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Facing employment, college students' psychology is complex and changeable. After several years of college life, students have made positive and remarkable progress in knowledge, ability and personality, and have a strong desire and positive motivation to find a job as soon as possible, and feel heartfelt joy for their own life value; The diversification of jobs and employment methods also provides more opportunities and greater freedom for college students to find jobs. Many college students are gearing up to show their talents in their own professional fields. However, in the process of employment, there will inevitably be various psychological contradictions, misunderstandings and obstacles.

First, the general psychological problems of college students' employment

College students are a special group in the process of individual growth from adolescence to adulthood. It is a combination of various particularities, with psychological internal reasons such as being in the position of "the second psychological weaning period" and "marginal person", being in the period of psychological continuation and negative experience, diversified values and personality reconstruction. At the same time, there are inducing factors in the environment, which makes the mental health status of college students significantly lower than that of other stages of an individual's life and other groups in this period. The general view is that "the psychological problems of college students in employment mainly include frustration, conformity, jealousy, shyness, blind comparison, inferiority and dependence." And other psychological problems, such as attaching importance to material interests, enjoying success and overemphasizing self-worth. In order to help graduates better understand these problems and make psychological preparation and adjustment for employment, let's first look at the common psychological problems of college students in employment from the following aspects.

(A) Employment psychological pressure and anxiety

At present, the fierce employment competition environment makes the employment problem bring great psychological pressure to college students, which exists among students of all grades. According to a survey in Tsinghua University in 2000, personal future and employment have become the biggest factors of college students' psychological stress, and the pressure has an upward trend with the increase of grade. Students' employment pressure experience is quite serious, especially psychological experience. The psychological pressure of college students before graduation is obviously higher than before, which is mainly caused by conflicts and events such as the choice of graduation direction, employment, postgraduate entrance examination, love separation, unpleasant experience in college, sentimental parting, unexpected events and economic conditions. The psychological pressure of female college students is greater than that of male college students, and the anxiety level of rural students is higher than that of urban students. However, college students are too introverted in the way of releasing employment pressure, mainly relying on solving and turning to classmates and friends for help.

(B) Employment psychological expectations and sense of loss

Many college students have a psychology of "ten years of cold window, becoming famous in one fell swoop", so their expectations for job hunting are quite high. Most college students want to work in big cities, big institutions and big companies with good living conditions and high welfare benefits, instead of working in small and medium-sized cities and small grass-roots units that are in urgent need of talents but have difficult conditions, and they think too much about job hunting location, job level and unit economic benefits. High expectations drive graduates to yearn for high salary, high position, high starting point, high income and high material return. They also put forward various requirements for employers, set high employment goals, and refused to lower employment expectations even if they could not find a suitable unit. For example, a classmate said, "Unless you are in Beijing, Shanghai or Shenzhen, you can't go." However, most real jobs are not as beautiful as college students think. Therefore, when there is a big difference between reality and ideal, it is easy to appear the phenomenon of "high is not enough, low is not enough", which leads to psychological problems such as paranoia, fantasy, inferiority and hypocrisy, and may lead to the deviation of job hunting behavior.

(C) the concept of employment is unreasonable

Although college students' outlook on job selection tends to be pragmatic and rational on the whole, because they are in the process of changing their outlook on job selection, various bad ideas also exist, which affects the health and smooth employment of college students. These bad ideas are mainly manifested in the following aspects:

1, only pay attention to immediate interests and ignore career development.

Some college students only have immediate interests such as working conditions and income. I don't consider my professional interests, abilities and career development prospects, so it's easy to choose a career that doesn't suit me.

2. Professional standards are too utilitarian and hierarchical.

Some graduates overemphasize the utilitarian value of occupations, and even divide occupations into different grades, regardless of the needs of the country and society, and are unwilling to work in areas and industries with relatively difficult conditions.

The traditional idea of seeking a stable job once is deeply rooted.

Many college students still like stable, leisure and well-protected welfare units, hoping that they can choose their ideal career, rather than choosing a risky and challenging career, and even dare not start their own businesses.

4, too much emphasis on professional counterparts, apply what you have learned.

When applying for a job, as long as it is not closely related to your major, it will not be considered. This can only artificially increase the difficulty of your employment.

5. Improper understanding of professional meaning.

Conceptually, many college students still only regard work as a means to make a living, and do not fully realize the importance of occupation to personal development and social progress.

(D) Employment personality defects

1, self-identity disorder

Many students have not yet reached self-identity when they choose jobs after graduation. Specifically, I don't have a clear understanding of my career goals, needs, values and my own characteristics. You can't face up to your ability and quality when you are employed and the objective environment for choosing a job, and you can't have an objective, sober and comprehensive evaluation of yourself. Therefore, when choosing a career, they tend to be at a loss, hesitant, capricious and restless. They can't actively and independently obtain career information, screen goals, plan their careers, or solve problems in employment and make correct decisions. Two prominent manifestations of self-identity obstacles in employment are blind conformity and dependence.

Blind conformity refers to the phenomenon of blindly listening to or following other people's opinions and blindly looking for hot jobs without considering their own interests, majors and other characteristics in job hunting. Graduates with this mentality often leave their own actual situation and follow others. For example, in the job market, they go to places where there are many predecessors, and they seek what kind of work others say is good, regardless of their own abilities and current situation, and will not foster strengths and avoid weaknesses.

Dependence refers to unwillingness to take responsibility in employment, lack of independent consciousness, independent decision-making ability and enterprising spirit, relying only on parents or teachers, schools, and even waiting for the job to come to the door without actively fighting for it. Some graduates do not look for jobs themselves, but wait for their parents, relatives and friends to come around, look for relationships everywhere, take care of others, and even miss the past system of combining unification with separation, hoping that the school can solve the employment problem. When others don't like the job they are looking for, they lose their temper and complain about their parents or school. There are also many graduates who attend the supply-demand meeting accompanied by their parents. Their careers are completely decided by their parents, and they lack the ability to choose their own jobs.

2. Poor tolerance for employment setbacks.

Many college students just want to succeed in job hunting. Once frustrated, they will fall into depression, anxiety and disappointment like a deflated ball. They lack the estimation and endurance of the setbacks in job hunting, can't adjust their mentality well, and won't gain the next success by summing up the experience and lessons in job hunting.

Self-employment provides college students with the freedom of employment and the opportunity to get an ideal job through competition. It should be said that this is what most students expect and recognize. However, when college students really face the fierce competitive environment, many people show lack of confidence and courage, and dare not boldly recommend themselves when applying for a job. The result is pressure, lack of courage, inability to truly show their competitive strength to employers, missed the opportunity, and fell into a self-defeating situation in the competition. In particular, some students who are unpopular in their majors or have poor academic performance, and those who have no "relationship", are more likely to have the problem of not daring to compete and not daring to try.

On the one hand, the conservative psychology of fear of competition is related to the lack of social practice in universities, on the other hand, it is also related to the fact that many college students are afraid of failure and dare not face employment setbacks. For example, some college students only look for those jobs with strong employment, but they dare not care about jobs with fierce competition, for fear of being hit by job search failure.

3. Inferiority and arrogance

Some graduates tend to feel inferior when looking for a job, and their evaluation of themselves is very low. They always think that their level is worse than others, they can't meet the high requirements of the unit and their ability is not good. Inferiority in employment generally arises from the following situations: first, some students with unpopular majors are prone to pessimism and disappointment when they see that there are few units looking for their own majors in the job market, and the treatment is poor or they are left out in the job search; Secondly, some introverted and inarticulate college students will feel ashamed when they see Kan Kan, another candidate, talking and speechless. Third, some college students with average grades and performances in school tend to belittle themselves when they see a lot of awards, certificates and achievements in other people's self-recommendation books. Finally, some female college students will feel sorry for themselves after being discriminated by employers in employment. In short, college students with low self-esteem dare not face up to reality, underestimate their own strengths, doubt their own abilities, are not good at finding suitable professional positions, and lose the courage to apply for jobs by complaining and belittling themselves.

The opposite of inferiority is arrogance, and the two sometimes transform into each other. Some college students with good majors and strong employment capital can easily change from self-confidence to conceit. Some college students are arrogant and divorced from reality. They lack an objective understanding of themselves, the job market and professional life. They rely on their own subjective imagination. For example, some college students think that after several years of study and exercise, they have learned a lot and can do any work well. They feel superior, pretentious and boastful in job hunting. Once things change, they will easily fall into inferiority, self-blame and depression.

Inferiority and arrogance are common personality defects of college students, which are manifested in the lack of objective evaluation of themselves and a deep understanding of their careers. There is often a phenomenon that inferiority and arrogance are intertwined in employment. For example, some college students tend to be arrogant when their job search is relatively smooth, and they will feel inferior once they encounter setbacks; Although some college students feel that their conditions are inferior, they are arrogant and ask high prices when they really meet employers.

4. Paranoia and interpersonal barriers

The paranoid psychology of college students in employment has different manifestations. (1) A paranoid pursuit of fairness. It is normal for college students to demand a level playing field and feel angry at some bad social atmosphere. However, some college students show excessive paranoia about fairness and blame all the problems in job hunting on the unfairness of the job market, which casts a psychological shadow on their whole job hunting process. (2) paranoia with high standards of choosing a job. Most graduates have high expectations for job hunting, but most people can objectively understand and accept the current employment situation and adjust their job selection criteria through their own experience in the job market. However, most college students still insist on their original criteria for choosing a job, and even prefer not to find a job rather than change it. 3 paranoia about professional counterparts. Some college students excessively pursue professional counterparts in employment, ignoring social needs and ignoring the flexibility and adaptability of majors. As long as there are some differences with the major, I won't care. As long as the major can't do it, I won't sign a contract. This artificially reduces their employment opportunities.

Some college students lack basic interpersonal skills. If some people are too timid and nervous in the process of job hunting, they dare not show themselves in front of employers or even dare to interview. They often blush and talk incoherently when they open their mouths. Others don't know how to take care of other people's feelings, and don't know the etiquette and etiquette of interpersonal communication. For example, at the end of the interview, a college student was offered a cigarette by the person in charge of the employer. He not only refused immediately, but also said angrily, "I have never had this bad habit!" "

(5) Employment mentality.

1, excessive anxiety and impatience

Many college students hope to find an ideal job when they are employed, but they are afraid of being rejected by employers. They are also worried that their mistakes in choosing a job will cause lifelong regret and feel bottomless about their future professional life. Therefore, it is normal to have some anxiety in the process of employment. However, some college students are over-anxious, full of all kinds of unnecessary worries all day, resulting in mental anxiety, anxiety, irritability, depression, and slow response, confusion and confusion in behavior.

There are also some college students who are too impatient when they are employed, and their emotions are always in a state of excitement during the whole employment period. They are often anxious, attacking from all sides and running around, hoping to find a suitable job as soon as possible, but they lack a calm observation of the employment situation and rational thinking about starting their own businesses, and do a lot of thankless things. Therefore, there are often some graduates who sign contracts in a hurry without fully understanding the employer. Once they find that the actual situation is different from their own imagination or find a better job, they regret it or even break the contract, which brings them a lot of unnecessary troubles and psychological troubles.

2. Negative waiting and the psychology of "talent failure"

Contrary to the impatience in employment, some college students are very negative about employment. They usually don't attend job fairs. When a unit comes, they watch. If they are not satisfied, they will wait. When they are satisfied, they will not take the initiative to fight for it. They hold the attitude of "Don't let me be your loss" and expect some units to take the initiative to invite them. There are still some people watching from the other side of the mountain and refusing to come down easily. Obviously found a job, but put it off again and again, refused to sign the contract. They always hope that there will be better units.

In addition, some college students are self-reliant and think that knowledge, insight and knowledge can make a big difference. However, when choosing a job, I often run into a wall or am dissatisfied with the job I have found, so I complain that "there is no Bole in the world", that I am unlucky, and that I am unhappy all day and complain about others.

3. Comparison and jealousy

In job hunting, the phenomenon of "chasing high is lower than low" often occurs. Some students often boast about their good professional treatment and high income in job hunting, which leads to higher and higher career expectations, and job hunting becomes self-display. Some students are psychologically unbalanced when they see or hear that others have found a unit with superior conditions and good welfare. With the attitude of "he can go, I can go more", they have to find a unit with better conditions, regardless of their own conditions, social needs, career development and employment opportunities.

Some graduates are jealous of other people's jobs, especially those who think their qualifications are inferior to their own can find good jobs, so some people deliberately sneer, belittle, satirize and dig at other people's jobs with the intention of hitting others. What's more, they hold the abnormal mentality of "I can't get it, and you can't get it" and make a false report in front of the employer.

4. Frustration and rebellion

Some graduates will feel powerless and lose confidence after being frustrated in choosing a job, which is manifested as depression, lack of progress, demoralization and demoralization. They often give up all active job-hunting efforts and resign themselves to fate. When it is serious, it will be indifferent to the external environment, reduce interpersonal communication, and care nothing, which will lead to depression.

However, some graduates have a rebellious attitude towards positive vocational education and vocational information. They don't believe or listen to the correct information, well-meaning criticisms and suggestions of counselors, class teachers, school employment guidance service centers, classmates and employers, but they insist on doing the opposite and applying for jobs according to their wishful thinking. For example, when others recommend their work units, they are always very vigilant. The more others say, the less he believes. When you fail in your job search, you don't sum up your own problems, even if you know the reasons for the failure, you don't correct them. In the future job search, you still go your own way and don't listen to any criticism and suggestions.

5. Lying, luck and laziness

Some students think that it is impossible for the employer to verify whether everyone's recommendation is true or not, and it is impossible to conduct a comprehensive investigation and understanding of themselves during the interview. Just fully show yourself at that time, cheat your work and sign an agreement. As a result, some graduates copied other people's award-winning certificates and achievement certificates in the cover letter, but they obviously didn't become any cadres, nor did they participate in any social practice activities, and even made it up according to other people's writing, so that sometimes five or six monitor appeared in a class on the cover letter received by the employer. There are also college students who brag about everything in the interview. As a result, they immediately showed their true colors after the on-site practice assessment or trial.

Some graduates sign contracts earlier, and often implement their units six months or longer before graduation. At this time, they tend to be lazy, thinking that the work unit has been decided and there is nothing to worry about. They should relax and rest their feet. Therefore, they have no motivation to study, and their organizational discipline is lax. They only pursue passing the exam and graduation thesis, and even skip classes for a long time, surf the Internet and stay out at night. There are still very few college students who have been punished by the school, even severely expelled or ordered to drop out of school, and they have lost their jobs and regret it.

6. Psychological dissatisfaction and abnormal behavior and physiological reaction.

Due to some unfair phenomena in the job market and the objective reality that some majors and schools are hard to find jobs, some college students are prone to all kinds of dissatisfaction when they encounter employment setbacks. For example, some students think that "learning depends on themselves and employment depends on relationships", and some students complain that they belittle their majors and schools.

Under the influence of all kinds of dissatisfaction and bad employment mentality, there will be some bad behaviors and physiological reactions. These bad behaviors include intentional truancy, staying out at night, drinking, booing, making trouble, damaging things, fighting, bad communication, weird behavior, excessive consumption and so on. It may even lead to serious violations of the law. Due to great psychological pressure and intense psychological conflicts, some graduates will have some somatization symptoms, such as headache, dizziness, palpitation, digestive disorders, neurasthenia, elevated blood pressure, general aches, eating disorders, insomnia and so on.

The disorder of behavior and physiological reaction is usually a manifestation of serious psychological obstacles in employment. When these problems appear, we should make psychological adjustment in time or seek the help of psychological counseling experts.

Second, the self-adjustment of college students' employment psychology

Employment itself is the process of our understanding and adaptation to society. It is normal to encounter difficulties, setbacks and even success in job hunting. It is normal to encounter many psychological conflicts and confusions in employment and have some bad emotions. When encountering employment problems, we should learn to adjust our mentality, so that we can calmly face this important issue of employment and make correct and rational choices. If you encounter employment psychological problems, you can try to adjust from the following aspects.

(A) accept the objective reality and adjust employment expectations

The marketization of employment and self-employment has brought opportunities and benefits to college students, but many college students have insufficient understanding of the cruel side of the "market" and the objective reality of the job market. After having an objective understanding and profound experience of the job market and employment situation, we must understand that this is the reality, and it is useless to complain and get angry. This employment situation will not change for a while. Instead of complaining all day, wasting time and affecting our mood, we should bravely admit and accept the reality we are facing, completely break the beautiful imagination of the past and seek a good solution to the problem in a down-to-earth manner.

In the job market, employers can't find anyone, and a large number of graduates have nowhere to go. This is because college students' employment expectations are generally high. Therefore, if you want to get a job smoothly, you must first adjust your employment expectations according to your actual situation and employment situation. Adjusting the employment expectation is not to have no choice for the company, but to redefine one's life trajectory on the basis of career planning and career development concept. In other words, it is necessary to establish a long-term concept of career development and give up the past concept that choosing a job is "one time in place" and requires absolute stability. You should know that no matter how good the company is now, it may be laid off in the future. So when you choose a job, you should take a long-term view and learn to plan your whole career. At present, when the opportunity to get the ideal job is not mature, we should adopt the method of "employment first, career selection later, and entrepreneurship later". In other words, don't expect too much when choosing a job. You can choose a career first, constantly improve your social viability and increase your work experience, and then gradually realize your self-worth through your own efforts and appropriate career mobility. Many college students are reluctant to work in economically backward areas, but with the development of the western region, the western region will become a hot spot of economic development and will also provide more development opportunities for college students. Therefore, working in this field first may be more conducive to their career development and success.

(two) fully understand the professional value, establish a reasonable professional values.

Traditionally, people work to meet the needs of survival, but for people in modern society, the significance of occupation to individuals is far from simple, and occupation can meet people's needs from low to high. For example, recently, someone has made a preliminary study on the structure of professional value, and found such factors as communication, righteousness, benefit, challenge, environment, power, achievement, creation, novelty, ownership, responsibility, self-identity, etc. Therefore, the value of occupation is rich, and we should fully realize the important role of occupation in individual development and social progress.

When choosing a job, we should not only consider the economic income, working conditions, location and other factors of the job, but also consider the influence and role of the profession on my life development, and should pay attention to whether the profession helps to realize my self-worth. Therefore, we should establish professional values that emphasize self-career development, talent development and career success on the basis of investigating social needs. Give priority to those units that have great development space and can give full play to their functions, although the working conditions are not very good now; We should also pay attention to those workplaces with low economic development level, but great development potential and many entrepreneurial opportunities. In a word, blindly going to some units that look good on the surface, but don't suit you, and your talents can't be effectively brought into play, will not satisfy you. Instead of regretting in the future, it is better to change yourself now, establish reasonable professional values that adapt to the development of China's current market economy and the law of talent demand, and correctly guide yourself to choose a job.

(3) Understand and accept the professional self and actively seize the opportunity.

Many psychological problems in college students' employment are related to their inability to correctly understand and accept their professional self. Therefore, it is an important way to adjust their employment psychology and help them find a suitable career direction. You should know what kind of job you like, what kind of job you need, the criteria for choosing your own job, and what kind of job you can do according to your current ability, so that you can know what kind of job is more suitable for you. Many students will find that their ability and level are not as high as previously thought through their personal job hunting activities, and they are prone to all kinds of disappointment, pessimism and dissatisfaction. Therefore, we should accept ourselves after understanding our own characteristics, don't complain about our current problems, and there is no need to feel inferior, because our current characteristics are objective reality, and there can be no big changes during graduation. Therefore, we should admit our present situation and learn to foster strengths and avoid weaknesses. In addition, we should look at ourselves from a developmental perspective, and we should know that some shortcomings are not terrible. You can get a job first and then continue to develop yourself in the workplace.

The opportunity factor in college students' employment is also very important, so after understanding and accepting their own characteristics, they should learn to seize their own opportunities, so as to ensure the smooth job search in the future. To seize the opportunity, first of all, we should collect more relevant career information, attend more job fairs, and make choices according to the established criteria for choosing a job. It should be noted that opportunities are not suitable for everyone. Whether a job is good or not is relative. Being suitable for others may not be suitable for you, so you must not blindly follow it. Always remember that only what suits you is the best. Finally, we should pay attention to the timeliness of opportunities, take the initiative when looking for employment opportunities, don't hesitate and don't be afraid of failure. We should have the spirit of daring to try.

(4) calmly face employment setbacks and improve psychological endurance.

Faced with market competition and employment pressure, college students will always encounter many difficulties, setbacks and even grievances in job hunting. For example, some majors are "hot" and some majors are "unpopular"; Another example is that female college students are vulnerable to discrimination when looking for a job. In the face of these problems, it is useless to just complain. More importantly, we should adjust our mentality and improve our psychological endurance to various emergencies. In fact, the process of employment is also a process for college students to re-recognize themselves, know the society and actively adjust themselves to the society. If we can enhance our psychological adjustment and endurance through job hunting, it will be very useful for college students' future professional life.

When you encounter setbacks in job hunting, you should treat them with a calm attitude, objectively analyze the reasons for your failure, and make correct attribution. First of all, under the conditions of market-oriented employment, poor demand situation and fierce employment competition, it is inevitable to fail in job hunting, and we cannot expect to succeed in every job search. We should be fully prepared for possible setbacks in our jobs. At the same time, we should regard employment as a good opportunity to know the society, understand the professional life and adapt to the society. We should develop ourselves and promote self-maturity through job-hunting activities, so "we don't judge heroes by success or failure". Secondly, your failure in job hunting is not necessarily due to your incompetence. There are many reasons for job hunting failure, which may be because you chose the wrong direction of the job hunting unit, or because your values do not conform to the corporate culture of the unit, or other accidental factors. In short, we must correctly analyze the reasons for our failure, adjust our job-hunting strategies, and learn to comfort ourselves in order to succeed in the next job search.

(5) Adjust the employment mentality and promote the perfection of personality.

When applying for a job, it is normal for yourself or your classmates to have some unhealthy mentality. There is no need to worry too much, for fear that you have psychological barriers. Of course, we should also learn to actively adjust these bad attitudes and seek the help of relevant psychologists when necessary. There are many ways to carry out self-psychological adjustment. First, you can give positive self-psychological hints, encourage yourself, believe in yourself and help yourself tide over the difficulties. Secondly, you can talk to your friends and teachers and seek their comfort and support. Finally, you can also divert your attention, relieve boredom and relax through physical exercise, listening to music and outing.

Through the analysis of all kinds of bad mentality in employment, we can find some personality defects that are usually imperceptible. It should be said that these personality defects are the root cause of this psychological problem of employment. If you don't improve your personality now, these problems will continue to trouble you in your future work and life. Therefore, the earlier the related issues are exposed, the better. At the same time, there is no need to be annoyed by your own personality defects, because few people are absolutely sound. The key is to actively change and develop yourself on the basis of discovering your own problems, to make your personality more mature and to make your future life smoother.

(6) Pioneering and enterprising.

College students are young pioneers with ideals, ambitions, innovative spirit and courage to do things. Therefore, college students should have their own plans to start their own businesses, which can be realized immediately after graduation or after a certain social accumulation. College students should have the confidence and courage to develop their own careers. At present, some college students' startups have encountered some difficulties, but there are also quite successful cases. College students' entrepreneurship is definitely worth encouraging. The key is to have accurate ideas and ideas, to have reasonable planning and positioning for yourself, to cooperate with people with market experience, to get rid of the consciousness of student companies, and to carry out scientific professional management.