What is the social significance of solar photovoltaic power generation?

The social benefits of the photovoltaic industry are mainly reflected in the following six aspects:

1) to solve the problem of electricity consumption for people without electricity and poor areas.

Independent photovoltaic investment of 3460 yuan can solve a person's electricity consumption; The power grid investment needs 13385 yuan, which is 3.87 times that of independent photovoltaic.

2) Achieve precise poverty alleviation.

The development of photovoltaic poverty alleviation in 20 15-20 17 will make about 2 million poor people get a stable income of 3,000 yuan every year in the next 20 years, which is equivalent to providing 6 billion yuan of poverty alleviation funds every year.

3) Promote the integration of the central and western regions.

The western region attracts photovoltaic manufacturing enterprises to invest with low energy and labor costs. At present, 57% of silicon material production capacity is in the west, and this figure may reach 76% by the end of 20 18; The new production capacity of other links is basically in the west. At the same time, by the end of 20 16, 40% of photovoltaic installations in China were installed in western provinces, which fully utilized the rich local solar energy resources and desertified land and effectively improved the land desertification.

4) Activate private capital and promote the diversification of energy industry.

Traditional energy, from mining to power generation, is basically controlled by state-owned enterprises. Photovoltaic industry, especially distributed photovoltaic, breaks the geographical factors of traditional energy, lowers the entry threshold, and makes it possible for a wider range of small and medium-sized enterprises and the public to participate in the energy industry.

Among enterprises with large holdings, state-owned enterprises and private enterprises each account for half of the country, while those with small holdings are mainly private enterprises. The characteristics of photovoltaic power generation determine that it is the main force to promote the diversification of energy industry. This role change will have a great and far-reaching impact on the evolution and development of the energy system.

5) Intensive land use, popularization of renewable energy and energy Internet layout.

The new form of complementary development of photovoltaic power generation and other industries has become one of the measures of development and transformation in many areas, which has increased the energy-saving effect of the original building on the basis of the original function and improved the utilization rate. The development of household photovoltaics has brought renewable energy into thousands of households, made ordinary people understand renewable energy and raised their awareness of energy conservation and emission reduction.

The development of distributed photovoltaic has laid a solid foundation for the future development of energy Internet.

6) Save water resources

From the whole life cycle, the water consumption of photovoltaic power generation is only 50% of that of coal-fired power generation. Vigorously developing photovoltaic power generation can effectively save water resources.

First, solve the problem of electricity consumption for people without electricity.

2065438+In September 2005, the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and determined 17 "Sustainable Development Goals". Renewable energy is an important part of the seventh goal "economic and applicable clean energy". The United Nations interprets this goal as ensuring that everyone has access to affordable, reliable and sustainable modern energy.

China's experience in solving the problem of population without electricity shows that independent photovoltaic has the characteristics of low input and high output in solving the problem of population without electricity in remote areas, and it is an important means to realize the seventh item of "sustainable development goal", "economic and applicable clean energy". At the same time, China's experience also provides a replicable model for the whole world, especially developing countries, to solve the problem of electricity consumption for people without electricity.

According to the data of National Energy Administration, in 20 13-20 15 years, the state * * arranged to invest 24.78 billion yuan (central fund145.5 billion yuan) to implement power grid extension and renewable energy power supply projects in areas without electricity. Among them, the power grid investment plan is 20.68 billion yuan, providing electricity for 65.438+0.545 million people without electricity; The investment plan of independent photovoltaic power supply project is 4 1 100 million yuan (2.85 billion yuan from the central government), and more than 670 independent photovoltaic power stations and 350,000 photovoltaic household systems will be built to provide electricity for1185,000 people without electricity. Compared with the extension of the power grid, the total investment of independent photovoltaic is 16.5%, which solves the power consumption problem of 43.4% people without electricity. From the perspective of per capita investment, each investment of 3,460 yuan of independent photovoltaic can solve one person's electricity consumption; In contrast, the power grid investment needs 13385 yuan, which is 3.87 times that of independent photovoltaic.

Table1:2013 ~ 2015: Population investment and electrification data in areas without electricity.

Second, achieve accurate poverty alleviation.

The development of photovoltaic poverty alleviation projects has transformed China's poverty alleviation work from blood transfusion to hematopoiesis, and from extensive poverty alleviation to precise poverty alleviation, so that the poor people can obtain dignified income through their own labor and ensure the sustained and stable income of poor households in the next 20 years.

In 20 15, China implemented10.5 million kilowatt photovoltaic poverty alleviation project in six provinces of Hebei, Shanxi, Anhui, Gansu, Qinghai and Ningxia, which is expected to make more than 200,000 poor people obtain stable income for 20 years.

On this basis, on 20 16, the energy bureaus of several provinces joined hands with local poverty alleviation working groups to take "photovoltaic poverty alleviation" as an important way to get rid of poverty in rural areas. In 20 16, a photovoltaic poverty alleviation project of 510.68 million kilowatts was implemented in 4 provinces, helping 556,000 poor people, as shown in the following table.

Table 2: Number of households helping the poor in 2016 years (10,000 households)

In 20 17 years, village-level poverty alleviation alone helped 14 provinces14,556 poor villages 71.0751000,000 poor households and 236 key photovoltaic poverty alleviation counties, as shown in the following table.

Table 3: Number of poor households assisted by village-level power stations in 2017 (10,000 households)

At the same time, the provinces are also actively carrying out photovoltaic poverty alleviation in centralized power stations, that is, enterprises operating centralized power stations will give local poor households a profit of 3,000 yuan every year according to the scale of 10 ~ 25kW. At present, according to incomplete statistics, 1 1 province has issued an index of 7.2 million kilowatts of centralized poverty alleviation power stations, which is expected to help about 360,000 poor households; If all provinces in China are considered, it is estimated that 20 17 centralized photovoltaic poverty alleviation will help more than 500,000 poor households.

Table 4: Photovoltaic Poverty Alleviation Scale of Surface Power Stations in Some Provinces in 2017

The development of photovoltaic poverty alleviation in 20 15-20 17 will make about 2 million poor people get a stable income of 3,000 yuan every year in the next 20 years, which is equivalent to providing 6 billion yuan of poverty alleviation funds every year. It can be seen that photovoltaic projects have made important contributions to eliminating the poor and enabling the poor to obtain long-term and stable income, and have become one of the important measures for precision poverty alleviation in various places.

Third, promote the integration of the central and western regions.

1 photovoltaic upstream manufacturing industry is mainly distributed in the west.

The upstream manufacturing end of photovoltaic is a high-yield and labor-intensive industry, and the low energy prices and labor costs in western provinces have become the first choice for many photovoltaic manufacturing enterprises to build factories. Take the silicon link as an example. Among the 276,400 tons of production capacity at the end of 20 17, the silicon production capacity in western provinces accounts for 57% of the total production capacity in China (as shown in Table 4). At the same time, in 20 18, all enterprises have plans to expand production by about138,500 tons, almost all of which are located in Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Yunnan and Shaanxi provinces. By then, the silicon production capacity in the west will account for 76% of the country!

Table 5: Production Capacity Distribution of Silicon Materials in Provinces at the End of 2017

Except for silicon materials, the expansion of silicon wafer links of various enterprises is basically in the western region. For example, Longji, a leading monocrystalline silicon wafer enterprise, has laid out 10 GW monocrystalline silicon wafer production capacity in Chuxiong, Yunnan, and will be put into production at the end of 20 18; Enterprises such as Jingao, Artes and Dongfang Risheng have also expanded their production in Inner Mongolia. Here I quote the previous picture of Wang Bohua, Secretary General of China Photovoltaic Industry Association as an illustration.

As can be seen from the above figure, the recent expansion plans of enterprises are basically distributed in the northwest region.

2 Western PV upstream and downstream power station investment

The western provinces are rich in solar energy resources, and photovoltaic projects generate electricity well; At the same time, there are a lot of unused land in the west, and the construction conditions are good. Therefore, the early photovoltaic projects were mainly distributed in western provinces, such as Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai and Inner Mongolia.

According to the statistics released by the National Energy Administration at the end of 20 16, the cumulative photovoltaic installed capacity in eight western provinces (Inner Mongolia, Yunnan, Tibet, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang) accounts for 40% of the total installed capacity in China!

After installing photovoltaic power plants in the local desert and Gobi, due to the shielding of photovoltaic modules, the evaporation on the ground surface was reduced and the local desertification situation was improved. The following picture shows the changes of surface conditions before and after Longji started the photovoltaic project in Kubuqi Desert.

To sum up, the development of photovoltaic industry has brought industrial investment to the western region, boosted local GDP, increased local taxes, solved the employment problem of some local people, and made outstanding contributions to promoting economic development in the western region and narrowing the gap between the east and the west!

Fourth, activate private capital and realize the diversification of energy industry subjects.

The exploitation, processing and transportation of traditional energy require a lot of money and a highly centralized control system. The capital-intensive characteristics of the energy industry determine that the non-personal ability of this industry can be achieved. Traditional energy, from mining to power generation, is basically controlled by state-owned enterprises. Photovoltaic industry, especially distributed photovoltaic, has broken the geographical factors of traditional energy and lowered the entry threshold.

Photovoltaic industry provides the possibility for a wider range of small and medium-sized enterprises and the public to participate in the energy industry. The diversification of the main body of the energy industry has effectively promoted the participation of the whole society in the energy industry, broken the situation of monopolizing large enterprises to unify the industry, and realized the economization of energy and the differentiation of energy service demand. The emergence and activity of many small and medium-sized enterprises also provide a more suitable soil for business model innovation and technological progress.

In the whole photovoltaic industry, state-owned enterprises and private enterprises each account for half of the country, and the cumulative grid-connected capacity of private enterprises reaches19.62 million kW, accounting for 47.7%, far exceeding the state-owned enterprises such as the five central power generation groups. It can be seen that the photovoltaic industry can attract different investors and promote the whole society to participate in the energy industry.

Table 6: photovoltaic assets ranking of China in 2016 years

Note: The ranking of 20 16 photovoltaic development enterprises is based on some data of the General Institute of Water Resources, which is different from the announcements of listed photovoltaic asset holding companies.

Although there is a certain gap between the holding data at the end of 20 17 and the above table, it can be clearly seen that among the enterprises with large holdings, state-owned enterprises and private enterprises each account for half of the country, while those with small holdings are mainly private enterprises.

The outstanding feature of photovoltaic power generation is that it is suitable for distributed development. The electricity produced by users can be used for their own use, uploaded redundantly and purchased from the power grid at night. It can be applied to industrial workshops, public buildings and residential roofs. Among them, the distributed characteristics of photovoltaic are more obvious, and photovoltaic power stations can be established on idle roofs, deserts and beaches. Compared with traditional energy sources, the entry threshold of this kind of power production is very low, and any ordinary person can become a power producer. It can be seen that the development of distributed photovoltaic has broken the traditional mode of separation of power production and consumption. The positioning of users in the market has changed from simple users to dynamic producers and consumers.

The characteristics of photovoltaic power generation determine that it is the main force to promote the diversification of energy industry. This role change will have a great and far-reaching impact on the evolution and development of the energy system.

5. Intensive land use, popularization of renewable energy and layout of energy Internet.

A new form of complementary development between photovoltaic power generation and other industries. For example, "photovoltaic+agriculture", "photovoltaic+farmers", "photovoltaic+shopping malls", "photovoltaic+parks" and "photovoltaic+fishing light" have become one of the measures for development and transformation in many regions. In addition, the development of household photovoltaics has brought renewable energy into thousands of households, made ordinary people understand renewable americium energy, and raised awareness of energy conservation and emission reduction.

In addition, the combination of photovoltaic, agriculture, fishery and architecture has increased the power generation and energy saving effects of the original building on the basis of the original functions, and improved the utilization rate. In line with the development direction of "intensive" land use.

At the same time, the development of distributed photovoltaic has laid a solid foundation for the future development of energy Internet. Here, I quote a passage from the third industrial revolution to illustrate.

In the future, each building will be transformed into a mini energy collector, which can collect renewable energy on the spot;

In the future, buildings in major States will be transformed into micro-power plants to collect renewable energy;

In the next 25 years, millions of buildings-family houses, offices, shopping centers and industrial technology parks-will be used as power plants and houses.

In the future, family residents can install solar panels on their roofs, which can generate enough electricity to meet their housing needs. If there is surplus, it can be sold to power plants.

Are you ready? Is your company ready? China, are you ready?

Six, save water resources

Coal mining, coal washing and power generation are all industries with high water consumption, and excessive water intake has caused great harm to the local ecological environment and human health. Compared with coal, photovoltaic power generation not only has advantages in pollutant emission reduction, but also uses far less water than coal-fired power generation. The water consumption of photovoltaic and coal-fired power generation stages and the whole life cycle is shown in the following table.

Table 7: Comparison of water consumption between coal-fired power generation and photovoltaic power generation (unit: ton/mwh)

Data source: data of power generation stage comes from Tan et al, 20 15, and data of life cycle comes from Feng et al, 20 14.

As can be seen from the above table, even in the whole life cycle, the water consumption of photovoltaic power generation is only 50% of that of coal-fired power generation. Vigorously developing photovoltaic power generation can effectively save water resources.

To sum up, the rapid development of photovoltaic industry has a far-reaching positive role in promoting the whole society. Politically, photovoltaic has become a bright business card of China in international communication. It not only serves the domestic energy transformation, but also contributes to the global response to climate change and energy transformation.