What are the intangible cultural heritages in China?

1. Kunqu Opera is one of the oldest operas in China, which originated in the Ming Dynasty (14-17th century). The singing of Kunqu Opera has a strong artistic quality, which has a great influence on all modern dramas in China, such as Sichuan Opera and Beijing Opera. Kunqu opera performance includes singing, reading, doing, playing and dancing, and it is also a basic subject for training Peking Opera actors.

2. Iron painting, also known as iron flower, is a specialty of Wuhu, Anhui Province and one of the unique handicrafts in China. Iron paintings are all kinds of low-carbon steel decorative paintings forged and welded with iron sheets and iron wires. It combines folk paper-cutting, carving, mosaic and other artistic techniques, adopts Chinese painting composition, contrasts black and white, and combines reality with reality, which has a unique taste.

3. Jiashan Tian Ge is a variant of Wu Ge, and Jiashan Tian Ge is a unique form of ballad in Zhejiang, which is a song for laborers to seek comfort and express their thoughts and feelings in the past. Tian Ge has the forms of solo, duet and chorus of three, five, seven and nine. The most common thing is to make local joys and sorrows into a long love story and sing it everywhere. Tian Ge's tunes include Dripping Water, Da Tou Ge, Yang Zao Tou, Yangko, Pingdiao, Jige and Allegro.

4. Fengyang Flower Drum, also known as "Flower Drum", "Playing Flower Drum", "Flower Drum Gong" and "Double Drum", is a kind of folk performance art that integrates Quyi and song and dance, but the rap performance in the form of Quyi is the most important and famous, and it is generally believed that it was formed in the Ming Dynasty. Fengyang Flower Drum is mainly distributed in towns and villages such as Burning Lamp and Xiaoxihe in Fengyang County. The performance form of its folk art form is one or two people accompanied by gongs and drums, dancing and singing. In history, artists used this as a means to go out and beg, and Fengyang Flower Drum spread all over the country. During the reign of Kang Gan in Qing Dynasty, many literati's poems recorded the lively scenes of singing and dancing during the performance of Fengyang ancient paintings. After the mid-Qing Dynasty, the dance factor gradually faded out of the folk Fengyang Flower Drum, leaving only the vocal part, which was divided into two forms: "sitting singing" and "singing the door".

5. Dong folk songs, which originated in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, have a history of over 2,500 years. It is a folk chorus form with multi-voices, no command, no accompaniment and natural chorus in Dong nationality area of China. 1986, at the Golden Autumn Art Festival in Paris, France, the Dong nationality's big song in Liping, Guizhou Province appeared, which was praised as "music shining like a clear spring, a melody passing by the edge of an ancient dream".

6. The Year of the Qiang Nationality is a traditional festival of the Qiang nationality in Sichuan Province, China, which is celebrated on the first day of the tenth lunar month every year. During the festival, Qiang people worship gods and pray for prosperity. Under the careful guidance of Shi Bi (the priest), the villagers dressed in festive costumes held a grand ceremony to sacrifice the mountain and slaughter the sheep. Then, under the guidance of the stone wall, the villagers will dance skin drum dance and Salang dance.

7. The construction technology of wooden arch bridge with beams in China is to build an extremely stable arch bridge technology system by using log materials, traditional wooden tools and manual skills, and using core technologies such as "beam making" and tenon-mortise connection. The construction of the wooden arch bridge was directed by a carpenter and completed by other carpenters.

8. Maixirev is widely spread in Xinjiang. Due to different regions, its forms are rich and diverse. It is the main cultural space for practicing the traditional customs of Uygur people and displaying Muqam, folk songs, dances, quyi, drama, acrobatics, games and oral literature. It is the main occasion for people to inherit and carry forward ethics, folk etiquette, culture and art, and it is an important part of traditional festivals and folk activities of Uygur people.

9. Fuchuan is the general name of ancient ships with sharp bottoms along the coast of Fujian and Zhejiang. Its boat is as flat as a scale, like a knife, with a wide bottom tip and a wide head tip, and its tail is tilted at both ends. The whole body contains beautiful factors and exudes attractive charm. The so-called "watertight cabin" is to divide the cabin into unconnected cabins with bulkhead plates. The number of carriages is 13, and there are also eight. This kind of ship structure is a great invention of shipbuilding in China, which can improve the anti-sinking performance of the ship and increase the safety of navigation. Zhang wan Fortune Boat is unique, with one vein remaining. Nowadays, it is an endangered folk handicraft, and it can be called one of the unique skills in China.

10, wooden movable type printing once existed in Wenzhou area. Wooden movable type printing inherited by Wang Xing's family in Dongyuan Village, Pingyangkeng Town, Rui 'an, has become one of the few places in the country that are still in use, with a history of more than 800 years. It completely inherits the traditional crafts of ancient China, is the material evidence that movable type printing originated in China, and can be called the living fossil of ancient printing.

Extended data:

By the end of 20 13 and 12, the total number of projects selected by China in UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage List has reached 37, making it the country with the largest number of intangible cultural heritage projects in the world.

On February 7th, 2065438+0717, at the meeting of UNESCO World Heritage Committee in Jeju Island, South Korea, the famous pizza production in Naples in southern Italy was selected as "intangible cultural heritage" by the United Nations World Heritage Committee.

According to the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on Intangible Cultural Heritage, intangible cultural heritage refers to various traditional cultural expressions handed down from generation to generation by people of all ethnic groups and regarded as part of their cultural heritage, as well as articles and places related to traditional cultural expressions.

Including: (1) traditional oral literature and its carrier language; (2) Traditional arts, calligraphy (plum blossom seal script), music, dance, drama, folk art and acrobatics; (3) Traditional skills, medicine and calendars; (4) Traditional etiquette, festivals and other folk customs; (5) Traditional sports and entertainment; (6) Other intangible cultural heritage. Objects and places that are part of intangible cultural heritage are all cultural relics, and the relevant provisions of the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on the Protection of Cultural Relics shall be observed.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-intangible cultural heritage