international joint education. In recent years, China's higher education market has gradually opened to foreign investment, and various forms of foreign educational institutions have entered, and there are more types of talent training institutions. They not only provide short-term training for talents, but also run schools jointly with domestic universities. This brand-new talent training mode directly challenges the talent training mode of local colleges and universities in China, and has expanded many competitors for the employment of students in local colleges and universities in China. (2) The talent market pays more attention to "good" majors. The so-called "good" major or "hot" major refers to the major that is in short supply in the current job market. In recent years, an important factor affecting the employment of college students is whether the majors studied in universities are consistent with social needs. Employers have higher professional preference for college students than universities, and some famous schools are not suitable for students majoring in marketing. While paying attention to "specialty", employers also attach great importance to the "specialty" of college graduates, and compound talents with expertise are the hot spots for employers to compete for employment. (3) The influence of returned overseas students on the employment of college students in China has intensified. In recent years, the wave of overseas students returning to China is getting higher and higher, which directly squeezes the employment space of domestic college students. These international students have a deeper understanding of the operating rules of the world economy and the legal systems of various countries. After years of training abroad, their social practice ability and ability to control the differences of social culture and political system in different countries are relatively strong, and they are strong competitors in the employment of domestic college students. (Data collection: Luan Haiyan, Xie Ying) Second, the main problems of college students' employment at present. The proportion of college students in China's total population is far below the average level of developed countries. However, in recent years, the employment situation of college students is very severe, and there are many reasons for the employment problems of college students, mainly including: (1) the misunderstanding of employers 1) paying too much attention to diplomas. Many employers believe that the higher the education, the better. Choosing a candidate with academic qualifications will lead to the mismatch between the level and ability of the employed personnel and the post, or cause a waste of talents. For example, some units recruit graduate students in computer software only for simple word processing such as typing in their own units. In real work, some people's ability and diploma can't be equated directly, and many undergraduate or junior college students' professional ability is not worse than that of graduate students. 2) There is gender discrimination. Female college students are obviously at a disadvantage. Many employers consider female college students' physiological factors, marriage factors, achievement motivation, maternity insurance premium and labor protection expenses of female employees. Under the same circumstances, the future work cost of female college students is higher than that of male college students, which is the main reason why female college students are difficult to find jobs. 3) Regional discrimination of students. Considering the close relationship between their business and the local area, many employers hope to recruit college students who are familiar with local dialects, customs and even have a certain interpersonal network. When selecting talents, local talents are given priority. Even some local governments have geographical discrimination when recruiting civil servants, and local protectionism is not conducive to fair competition among college students. 4) Pay too much attention to work experience. Lack of experience is the biggest disadvantage of college graduates. Many employers have difficulties in operation and are eager to recruit talents in a certain field, hoping to bring changes to enterprises soon, but ordinary college students can't meet the requirements of employers. Employers ignore the potential and plasticity of college students. In fact, experience is always cultivated in practice. College students have a high level of theory, so long as they have a short practice time, they can be competent for their work. (2) Misunderstanding of college graduates-there are many problems with college graduates themselves. (1) integrity problem. Many graduates find that having a certain certificate, diploma and resume when applying for a job can bring convenience to finding a job. Some college students strive to obtain relevant certificates during their college years, while those who don't work hard cheat the initial trust of enterprises by opportunistic or fraudulent means, which will do some damage to the overall image of college graduates. 2) The overall quality of college students has a downward trend. Due to the enrollment expansion of public colleges and universities in recent years, coupled with the rapid increase of private colleges and universities, the enrollment scale has been expanding and the enrollment scores have been decreasing. In addition, many college students are not serious in college study, have poor practical ability and lack practical experience, and the overall quality of college students has a downward trend. 3) The orientation of college students is biased. Everyone wants to find a unit with high income and good treatment. Due to the unbalanced economic development in various regions of China, there is a big gap between the eastern and western regions, coastal areas and the mainland. When college graduates choose employment areas, they are excessively concentrated in hot spots such as Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen, which causes obvious increase in employment pressure in these areas. At the same time, college students' psychological orientation of "neither high nor low" seriously affects employment. According to Zhongxin. com. Com, one of the main reasons for the difficulty in obtaining employment in this subject is the psychological state of "at present, undergraduates can't go to high school and can't go to low school". 4) The way to find a job is not accurate. Many college students spread their nets by participating in various talent exchange meetings, or hope to win a "golden rice bowl" through acquaintances who are not good at "selling" themselves and have no practical advantage for themselves, so as to improve the employment rate by paying attention to understanding the actual needs of employers. (3) Misunderstandings in colleges and universities-There are many problems in colleges and universities in China at present. (1) Teachers in key universities generally attach importance to scientific research, but their sense of responsibility for undergraduate teaching is weak. Some teachers give full lectures, don't give tutoring after class, and the examination standards are not strict. Students evaluate that the final exam is final. Ignoring the contents and methods of education and having narrow professional knowledge; The curriculum for training research-oriented talents and senior professionals is not clear; The internal operation of colleges and universities is closed, lacking self-evaluation and improvement functions; The disciplinary structure of higher education is unreasonable. Although the Ministry of Education has adjusted the disciplines and majors of colleges and universities, it is still difficult to meet the needs of the market because of the uneven level of running colleges and universities. Especially in private colleges and universities, due to financial reasons, "emphasizing literature over reason" is serious. 2) Coupled with quick success and instant benefit, many colleges and universities set up majors with less investment and quick results regardless of whether their own "software" and "hardware" are allowed, which leads to further imbalance of majors and further employment difficulties for college students. (Data collection, Zhao Min, Zhu Mengting) III Countermeasures to solve the employment problem of college students Because there are many reasons for the employment problem of college students, it is a systematic project to effectively solve the employment problem of college students, which requires the joint efforts of employers, college students, universities and society. 1 Countermeasures of Employers First of all, employers should establish a scientific view of talents, change the empiricism and academic qualifications, abandon discrimination in employing people, encourage everyone to contribute and compete for talents. Secondly, the selection criteria should be reasonable. The employing unit shall formulate relevant job descriptions according to its own scale, nature, development status and actual position, refine job responsibilities, formulate reasonable selection criteria according to job requirements, and determine the quality and quantity of recruiters. Third, determine the scientific recruitment procedures. It is necessary to determine the procedures for recruitment assessment, formulate the assessment contents, and select the best candidates after assessment according to the procedures. 2 Countermeasures for college students to cope with employment problems 1) Strive to improve their comprehensive quality, including quality and ability. Contemporary college students must have the character of integrating their career with national progress, social development and human civilization, advocating truth, goodness and beauty, adhering to the truth, having a strong sense of professionalism and responsibility, having good professional ethics, and establishing a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values. In addition to quality, we also need to pay attention to the cultivation of ability, which is the external expression of a person's quality and a part that plays a direct role in society. Nowadays, college students in society must cultivate themselves as much as possible, such as the ability to deal with information, interpersonal skills, systematic handling of things, good human and resource skills, and the ability to use technology. 2) Strengthen social practice. College students can actively participate in social practice during holidays, combine theoretical knowledge with practical work, improve their ability to deal with practical problems and accumulate work experience. 3) Correct employment orientation. At present, college students should face the reality, update their ideas and change their thinking according to the actual market situation, and work in the position that suits them best, instead of paying too much attention to salary level and geographical location. Only in this way can they give full play to their intelligence and finally realize the value of life. 4) Grasp employment opportunities through various channels. At present, college students can find suitable jobs through talent exchange and network resources, actively and boldly exert their true talents and practical knowledge, and cherish and seize hard-won employment opportunities. 5) Employment before choosing a job. Facing the severe employment situation, college students should change their employment concept if they have to, that is, find a job first and then choose a job. They can't pursue it step by step as they used to. If they haggle over whether their current professional posts are ideal or not, they will lose many opportunities to start. They can accumulate work experience in the previous employment process, greatly improve their self-worth and lay the foundation for finding an ideal job in the future. 3 Countermeasures to improve the employment of college students 1) We should strive to improve the level of running schools. Colleges and universities should change their ideas, grasp the trend of internationalization of education, strengthen exchanges and cooperation in the field of higher education in the world, and comprehensively improve the level of running schools. Colleges and universities should establish correct educational objectives, actively cultivate college students' knowledge and ability, and cultivate college students with excellent comprehensive quality who can constantly pursue truth and scientific spirit and work for the health cause of the motherland for more than 50 years. 2) With the deepening of educational reform, colleges and universities must be market-oriented, closely linked with the actual situation of economic and social development, speed up the adjustment of professional structure of colleges and universities, and rationally allocate educational resources in order to cultivate marketable talents. The existing discipline structure can not fully meet the requirements of China's economic structure adjustment, industrial structure upgrading and social development, and must be adjusted in time. 3) Establish and improve the employment service system for college students. Colleges and universities should establish a graduate employment guidance and service system integrating education, management, guidance and service as soon as possible. Establish a service-oriented employment organization for college graduates, work independently, and provide graduates and employers with all-round, multi-level and three-dimensional service contents and forms such as information service, consulting service, guidance service and training service, so as to create favorable conditions for college students to establish correct career ideals and job-hunting concepts, master competitive skills and actively participate in talent market competition. 4 Other social and government countermeasures-the government and society should work together to solve the employment problem of college students. 4) The government and society must make corresponding overall adjustment. The employment situation of college students reflects the level of social development from one side, which directly affects the development of higher education and people's judgment on the value of higher education. The government should strive to develop the economy, adjust the industrial structure, especially establish high-tech industries and improve the industrial level, so as to increase the absorption capacity of humanities graduates and make the talent training in colleges and universities and the use of talents in society link up well. This is the responsibility of the government and society. (Data collection: Li He, Jing Li) Various requirements faced by four college students A) Poor supply and demand-the contradiction between supply and demand of graduates is the direct cause recognized by the society in recent years. B) Poor selection of materials-the employment of fresh graduates is not welcome. While it is difficult for college graduates to find jobs, it is also common for employers to find materials. C) Same major-there is a surplus of popular majors. In recent years, some engineering colleges and schools with professional characteristics have pursued all-round development and launched popular majors one after another, making it more difficult for graduates of these majors to find jobs. D) Low salary-The survey results of the salary expectation questionnaire of college students show that 66.4% of undergraduate graduates want their monthly salary to be more than 2,000 yuan, but according to the survey results of relevant institutions in Beijing and Shanghai, the average market value of college students' monthly salary is 1.600 ~ 1.700 yuan/month, and the expectations of graduates are obviously higher than the social reality level, which also leads some college students to ". E) Fake recruitment-the amount of effective recruitment information is reduced. Some enterprises take advantage of the current situation that the supply of college students exceeds the demand, and launch fake recruitment. First, they offer attractive treatment conditions, then charge fees in the name of training, and then dismiss students for reasons such as unqualified trial. On the surface, there are many recruitment information channels for college students' employment, but there are not many effective and practical information, and college students get less real and effective information, which leads to employment difficulties. F) Lack of experience-there are more professors than "coaches", and the biggest difficulty college students encounter in job hunting is "lack of work experience", accounting for 63%. China's education system has been training talents according to a model for many years, and the specialty setting is divorced from the social needs, without paying attention to the cultivation of students' practical ability. College students have professional knowledge, but they lack good psychological quality, etiquette and legal concepts. In universities, there are professors, but there is a lack of "coaches". G) Afraid of hardship-unwilling to start at the grassroots level. Many enterprises report that college students are unwilling to accept fresh college students because of their low working mentality, divorced from reality, lack of hard-working spirit, poor interpersonal skills and selfishness. H) Frequent job-hopping-enterprises complain that "the tuition fees are too high" and the stability of college students after employment is poor, which is another important reason why enterprises are unwilling to accept college students. Within one or two years after enterprises accept college students, the turnover rate is above 30%, reaching 50% of the total number of enterprises surveyed. Even large enterprises like Lenovo Group think that their tuition fees are too high for college students with high turnover rate (data collected in Lei). Fifth, college students should look at themselves more objectively, establish a rational view of employment, and regard themselves as ordinary workers; Grassroots employment should be considered; The estimation of wages should be more objective; Efforts should be made to improve the overall quality and cultivate talents with both ability and political integrity; Special attention should also be paid to career planning, because if college students want to choose an ideal career and make a difference, they should consciously link their studies with their future work as soon as they enter school, establish a reasonable knowledge structure, cultivate a scientific way of thinking and improve their practical skills. We college students should not be a vulnerable group in employment, and there should be no problem of not finding a job, only difficulties in employment fields, industries and starting salaries. To sum up, the alleviation and solution of college students' employment difficulties depend on economic development, as well as system reform and concept renewal. Solving the employment of graduates is a systematic project, which involves the government, society, schools and students themselves, and requires the joint efforts of government management departments, universities and society, including graduates themselves. Among them, it is easier to solve the employment problem of college students from the students themselves. After all, the changes and adjustments of a market are time-delayed, and only by finding reasons from ourselves can we cope with the constant changes. If every student can comprehensively improve his comprehensive quality, have real talent and practical learning, and change his concept at the same time, he can succeed in the fierce competition and get an ideal career.