One-day tour of Yungang Grottoes (with the best route recommendation)

Yungang Grottoes are located in Datong City, Shanxi Province. It has a magnificent grotto landscape, which people who like Buddhist culture can visit. After all, it is a work left over from early ancient Buddhism, which retains a lot of original charm and connotation. Let's share a one-day tour guide of Yungang Grottoes.

1, Play Raiders This is my second visit to Yungang Grottoes. The last time was two and a half years ago when I was with a group of people. Although I stayed for three hours, I was still unfinished because it was too big. At that time, I felt that I should not come to this place too often. I went to Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang in March this year, and I felt very good, especially Fengxian Temple. The lower part of the inward cliff is surrounded by huge statues, giving people a suffocating sense of solemnity. Sanskrit sounds like the west if there is music.

I thought Longmen seemed better than Yungang at that time. This is a purely subjective experience, and there is no way to tell right from wrong. But less than two months after I went to Longmen, I went to Yungang again, feeling that Yungang did not lose Longmen. Maybe I took a brief look at it last time, especially several caves with rich contents. At that time, the management asked me to go in and out, so I walked around without feeling it carefully.

The intuitive feeling of this level of grottoes is shock. Of course, there are many details that we can't understand in a short time. This time I came to Yungang with a group of people. There were many people, so someone suggested calling a tour guide to explain. After listening to the tour guide's explanation, I really feel that we know very little about caves like Yungang.

It's like a big treasure, and now it opens the door for you. If you like it, there is enough space for you to explore and explore, and there are enough materials to prove it for you.

For example, if you are given a grotto and you know everything in it, you will basically have a deep understanding of Buddhism and grottoes. Just like doing a problem, finish the problem in a book, and the rest will be related. The rest is just to solve problems with experience and then internalize them.

The excavation of Yungang began in the Northern Wei Dynasty and in 460 AD.

By AD 494, Emperor Tuoba Hong of Wei Xiaowen had moved to Luoyang, and Yungang's official excavation was over. The rest were mainly folk excavations.

The excavation of Longmen in Luoyang began, and then Longmen flourished in the Tang Dynasty.

As far as style is concerned, Yungang is bold, rough and heavy, just like the Northern Dynasties, and the Longmen is delicate, delicate and gentle, just like the Tang Dynasty.

Longmen is more like a gentle woman in the Central Plains, while Yungang is a strong man in the Northern Dynasties.

Because I went to Longmen not long ago, I went to Yungang again and got a deeper understanding of this.

The second time I came, I learned something I didn't notice before.

There are many two Buddha statues sitting side by side. The two Buddhas sit side by side, and each has its own Buddhist allusion, which means that Sakyamuni and Duobao sit side by side. This kind of sculpture theme is rare in other places, but it is particularly rich in Yungang.

Of course, there is a reason for this. As an officially excavated cave, its statue must have political significance.

Generally speaking, the coexistence of the two Buddhas refers to the reign of Emperor Xiaowen Wei, who coexisted with his grandmother, the civilized queen Feng Taihou. Therefore, these two Buddha statues sitting side by side should have been completed during Emperor Xiaowen's period, which is regarded as the second phase of Yungang.

A while ago, I watched a documentary about Buddhist statues in the western regions, which mentioned that two buddhas sat side by side, saying that it was rare in the Central Plains.

I felt something was wrong when I heard it. Compared with the western regions, the Central Plains mentioned here is of course the middle-earth region in a broad sense. The producer may not know that there are 386 Buddha statues sitting side by side in Yungang, which can never be ignored.

Sitting side by side with the two Buddhas is the characteristic of Yungang, so I bought a small souvenir of sitting side by side with the two Buddhas.

Besides, there are many statues of bodhisattvas in Jiao Jiao, which I have never seen in other grottoes. Bodhisattva Jiao Jiao must be Maitreya, or Maitreya in Jiao Jiao. As a future Buddha, he is the successor of Sakyamuni.

The common images of Maitreya are smiling face and big belly. This image comes from a monk named Qiben in Ningbo after the Five Dynasties, and Xuedou Mountain in Ningbo is also the holy land of Maitreya Buddha.

But the early Maitreya was not like this, at least he was not a fat man.

Jiao Jiao Bodhisattva is one of the early images of Maitreya, which looks slim. Jiao Jiao may be the sitting posture of kings and nobles in early India or Central Asia, symbolizing noble status.

When introducing the types of sculpture, the sitting posture is also introduced.

There are also many sculptures in Western Regions and Indian Kendra style. At the beginning of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Buddha statues were always worshipped, but in the period of Tuoba Tao and Taizu, because weapons were found in the temple, Ho Choi, an important Taoist, advised him to destroy the Buddha. This is actually a dispute between Buddhism and Taoism.

At that time, most shamans were secularized, and only one monk named Yao Tan lived alone. Wen Chengdi Tuoba GUI (Jun Sisheng), who believed in Buddhism, became a Buddhist leader at that time and was ordered to dig caves.

Shu Wei Chuan Shi Lao said: Bai Di of Yao Tan built five caves in Saiwu County, the capital city, and carved a Buddha statue. The highest is 70 feet, and the second is 60 feet. The carving is amazing, which is the highest in the world.

This is the famous "Five Cave of Tan Yao", which is also the first phase project of Yungang. There are five huge statues, which are generally considered to represent the five emperors of the Northern Wei Dynasty at that time.

It is said that this statue of a thousand buddhas represents the Emperor Wudi who destroyed the Buddha, and it is the sculptor's counterattack against his act of destroying the Buddha.

A very large Jiao Jiao Bodhisattva symbolizes the early death of Prince Tuoba Huang who worships Buddha. Because he didn't become an emperor, he wasn't a Buddha, just like Maitreya Bodhisattva, only in the stage of succession, and for this reason, this statue is still under the ground.

Wen Chengdi, the giant Buddha, is considered to be the most famous sitting Buddha of Sakyamuni.

Compared with Longmen Grottoes, Yungang Grottoes are more difficult to protect. Longmen Mountain seems to be hard stone, Yungang seems to be soft soil, and desertification is serious.

The damage to the Longmen Statue is man-made, and some are hacked and stolen, while Yungang seems to be mostly damaged by weathering.

The souvenirs here are good. In addition to the key chain where two buddhas sit side by side, I also bought a pair of playing cards with grotto statues, which is quite satisfactory.

In the last holiday of my senior year, I went to the Imperial Capital alone, then went to Datong by train and started a trip to Shanxi with my parents.

As the saying goes, it makes sense to see Shanxi underground on the ground. There are super scenic spots in the north of Shanxi, such as Hanging Temple, Yingxian Wooden Pagoda and Yungang Grottoes. Going south, there are famous scenic spots such as Jinci and Wutai Mountain (I don't think it's fun anyway). Let's show some pictures of Mianshan (the origin of cold food). It's not very famous but I think it's very interesting.

Yingxian Wooden Pagoda, the oldest wooden building on the ground, should be right. I don't give it now. It costs money to enter the door, so I only took one at the door.

Yungang Grottoes, there are many buses from Datong to Yungang Grottoes, but we rented a car and drove there ourselves. You'd better hire a guide to go in. The tour guides in Yungang Grottoes are quite professional, so just follow them. If you want to save money, you must seize the opportunity to rub shoulders with other people's guides. What strategies can a scenic spot need? I don't do such low-level things as fare evasion.

Jinci, there is a tablet written by Li Shimin. The real thing is locked in a small house. Only the official tour guide inside can open the key, but the wild tour guide can't.

Mianshan, it feels really good. I like this place very much.

2. Travel guide

Depart from Hohhot

East along Jingxin Expressway (G 1 10) to Jining, south along Erguang Expressway (Jifeng Expressway Section) to Datong Ring Expressway Yungangkou Expressway, and west along Yungang Road to the scenic spot.

Depart from Taiyuan

Enter the Universiade Section (G55) of Erguang Expressway from the entrance of Dadongguan, go north to Datong Ring Expressway, get off at Yungangkou, and go west along Yungang Road to Yungang Scenic Area.

to leave Beijing

Enter Beijing-Tibet Expressway (G6) from Qinghe Toll Station, and go straight along Jingzhang Expressway (g1kloc-0/0)-Xuanda Expressway (g 109)- Sunyou Expressway-Datong Ring Expressway-Provincial Highway 339 to Yungang Grottoes Scenic Area.

public transportation

Datong South Station:

Take bus No.31from Datong South Station and get off at Beixin Garden Community Station. Walk to Li Huimin Station and take bus No.20 to Tongquan Road Station of Yungang Road. Walk to Wulidian Electromechanical City Station and take Kuailv 603 to Yungang Station.

Datong Airport:

Take the airport bus to Datong Hotel, then transfer to 17 to Li Xinkai, and then transfer to No.3 bus to Yungang Grottoes Scenic Area.

Xinnan long-distance passenger station:

Take the No.28 bus to the bus overhaul factory station, then transfer to the No.3 bus, and go directly from the No.4 company station to Yungang Grottoes Scenic Area.

Long-distance passenger station:

Go south from Dewey Avenue Children's Park to No.3 Courtyard, take bus 17 to Li Xinkai, and then transfer to bus No.3 to Yungang Grottoes Scenic Area.

Railway station:

Take Express 603 to the scenic spot or No.4 bus to Bus No.4 Company Station, and then transfer to No.3 bus from Tonghuan West Ring Road Station to Yungang Grottoes Scenic Spot.

3. Introduction to the Scenic Spot Yungang Grottoes are located at the southern foot of Wuzhou (Zhou) Mountain, about 16 km west of Datong City, Shanxi Province, and on the north bank of Wuzhou River. Grottoes are dug along the mountain, extending about 1 km from east to west. There are 45 main caves, 252 caves and niches, and more than 565,438+0,000 stone carvings. It is one of the largest ancient caves in China. [ 1]?

Yungang Grottoes 196 1 was announced by the State Council as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, was listed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO in 200 12 and 14, and was rated as the first batch of national 5A-level tourist attractions by the National Tourism Administration on May 8, 2007.

Yungang Grottoes are magnificent and rich in content. It is the crown of stone carving art in China in the 5th century A.D., and is known as the treasure house of ancient carving art in China. According to the excavation time, it can be divided into three periods: early, middle and late, and the grotto sculpture styles in different periods also have their own characteristics. The early "Tan Yaodong" was magnificent and had a rich and simple western flavor. In the middle period, the grottoes were famous for their exquisite carvings and ornate decorations, showing the complex and magnificent artistic style of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Although the scale of the grottoes in the later period is small, the figures are slender and handsome, and the proportion is moderate. It is a model of grottoes art in northern China and the origin of "skinny and picturesque". In addition, the music, dance and acrobatic sculptures left in the grottoes also reflected the popularity of Buddhist thought at that time and the social life of the Northern Wei Dynasty.

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