What is the current labor market situation in China?

Current situation of labor market in China: \x0d\ 1. With the decline of economic growth rate, the population base in China is huge, the unemployment rate is rising, and the so-called hidden unemployment is also increasing. The unemployment rate rose from 18% to 21%; \x0d\2。 Labor prices have risen slightly, but the increase is subject to the economic situation; \x0d\3。 There is a shortage of high-end technical talents, senior technical talents, especially foreign trade and export trade professionals; \x0d\4。 Highly educated graduates flock to coastal cities to find jobs, but the employment rate of recent college graduates is less than 80%. \x0d\5。 The number of informal employment, floating employment and informal employment is increasing; \x0d\6。 With the process of economic marketization, the employment marketization model and the employment model chosen by both employers and employees have been formed. \x0d\ At present, the overall employment structure in China is 1. The proportion of employment in traditional industries is declining. The proportion of employees in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery has been declining, from 65438+55.6% in 1992 to 44. 1% in 2002. From1978 to 2002, the proportion of manufacturing industry experienced a process of first rising and then falling, with an upward trend from 1978- 1988 and a downward trend after 1988. The decline in the share of traditional industries, like the general trend of changes in the industrial structure of employment, is a reflection of the improvement and optimization of employment structure. \x0d\ 2。 In the tertiary industry, transportation, warehousing, post and telecommunications, wholesale and retail trade and catering industry have always been the main force to attract employment, but the proportion remains basically the same, but it is expected to increase in the future. In 2009, the proportion of employees in urban units was 4. 14%, which was 0.58 percentage points lower than that in 2003. From 2003 to 2009, the employment ratio of accommodation and catering industry was basically the same, and in 2009 it was 1.6 1%. \x0d\ The proportion of financial industry, real estate industry and service industry has steadily increased. In 2009, the proportion of employees in urban units was 3.57%, an increase of 0.55 percentage points over 2003. The proportion of real estate employment increased from 1. 1% in 2003 to1.52% in 2009; The employment proportion of service industry increased from 1.67% in 2003 to 2.31%in 2009; The proportion of employment in health, social security and social welfare industries has also increased, from 4.42% in 2003 to 4.7% in 2009. \x0d\\x0d\ 3。 The proportion of employment in other industries has risen rapidly. Other industries refer to some industries that are not well classified, mostly informal employment. As a flexible employment method, informal employment has played an important role in developing China's labor market and alleviating employment pressure. \x0d\ Adjustment of China's employment structure \x0d\ While China's total employment has increased rapidly, the industrial structure and urban-rural structure of employment have been obviously optimized, but China's employment structure still faces many problems and needs to be adjusted. \x0d\ (1) The adjustment of industrial structure should be organically combined with the expansion of employment, and efforts should be made to create jobs in structural adjustment \x0d\ With the continuous advancement of various reform measures and the continuous adjustment of economic structure in China, the content of industrial development in China is constantly changing, and at the same time, the employment structure is also changing. However, compared with the change of industrial structure, the adjustment of employment structure is slow. \x0d\ 1。 For the adjustment of the primary industry, we should promote the employment of rural labor force through comprehensive agricultural development, the development of non-agricultural industries, the organized export of rural labor force and rural vocational training, avoid the blind flow of rural labor force, improve the vocational skills of rural labor force and reduce the employment pressure in cities. \x0d\ 2。 In the process of adjusting the secondary industry, it is necessary to help workers master new technologies and develop new skills through skills training and job transfer training to adapt them to new requirements. \x0d\ 3。 Vigorously develop the tertiary industry and absorb the labor transferred from the primary industry and the secondary industry as soon as possible. According to the experience of developed countries, the employment elasticity of the tertiary industry has always been higher than that of the primary and secondary industries. Under the same capital-output ratio, absorbing more employed people is the main way to alleviate the employment pressure. \x0d\ (2) Establish a reasonable urban and rural employment structure \x0d\ 1. Adjust the structure of agriculture and rural economy, and promote the transfer of rural surplus labor. Vigorously develop agricultural industries other than traditional planting, develop agricultural industrialization management, and transfer labor within agriculture. \x0d\ 2。 Completely break the household registration system, eliminate the institutional obstacles to the free flow of labor between urban and rural areas, establish an integrated labor market between urban and rural areas, and realize the optimal allocation of labor resources in urban and rural areas and across the country. \x0d\ 3。 Accelerate the process of urbanization. An important factor for the effective transfer of rural surplus labor force lies in the effective promotion of urbanization, and the development of tertiary industry is also closely related to urbanization. Only when the level of urbanization reaches a certain level can we provide good conditions for the development of the tertiary industry and make the rural surplus labor force transfer smoothly. Therefore, in the process of urbanization in China, we should adhere to the road of urbanization according to local conditions according to the level of economic development and market development in different regions. Because the potential of big cities in China, especially megacities, to absorb labor force is very limited, small and medium-sized cities should be built according to the actual situation of each region to absorb the surplus rural population. At the same time, actively develop small cities, especially guide the development of rural small market towns, and realize the transfer of farmers on the spot. \x0d\ 4。 Implement a unified social security system in urban and rural areas and the whole country to realize the real transformation of rural labor force from rural labor force to industrial labor force. \x0d\5。 For the potential rural migrant workers, the government should come forward to organize employment skills training so that they can find jobs smoothly; (3) Promote the balance of regional employment structure through regional coordinated development. \x0d\ Due to the difference of economic development level and employment opportunities, the surplus labor force in the central and western regions flows to the economically developed areas in the southeast coast on a large scale, resulting in the imbalance of regional employment structure. Therefore, efforts should be made to realize the transfer of employment opportunities between regions, that is, the transfer of labor-intensive industries to the central and western regions. With the increase of labor and land costs, the eastern region should rely more on independent innovation and accelerate the upgrading of industrial structure. At the same time, the vast central and western regions are rich in labor resources and relatively low land costs, which can undertake the labor-intensive industries transferred from the eastern region, thus forming the unity of industrial optimization and upgrading and employment expansion as a whole. \x0d\ Another measure to adjust the imbalance of employment regional structure is to eliminate regional monopoly, develop regional characteristic industries, dynamically adjust and transfer industries between regions, form a reasonable regional industrial layout, and promote the regional structural balance of employment.