The last capital of the Yuan Dynasty: Yingchang City

The Gila tribe is an ancient and civilized tribe in Mongolia. It has been nomadic for generations in the Ergun River and the northern part of the Greater Khingan Mountains. The Hongjila tribe occupies a very important position in the entire history of the Yuan Dynasty and enjoys many privileges because the Hongjila tribe has been married to the royal family of the Yuan Dynasty for generations. In 1270 AD, Chen, the leader of the Hongji tribe, and his princess Zhenzhen Princess went to Shangdu to pay homage to Emperor Kublai Khan and invited them to build a city and live in Erhaizi, the summer residence of their fiefdom. Emperor Kublai Khan quickly approved the invitation, and the Yuan government allocated funds to build a city called Yingchangfu. Chen and his princess invited Dr. Liu Guanglu, who planned and built the capital city. One day, a group of people came to the west bank of Dalinol and saw that the terrain here is flat, surrounded by mountains on the east, west and north, just like Longgang, with solid terrain and beautiful scenery. Poetry: The sea of ??clouds swallows the green water, and the edge of Australia is thousands of deep. This scene should only happen in heaven, and I am at the pinnacle of wonder. Two years later, under Liu's supervision, this magnificent prairie palace was built. The city is composed of inner city, outer city and suburbs. The rectangular outer city is 800 meters long from north to south, 650 meters wide from east to west, and has a circumference of 2.9 kilometers. It covers an area of ??520,000 square meters and has a construction area of ??nearly 220,000 square meters. The main streets of Yingchang City are evenly distributed in three horizontal and three vertical directions. From the south gate to the north, there is a street 260 meters long and 10 to 15 meters wide, which intersects perpendicularly with the second street in the city. It is the middle street in Yingchang City. Middle Street is the most important and busiest street in the city. It is the only way for emperors, generals, princes, nobles, business travelers, ordinary people, and all kinds of craftsmen to enter the city. Yingchang City is the seat of Yingchang Mansion. Because of its unique geographical location and its important position in the Yuan Empire's politics, military, economy, culture, transportation, etc., Yingchang Mansion was upgraded to Yingchang Road in 1285 AD. In 1286 AD, Kublai Khan, the founder of the Qing Dynasty, set up Hongjila Station on Yingchang Road to mainly receive officials from Beijing and officials from Lingbei to Beijing and the south. The lords of the Gila tribe established an independent ruling and management organization in their own territory. The general management office of Yingchang Road has the Wangfu, which is the actual management agency of Yingchang Road and has the functions of administrative management and judicial management. The royal palace was generally appointed by the central government of the Yuan Dynasty. The Yingchangdao palace was recommended by the head of the Hongji Labu Department and appointed by the Ministry of Personnel. The Yuan Empire's tolerance and openness to religious culture are also fully reflected here, with Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, and Islam being promoted simultaneously. There are many temples, monasteries and monks inside and outside Yingcheng. The sound of bells, drums, Dharma chants, and the sound of worshiping Buddha are heard morning and night. Influenced by Han culture, Mongolians also respect Confucius. In 1991, Kublai Khan promulgated a decree to establish primary schools in schools and counties across the country, and commended talented Confucian students, or those who volunteered to recruit teachers, and those who taught themselves to learn from their fathers and brothers. As a result, schools were set up in the capital, on the roads, and even thousands of miles away, and Confucianism was respected and flourished throughout the country. Lu Ying Confucianism was founded at this time. The school is located in the south of Yingchang City, facing the streets in the city, and has a square courtyard with a side length of 60 meters. It consists of courtyard, gatehouse, stele pavilion, power distribution room, dormitory and classroom. The classroom is built on a high platform, three meters wide and one deep. There is a square pavilion in the middle of the yard in front of the classroom. In the pavilion stands a white marble stone tablet with eight seal characters of "New Confucianism on Yingchang Road" engraved on it. There is a poem written by Cheng Jufu from 0755 to 79000: Take the book with you to the imperial capital, the kingdom is better than the Confucian scholar, the road is far away from Kaiping, the snowy road is as far as the desert. It vividly reflects the scene of mainland intellectuals spreading cultural knowledge to the desert

The poem encourages itself: Last night the wild goose feathers lost their hooks, who touched the blue clouds? Although it is rare to see each other again, there is a ray of blue light shining on Kyushu. It expresses his ambition to be fearless, calm and self-improving in the face of danger, determined to save the country and assist the emperor. During the Northern Yuan Dynasty of Zhao Zong, Tan Mai Neng, who had abandoned ancient ideas, died of internal strife. After that, the sweat position changed frequently, the sweat system was unstable, and there was no ability to restore strong troops. In May 1370, Ming Dynasty general Li Wenzhong led 50,000 soldiers to attack Yingchang. Aiyoushilitara fled north with dozens of people. In Yingchang, the capital less than a year after the founding of the Northern Yuan Dynasty, the flag of the Ming Dynasty was hoisted. At this time, a full century had passed since Hongji; Juruo Chenwanhu asked Emperor Kublai Khan to build the city. After the death of Emperor Zhu Di of the Ming Dynasty, the Mongolian forces of the Northern Yuan Dynasty gradually became stronger and often invaded the Ming Dynasty's borders southward. The Ming Dynasty changed from active attack to passive defense.

In the ninth year of the Ming Dynasty, General Yang Hong of the Ming Dynasty was ordered to lead his army Chang Bao to annihilate the Yuan army in Kaiping, recapture the plundered people, animals, equipment and other items, then marched three hundred miles north, entered Yingchang City, demolished the city walls, and set fire everywhere. . Yingcheng's splendid palaces, bustling shops, majestic government buildings, solemn temples, tall city walls and beautiful gardens disappeared. Yingcheng, the famous residence of the princes of the Mongolian steppe, is the epitome of the world-famous history of the powerful Mongolian Empire. Brick by brick, plant and tree, it integrates the consciousness, complex, customs and culture of the Mongolian people. It was once a symbol of Mongolian wisdom, strength and power.