212 Examination of Anhui Institutions-Book Examples of Basic Knowledge of Public Affairs (Part I)

The following functions and powers belong to the NPC Standing Committee (). A. Amending the Constitution B. Electing the President and Vice-President of the People's Republic of China C. Interpreting the Constitution and supervising its implementation D. Formulating and amending criminal, civil and state organs and other basic legal answers C. Analysis: Article 67 of the Constitution stipulates that the NPC Standing Committee shall exercise the power to interpret and supervise the implementation of the Constitution. A, B and D belong to the functions and powers of the National People's Congress. Authoritative inspiration examines the functions and powers of the National People's Congress and the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) in the Constitution. This is one of the key laws in the legal part, and candidates need to pay attention to it. ● The political part examines the basic principles of Marxism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents, Scientific Outlook on Development, etc. Political knowledge is an examination of candidates' basic political literacy, focusing on understanding candidates' mastery of political thoughts, political theories and political information. This part is often combined with current hot issues, basic national conditions, and the spirit of important meetings of the party and the country. Example The key to building a harmonious socialist society is (). A. Solve the most concerned, direct and realistic interests of the people. B. Follow the road of prosperity. C. Promote the coordinated development of social construction, economic construction, political construction and cultural construction. D. Develop social undertakings, promote social fairness and justice, and build a harmonious culture. Analysis: The "Decision" of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee clearly puts the focus of building a harmonious socialist society on solving the most concerned, direct and realistic interests of the people. This makes people-oriented construction of a harmonious society have a very specific focus. The "Decision" pointed out that the issues concerning people's vital interests such as employment, social security, income distribution, education, medical care, housing, production safety and social security are more prominent. This further clarified eight key tasks to solve the most concerned, direct and realistic interests of the people. In recent years, "harmonious society" and "harmonious culture" are hot topics, and "harmony" is one of the core ruling ideas of our party, so we must pay attention to it. ● The content of the economic and economic part involves the basic theoretical knowledge of economics such as the socialist market economic system, microeconomics and macroeconomics. In addition, it also includes national economic policies and current domestic and international economic hotspots. The examination of economic knowledge emphasizes that candidates can master the basic knowledge and general principles of economics, and can understand and apply economic knowledge on the basis of memorization. From the perspective of China's foreign trade, if the RMB appreciates, it will directly lead to the loss of China's export commodities (). A. product structure advantage B. management cost advantage C. technical content advantage D. price competitive advantage answer D. Analysis: RMB appreciation means that the same amount of RMB can be exchanged for more foreign currencies. After RMB appreciation, the domestic price of the same export commodity will remain unchanged, but its foreign currency price will rise, so China's export commodities will lose their price competitive advantage. The d option is correct. In recent years, with the constant pressure from western countries, especially the United States, the issue of RMB appreciation has attracted special attention. This topic focuses on the examinee's ability to understand the relationship between RMB appreciation and China's economy through the combination of current events. Therefore, in the process of preparing for the exam, candidates should not only master theoretical knowledge, but also pay attention to hot spots and closely combine theory with practice. ● Management's examination of management knowledge mainly involves administrative management, including basic knowledge of management, government functions, administrative organizations, administrative policies and administrative supervision. Generally speaking, the content of this part is relatively simple, mainly examining the examinee's ability to understand and remember related concepts of management knowledge. Example: "A fine horse can take risks, and ploughing is not as good as an ox; A strong car can carry a heavy load, and crossing a river is not as good as a boat. "This sentence inspires us to persist in employing people (). A. the principle of having both ability and political integrity B. the principle of suitability C. the principle of rule of law D. the principle of meritocracy B. Analysis: "A fine horse can take risks, and ploughing is not as good as an ox;" A strong car can carry a load, and crossing the river is not as good as a boat. " It embodies the art of employing people to make full use of their talents and make the best use of everything, which is the subject of rational use of human resources by every employer. It is necessary to appoint people according to their posts, so that people can have room to display in their posts and have a sense of accomplishment, which embodies the principle of being suitable for their abilities. The correct answer to this question is B. Authoritative institutions are constantly reforming, and the principle that employers choose talents will surely become an important test center. ● Humanistic Common Sense The examination of humanistic common sense mainly involves literature, history and other related contents, including China ancient literature, China modern and contemporary literature, foreign literature, China history and world history. Generally speaking, the content of this part is relatively simple, mainly examining candidates' memory ability of humanities and history-related knowledge points. Since the Mao Dun Literature Award was held in 1982, the only writer in China who won Mao Dun Literature Award twice is (). A. Jia Pingwa B. Chen Zhongshi C. Zhang Jie D. Wang Anyi Answer C. Analysis of Mao Dun Literature Award since it was held in 1982. It has been held for seven times, and 31 works by 34 writers have won awards. Jia Pingwa won the seventh Mao Dun Literature Award in 28 for his work "Shaanxi Opera"; Chen Zhongshi won the prize in the 4th Mao Dun Literature Award for his work "White Deer Plain". Wang Anyi won the prize in the 5th Mao Dun Literature Award for her work Song of Eternal Sorrow. Zhang Jie won the prize for her work "Heavy Wings" in the second Mao Dun Literature Award, and won the prize for her work "No Words" in the sixth Mao Dun Literature Award. Zhang Jie is the only writer in China who has won Mao Dun Literature Prize twice so far. Authoritative instructions for institutions to recruit public knowledge in examinations require candidates to have extensive knowledge of literature and history. The Mao Dun Literature Award was established to promote the prosperity of modern Chinese literature and has a great influence in China's literary world. Candidates should have a reserve of this knowledge point. ● Science and technology mainly involves China's relevant scientific development planning, basic knowledge of natural science, latest scientific knowledge and so on. Example The following statement about energy is correct (). A. Nuclear power plants use nuclear energy in two ways: nuclear fusion and nuclear fission. B. Hydrogen is an energy source that can realize zero carbon dioxide emission. C. The working principle of solar cells is photochemical conversion. D. Combustible ice is a scarce energy resource. Analysis: the use of nuclear energy by nuclear power plants is nuclear fission, excluding A; Solar cell is a device that directly converts light energy into electric energy through photoelectric effect or photochemical effect. Photoelectric effect and photochemical effect are not the same concept, and photoelectric effect is the main one, excluding C; Combustible ice is called "21st century energy" or "future new energy" by western scholars, and its reserves are amazing, but it is not widely used only because of the existing development level, excluding D. The core of low-carbon economy is new energy technology, including wind energy, solar energy, geothermal energy, tidal energy, biomass energy, hydropower and nuclear power. China's new energy industry is developing rapidly, and the "Twelfth Five-Year" energy strategy of the Ministry of Science and Technology focuses on supporting the new energy industry. Candidates should pay special attention to the knowledge reserve of new energy sources. ● The contents of the situation of Anhui Province mainly include the general situation of Anhui Province, the geographical resources of Anhui Province, the natural resources of Anhui Province, the humanities of Anhui Province, the famous specialty products of Anhui Province and the celebrities of Anhui Province. This part of the content is simple and easy to understand, but the content is complicated, which requires candidates to accumulate and remember more at ordinary times and master it. Example On August 22, 211, with the approval of the State Council, the prefecture-level city that Anhui officially announced its cancellation was (). A. Hefei B. Wuhu C. Maanshan D. Chaohu Answer D. Analysis: On July 14th, 211, Anhui Province received the "Reply on Agreeing to Cancel the Adjustment of Prefecture-level Chaohu City and Some Administrative Divisions in Anhui Province" issued by the State Council. Chaohu, a prefecture-level city, was split into three parts and merged into Hefei, Wuhu and Maanshan respectively. On August 22, the prefecture-level Chaohu City was officially disintegrated, and the Juchao District of the original Chaohu City was abolished, and the county-level Chaohu City was established. The newly established county-level Chaohu City was directly under the jurisdiction of Anhui Province and hosted by Hefei City. It is not difficult to examine the relevant knowledge points of the provincial situation by authoritative inspiration. But these knowledge points are scattered and need to be carefully memorized. At the same time, candidates should also pay attention to the current political news related to it. (2) Judgment reasoning and data analysis 1. Judgment reasoning mainly examines the logical reasoning and judgment ability of candidates. The types of questions in judgment reasoning can be divided into five types: logical judgment, definition judgment, analogical reasoning, graphic reasoning and event sequencing. (1) deductive reasoning deductive reasoning test questions include possibility reasoning, analytical reasoning and inevitable reasoning. There are many types of questions in possibility reasoning, including weakening, strengthening, premise, explanation, evaluation and conclusion, which require candidates to master classification skills and give targeted answers. Although analytical reasoning topics do not need professional logical knowledge, they need strong thinking ability and flexible use of relevant problem-solving methods; Inevitable reasoning accounts for a small proportion, so it is necessary to master the relevant logical basic knowledge to often examine straightforward propositional reasoning and complex propositional reasoning. Faraday, a famous French scientist, discovered the law of electromagnetic induction, but because he could not express it in the most scientific and strict language, it was not recognized by the scientific community until Maxwell fully expressed this law. It can be seen that (). A. Maxwell is smarter than Faraday. B. Language expression ability is very important. C. Scientific language is the most rigorous and scientific. D. As long as a person has strong expression ability, he can win the recognition answer. Analysis: conclusive topic. What is mainly mentioned in the stem of the question is the importance of language expression ability, which has nothing to do with cleverness, so item A cannot be introduced; Item b meets the meaning of the question; Item c is not mentioned in the article; From the stem of the question, we can see that we must first think, and then express it and get everyone's approval, so the statement of item D cannot be deduced from the stem of the question. So the answer is B. (2) Defining and judging the definition of public institutions in Anhui Province is generally a single definition. The examination form is that each question first gives a definition of a concept, and then lists four situations respectively, requiring candidates to choose the answer that best meets or least meets the definition according to the definition. Single definition judgment mainly includes positive judgment and negative judgment, and the examination field involves law, psychology, economics, sociology and so on. Candidates can solve problems quickly by using exclusion method in combination with definition points. Example IKEA effect means that labor will increase people's feelings about the fruits of labor. When people make things by themselves, they will feel that their creations are particularly valuable. According to the above definition, the following can best reflect the IKEA effect (). A. A company introduced convenient cake powder for people to make cakes, which made the cake making very simple. B. Let people make origami by themselves, and then put it together with other people's origami for bidding. As a result, everyone is willing to pay a higher price for their own origami. C. The school encourages students to make various teaching AIDS by themselves, which not only exercises students' hands-on ability, but also saves teaching costs. D. Furniture produced by a furniture manufacturer needs customers to buy back and complete the assembly and assembly of furniture according to the product manual. Analysis: According to the description of the title, the key message of the IKEA effect is "I feel that my creation is particularly valuable". Items A, C and D do not reflect this point. Only item B, "Willing to make origami for yourself at a higher price", reflects this attribute and conforms to the definition, so item B was elected. (3) Analogical reasoning Analogical reasoning is generally to give a pair of related words, and it is required to find a pair of words that are most close or similar in logical relationship among the alternative answers through observation and analysis. Analogical reasoning topics are not difficult, and the number of words in the questions is relatively small. Candidates may get an answer soon. However, the relationship between words in analogical reasoning is becoming more and more vague, and there are more and more stem traps. Candidates can find a breakthrough in solving problems according to the similarity of the relationship between words. The common relationships include the relationship between concepts, the relationship between near antonyms, the relationship between descriptions, the relationship between conditions and the relationship between grammar. Example (): Stimulating consumption: Issuing coupons is equivalent to gaining weight: encouraging eating: () A. Eliminating poverty and eating more meat B. Discounting financial safety meals C. Eliminating crisis and changing tastes D. Expanding domestic demand for meals Free answer D. Analysis: expanding domestic demand needs to stimulate consumption, and issuing coupons is a way to stimulate consumption; Weight gain needs to encourage eating, and free meals are one way to encourage eating. A stimulating consumption may not eliminate poverty, and eating more meat is the result of encouraging eating rather than the way; Item b financial security has no obvious relationship with stimulating consumption; C item to stimulate consumption may not be able to encourage eating. (4) graphic reasoning graphic reasoning test questions mainly examine the examinee's ability of abstract reasoning. In recent two years, the examination contents of graphic reasoning for recruiting staff in Anhui institutions include classical graphic reasoning, visual graphic reasoning and Jiugongge graphic reasoning. The main examination points include graphic composition, geometric properties, graphic transformation, etc., which requires candidates to carefully observe the graphics and distinguish the similarities and differences of the graphics. Only by mastering the regular test rules can they answer quickly. Example ■ answer a. Analysis: Observe the overall characteristics of the stem graphs. Each graph is black and contains small white graphs, and all of them have vertical symmetry axes. Only A in the options meets the requirements. (5) Event sequencing examines the candidate's ability to analyze the logical relationship between events, and requires that the order of these five events be linked and arranged with the least assumptions. This kind of test questions are generally less difficult, and candidates can think and answer according to common sense of life. Some topics will involve professional knowledge or social hot issues. At this time, we should make reasonable use of our background knowledge, make necessary supplements and assumptions, and carefully verify. When one's own thinking is inconsistent with the thinking of the option, one should generally make reasoning based on the thinking of the option and choose the correct answer. Examples: (1) Xiao Wang participated in skills training to improve his entrepreneurial skills; (2) Factory orders dropped sharply; (3) Xiao Wang joined other laid-off workers to invest and set up factories, and his career developed steadily; (4) The financial turmoil swept across the world; (5) The factory was greatly downsized, and the administrative manager Xiao Wang was laid off A.1-4-3-2-5b.3-5-4-2-1. Analysis: According to the causal relationship and sequence of events, the financial turmoil sweeping the world is the reason for the sharp drop in factory orders, while the sharp reduction in staff and the dismissal of Xiao Wang, the administrative staff, are the results. Xiao Wang (after being laid off) participated in skills training to improve his entrepreneurial skills, and then joined forces with other laid-off workers to invest and set up factories, and his career developed steadily. So the answer is C. 2. Data analysis ● Data analysis focuses on the ability of candidates to understand, analyze and calculate data. Material types include written materials, tabular materials, graphic materials, comprehensive materials, etc., and their contents are mostly related to macroeconomics; There is a large amount of information in the material, so you need to master certain reading skills to locate the data quickly. ● Among the concepts examined in this part, the computational concept is the main one, supplemented by the understanding concept. Computational concepts such as growth, growth rate, proportion, multiple, and import and export amount are frequently examined, while less understanding concepts are examined. ● In the exams in the past two years, calculation questions account for a large proportion, and more attention is paid to the examination of calculation skills. Most of the questions can be solved quickly by using the calculation skills such as the first number method, multiplication and division conversion method, range limitation method, rounding method, numerator and denominator comparison method and so on. Example 21, Fujian