Four major news agencies

The earliest news agency in the world is generally considered to be Hawass news agency founded by Hawass in France in 1835.

1826, Hawass established a news agency to provide news and materials for the translation of foreign newspapers. Its subscribers are mainly diplomats and people in trade and finance. He suggested that the publishing house subscribe to the manuscript, but it was rejected.

Eight years later, cheap newspapers appeared in France. Unlike the party newspaper, cheap papers paid attention to news instead of speech. According to this change, Hawass founded Hawass News Agency in 1 835, recruited journalists and collected news, and started the business of quickly translating news articles from foreign newspapers. Some cheap papers also joined the customers. Hawass himself and Hawass Society thus established an important position in the French press.

Balzac wrote in Paris Magazine edited by him in 1840: "Generally speaking, there are many newspapers in Paris, but to be honest, strictly speaking, there is only one newspaper in Paris, and that is the press release edited by Hawass News Agency, which was run by Mr. Hawass, who once opened a bank in Rousseau Street. The office of this news agency is located in front of the post office, so newspapers from all over the world will arrive in Hawass soon. In other words, Mr Hawass got the news from all over the world before anyone in Paris. In this sense, Hawass knows everything except the diplomatic authorities. "

In order to improve the timeliness of service, Hawass Institute constantly uses new technical means to improve the existing delivery system and expand its business scope.

1840, Hawass began to train homing pigeons and launched homing pigeon delivery services from Brussels to Paris and London to Paris.

1845 has set up branches in Rome, Brussels, Vienna, Madrid and the United States.

Hawass opened the telegraph transmission service between Paris and Brussels on 1848 after the cable telegraph was put into practical use.

1857 signed contracts with French advertising agencies and local newspapers to exchange news provided by news agencies for several advertising pages in each newspaper, and then sold the pages to advertisers. This method of combining communication business with advertising business is extremely successful, which not only expands the influence of news agency news on society and the press, but also solves the fund demand for further development of news agencies, thus making news agencies stand firm in the press.

1859, Hawass signed a news exchange contract with Reuters in Britain and Wolff in Germany, and soon began to use the Atlantic submarine cable connecting Europe and America. Hawass's business has expanded to a global scale. Wolff news agency is the ancestor of German news agency and one of the earliest and largest news agencies in the world. Bernard Wolff, its founder, worked briefly for Havas news agency in France. 1848 returned to Germany to take over as president of Berlin's National Daily. In order to reduce the cost of newspaper interview, Wolf News Agency 1849 was established.

1856, exchange economy and stock market with Reuters;

Three years later, he signed contracts with Reuters, Hawass and new york Associated Press to exchange political and economic news.

However, due to the lack of smooth telecommunications links in continental Europe at that time, it was not until the 1960s that Wolff was able to provide regular news services for German newspapers and commercial companies. Paul Julius Reuters (1816-1899), the founder of Reuters, worked as a translator in Hawass news agency. 1849, he left the agency and set up a communication agency in Aachen, Germany, using homing pigeons to transmit business and stock market to Brussels, but the effect was not satisfactory.

1850, the submarine cable in the English Channel was successfully laid. The following year, Reuters officially founded the Reuters in London. The content of its dissemination is mainly business news, and its subscribers are mostly bankers and securities brokers. Later, political and diplomatic news was gradually increased, and news reports in the modern sense began.

Reuters didn't get the support of the London press at first, and was in a difficult situation. The Times, for example, is the most powerful one against Reuters.

1858, at the instigation of Reuters, London Guang Zhi Morning Post became the first newspaper subscriber of this institution. Then the Daily Telegraph, the Herald Morning Post, the Morning Post, the Banner and so on. Have become frequent visitors to Reuters. In the face of fierce competition, The Times has to adopt the news from Reuters. With the support of London media, Reuters's business expanded rapidly. The American Civil War and the Franco-German relationship in Europe became the focus of its international reports. At the same time, Reuters also extended its tentacles to the undeveloped areas of Asia, Africa and Oceania, and competed with the other two major news agencies in Europe.

Before 1870, Reuters finally established its dominant position.

A Brief History of Reuters

185 1 year, German Julius Reuters was founded in London.

1858, it won the first newspaper subscriber in London-Guang Zhi Morning Post. Later, The Times had to adopt the news from Reuters, which was finally recognized by the London press and developed into a news agency providing economic, political, diplomatic and military news.

1872, Reuters not only set up branches in Europe and America, but also set up branches in Egypt, India and Japan, making it a "news dissemination empire" connecting Europe and America, Asia and Africa.

194 1 year, Reuters was reorganized as a trust institution of the British Press Association. 1848, during the Mexican war, in order to report the war in time, six major newspapers in new york set up a joint interview department. After the war, for the purpose of reporting foreign news, six newspapers jointly organized the "Port News Association" on the basis of the Joint Interview Department. Six partners * * * rented two boats to meet the European ships entering Hong Kong for interviews, and the required funds were shared by the partners. 1856, the Port Press Union was reorganized into the New York Press Union. Since then, the New York Press Union has developed rapidly.

Hawass News Agency, Wolff News Agency and Reuters all appeared as profit-making individual enterprises at first, which had no direct relationship with the press.

The New York Press Union, from the beginning, appeared as a cooperative organization between newspapers; The purpose of its existence and development is not to make profits, but to provide news for newspapers.