Interesting philosophical case

? Philosophy is abstract and difficult to understand, especially the understanding and application of some philosophical principles, which is a problem for students. But you can deepen your understanding of knowledge points in interesting cases.

? First, divide the oranges.

? A mother gave an orange to her neighbor's two children. Two children discuss how to divide oranges. Two people quarreled and finally reached an agreement. One child was responsible for cutting oranges and the other chose oranges. As a result, the two children each got half an orange according to the agreed method and took it home happily.

? The first child took half an orange home, peeled it, threw it into the trash can, and put the pulp in the blender to make juice. Another child came home, dug out the pulp and threw it into the trash can, leaving the orange peel to be ground and mixed with flour to bake the cake. Economic thinking: a child throws away the peel and a child throws away the pulp, which is a great waste of resources. If they communicate with each other, they can exchange the needed goods, adjust the surplus and deficiency, realize the optimal allocation of resources, maximize their respective interests, and obtain a "win-win" result. This shows how important negotiation and trade are under the condition of market economy.

? Philosophical thinking: connection refers to the mutual influence and restriction between things and internal factors of things. The connection between things is universal and objective, which requires us to adhere to the view of connection when solving problems and doing things. The two children have mutual influence and restriction on eating oranges, and this relationship exists objectively, so they will be punished for separation (no communication) (both children can't eat well).

? Second, change the angle.

? Bulgaria met Czechoslovakia at a European basketball championship. With eight seconds left in the game, Bulgaria led by two points and was basically a shoo-in. However, the round robin system is adopted in the competition, and the Bulgarian team must win more than 5 points to win. It's not easy to win another 3 points with only 8 seconds left in the game.

? At this time, the coach of the Bulgarian team suddenly asked for a time-out. After the time-out, the game continued. Unexpected things happened on the court: I saw Bulgarian players suddenly dribble to their own basket, quickly take off and shoot, and the ball went into the net. The audience was dumbfounded. It was time for the whole game. However, when the referee announced that the tie between the two sides needed overtime, everyone suddenly realized. This unexpected move by the Bulgarian team created a chance for themselves to come back to life. As a result of overtime, Bulgaria won 6 points and qualified as scheduled.

? Economic thinking: the operation of market economy is like a basketball game. The competition between Bulgaria and Czechoslovakia is fierce, and the relationship between the two teams is equal, just as the market economy has the characteristics of equality and competition. Market economy has the characteristics of legitimacy, and the legitimacy of market economy is just like the rules of basketball game. Without rules, the game can't go on, and without the rule of law, the market economy will be chaotic. The coach of the Bulgarian team abides by the rules of the basketball game and uses them reasonably, which shows that he has high professional quality. This is just as the operators of enterprises play an important role in the survival and development of enterprises.

Philosophical thinking: Creative thinking is under the guidance of scientific theory, facing the reality, daring to ask and solve new problems. Creative thinking, it is very important to dare to break the routine, reverse thinking, divergent thinking, dare to find another way and do something new. It is amazing that the coach of the Bulgarian team dares to find another way to qualify under the premise of obeying the rules.

I hope these interesting cases will help you to learn philosophy.

? Third, the gambling of economists.

? Economists like to admit death. During the debate, both sides held their own opinions and did not give in to each other. No one can convince anyone, so the right person wins and the wrong person loses.

? The two American economists who made this bet are Julien Simon of Maryland State University and Parr Elridge of Stanford University. On the future of mankind, Elridge is a pessimist. He thinks that the future of mankind is not good because of population explosion, food shortage, consumption of non-renewable resources and environmental pollution. Simon is an optimist. He thinks that the technological progress and price mechanism of human society will solve all kinds of problems in human development, and the future of mankind is bright. These views of the two of them represent two fundamentally opposite views of the academic community on the future of mankind. This debate is related to the future of mankind and is of special concern to the world.

? None of them could convince anyone, so they decided to take a gamble. Their argument involves too many issues. What are they betting on? They decided to bet whether the non-renewable resources would be exhausted. Non-renewable resources refer to those resources that can never be used up, such as oil, coal and various ores. The reserves of this resource on the earth are limited. The less we use it, the more we will use it one day. Pessimist Elridge's point of view is that this resource will be used up sooner or later, and the end of mankind will come soon. The consumption and crisis of this non-renewable resource is manifested in the sharp rise in its price. Optimist Simon's point of view is that this resource will not be exhausted, the price will not rise sharply, and it will fall.

? They chose five metals: chromium, copper, nickel, tin and tungsten. Buy 1 0,000 USD equivalent metal in an imaginary way, and each metal is 200 USD. Based on1September 29, 1980, if the prices of these five metals really rose on September 29, 1990, Simon will pay Elridge the total price difference of these metals. On the other hand, if the prices of these five metals fall, Elridge will pay Simon the total difference.

? This gamble will take a long time. By 1990, the prices of these five metals all fell without exception. Elridge lost, but the professor kept his promise. Elridge gave Simon his $57,607.

? Economic thinking: this is the expression of the law of value and the result of mutual restriction and influence between price and supply and demand. In a market economy, price is the "invisible hand" that regulates the economy. When a resource is in short supply, the price will definitely rise. Rising prices increase supply, reduce demand, and finally balance supply and demand. On the contrary, when a certain resource is in excess and the supply exceeds the demand, the price will definitely fall. Falling prices reduce supply, increase demand, and finally achieve a balance between supply and demand. Therefore, as long as the price is allowed to float freely, the price can accurately reflect the scarcity of resources and effectively adjust the relationship between supply and demand. These five metals are undoubtedly non-renewable resources, but they are also subject to price adjustment like any other resources. When the supply of these five metals is in short supply, their prices will definitely rise. But why are these five metals getting less and less in reality, but the prices are falling, so Simon won the bet? The key lies in the role of rising prices in stimulating supply.

? Philosophical thinking: practice is the only criterion to test whether understanding is correct or not. Whether the knowledge generated and developed in practice is correct is not proved by human subjective knowledge itself, even if it is judged and reasoned by using advanced methods and developed minds, it is of no help. The object of knowledge itself is not "self-evident", but can only be proved by practice and the test of its results, because a correct understanding is one that is consistent with objective things. Julien Simon and Paul Elridge bet on whether their understanding is correct or not, and who wins or loses. Only economic practice can make a judgment.

? Fourth, sell wooden combs to monks.

? There is a large company with quite good benefits, and it has decided to further expand its business scale and recruit marketing executives with high salaries. As soon as the advertisement came out, the candidates gathered. In the face of many applicants, the person in charge of recruitment said, "It's not as good as horse racing. In order to select high-quality marketers, we have a practical test: find ways to sell wooden combs to monks as much as possible. "

? Most applicants are puzzled and even angry: what's the use of a monk shaving his head and a wooden comb? Isn't making fun of others insane? After a while, I saw the candidates leave one after another and almost disappeared. Finally, there are only three applicants left: Xiao Yi, Xiaoshi and Xiaoqian.

The person in charge told the other three applicants: "Only 10 days, please report the sales results to me then."

? 10 The date is up. The person in charge asked Xiaoyi, "How much did you sell?" A: "One." "How much is it?" Xiao Yi described the sufferings he endured and the grievances he was scolded and beaten by monks. Fortunately, on the way down the mountain, I met a young monk who was sunbathing and scratching his dirty and thick scalp. XiaoYi a brainwave, hurriedly handed over a wooden comb. The young monk was filled with joy after using it and bought one.

? The person in charge asked Xiaoshi again, "How much did you sell?" Answer: "10." "How much is it?" Xiaoshi said that he went to a famous ancient temple. Due to the high mountains and strong winds, the pilgrim's hair was blown out of order. Xiaoshi found the abbot of the temple and said, "unkempt appearance is disrespectful to the Buddha." A wooden comb should be placed in front of the incense table in each temple for good men and women to comb their temples. "The abbot took Xiaoshi's advice. There are 10 temples in that mountain, so I bought 10 wooden combs.

? The person in charge asked Xiao Qian again, "How much did you sell?" Answer: "1000." The person in charge was surprised and asked, "How much is it?" Xiao Gan said that he went to a famous incense burning temple in the mountains, where pilgrims were like clouds and donors were in an endless stream. Penny said to the abbot, "Everyone who comes to worship has a sincere heart. The temple should give something back as a souvenir to keep him safe and auspicious and encourage him to do more good deeds." I have a batch of wooden combs, and your handwriting is very good. You can carve the words' Jishan comb' first, and then you can make a gift. "The abbot was overjoyed and immediately bought a wooden comb of 1000 and asked Xiao Gan to stay for a few days. * * * Attended the gift ceremony of "Jishan comb" for the first time. I am very happy to get the benefactor and pilgrim of Jishan comb. When the news reached ten o'clock, there were more pilgrims and more incense. That's not all. Here comes the fun. The abbot hopes to sell more wooden combs of different grades and exchange some small money for donors and pilgrims of different levels.

? Economic thinking: the use value and value of commodities are unified, and the use value is the material undertaker of value. The purpose of people buying goods is to obtain the use value of goods. In order to realize the value smoothly, producers and sellers must attach importance to the use value. Is there only one use value for a commodity? Does the comb have any additional functions besides combing the hair? Penny discovered the gift function of the wooden comb that others didn't find, so that she could develop new markets in places that others thought impossible and become a real marketing expert.

? Philosophical thinking: matter determines consciousness, which requires us to proceed from reality. Proceed from reality, not from a single factor, but from the reality of complex changes; Starting from reality, there is no need for people to passively adapt to the objective situation. People can give full play to their subjective initiative to change the original state of things. Xiao Qian's success as a marketing expert is the result of his full and correct initiative from the complicated and changeable reality.

The greatest salesman in the world

? Joe girard is regarded as the greatest salesman in the world. He sold 1300 1 car in 15, which set a record of selling 1425 cars a year (4 cars a day on average) and was recorded in the Guinness Book of World Records. So do you want to know the secret of his promotion? He told such a story:

I remember once a middle-aged woman walked into my exhibition hall and said that she wanted to watch cars here to kill time. During the chat, she told me that she wanted to buy a white Ford car, just like the one driven by her cousin, but the salesman across the street told her to arrive in an hour, so she came first. She also said it was a birthday present for herself: "Today is my 55th birthday."

"Happy birthday! Madam. " As I spoke, I invited her in to have a look, then went out to explain, and then came back and said to her, "Madam, you like white cars. Since you have time now, I'd like to introduce our coupe to you-it's also white. "

? While we were talking, the female secretary came in and handed me a dozen roses. I gave the flower to the woman: "I wish you a long life, dear lady."

? Obviously, she was moved and her eyes were wet. "No one has given me a gift for a long time." She said, "That Ford salesman must have seen me driving an old car just now and thought I couldn't afford a new one. I was just about to look at the car, and he said he would charge a sum of money, so I came here to wait for him. Actually, I just want a white car, but my cousin's car is Ford, so I also want to buy Ford. Now think about it, you can buy Ford without it. "

? Finally, she bought a Chevrolet from me and wrote a check for the full amount. In fact, from the beginning to the end, nothing in my words advised her to give up Ford and buy Chevrolet. Just because she felt valued here, she gave up her original plan and chose my product instead.

? Economic thinking: under the condition of market economy, the trading activities in the commodity service market must follow certain market trading principles. The principles of market transactions mainly include voluntariness, equality, fairness and good faith. It is the basic condition to ensure orderly and standardized market transactions. In the commodity service market, although both parties appear as buyers and sellers, they are both market subjects with equal status and equal opportunities. Since we are equal, we should respect each other. The principle of good faith is the basic spirit of modern market transactions. Give people equality and respect, and insist on honesty, so as to bring benefits, credibility and business prosperity to themselves. Joe girard's victory is a victory of equality and honesty.

Philosophical Thinking: On the one hand, joe girard consciously abides by the laws of value and market, on the other hand, he finally succeeded through his own subjective efforts and unremitting pursuit. This embodies the unity of objective regularity and subjective initiative.

Six, clumsy and clever

It is said that a "funny product description" selection meeting was held in Britain, and several classic "descriptions" were selected: a sleeping pill produced by a pharmaceutical factory, the bottle said "taking this medicine will cause drowsiness"; Peanuts supplied by American Airlines with the flight, the packaging bag says "please open the bag to eat"; A box of canned sardines reads, "The raw materials of this product are selected from the first-class sardines produced in orkney Bay Lake Tidal Fishing Ground, and the meat is fresh and tender ... Note: fish is included"; The instruction manual of a hair dryer reminds consumers: "Please don't use it while sleeping"; Several brands of Christmas lights are marked: "for indoor or outdoor use only" ...

I believe people all over China will laugh after reading it: These foreign businessmen are really stupid. However, an old American woman burned her mouth with coffee in a restaurant and claimed $5 million from the restaurant owner. What is even more incredible is that the court actually supported this request! In this case, do you still think it ridiculous that the coffee cup brought to you by the waiter is printed with the words "Coffee burns your mouth, please drink it carefully"? You forgot to turn off the hair dryer when you slept, and you caught a cold. You can go to court to sue the manufacturer the next day. Therefore, it is necessary for manufacturers to indicate "Please don't use it during sleep" in the instructions.

Economic thinking: consumer rights and interests are the inevitable requirement of the development of market economy. The more fully consumers' rights are exercised, the more producers and operators can meet consumers' wishes and requirements for the supply of various commodities and services; Social resources can be optimally allocated; The more standardized and orderly the market operation. Consumers should have a strong awareness of protecting their legitimate rights and interests according to law. Consumers' right to know refers to consumers' right to know the real situation of goods or services when purchasing them, and to ask business operators to provide the price, place of origin, producer, use, performance, specification, grade, main components, production date, expiration date, inspection certificate, instruction manual, after-sales service or service content, specification and cost, etc. according to different situations of goods or services. The seemingly funny description of goods in the case is the respect and maintenance of consumers' rights and interests by manufacturers.

Philosophical thinking: contradiction is the source and motive force of the development of things, and it is the contradictory and unified relationship between the two sides that promotes the development of things. Mature markets cultivate mature consumers, mature consumers create mature manufacturers, and mature manufacturers effectively safeguard the market.