Why is Shaanxi called Sanqin?

The so-called Sanqin refers to the land of Qin, which was divided into three parts by Xiang Yu after the demise of the Qin Dynasty, so it was called Sanqin. Modern Sanqin refers to Guanzhong, northern Shaanxi and southern Shaanxi under the jurisdiction of Shaanxi.

Shaanxi is the birthplace of Chinese civilization, where 14 dynasties established their capitals, including the four dynasties of Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang, the most brilliant Chinese civilization!

Sanqin culture is profound and profound, and it is an important part of Chinese civilization!

As we all know, there is a river from north to south in Hunan-Xiangjiang River. Xiangjiang River joins three tributaries in Hunan Province before flowing into Dongting. I forgot the collective names. They were all named after Xiang * (short for tributary), which gave birth to Sanxiang in Hunan. Because Xiangjiang River has nurtured most Hunan people, Hunan people have deep feelings for Xiangjiang River, so later people are called Hunan.

If Guangdong is the leader of China's opening to the outside world. So Shaanxi is the representative of China's traditional civilization. If Beijing embodies the history of the decline of Han civilization, the capital of two of the three dynasties ruled China, and the majesty of the imperial city of Beijing contains the shame that our ancestors surrendered to two nomadic peoples, then what you see in Xi 'an is the authentic Chinese civilization. Starting from Banpo civilization, this is the birthplace of China culture, the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Western Han Dynasty and the Sui Dynasty. Here, your homesickness has really found its sustenance. Among the northwestern provinces, Shaanxi is also the most culturally developed province, with many universities and talents in xi 'an. The overall impression of Shaanxi people is simple, gentle, straightforward and unrestrained. Shaanxi people have a high-pitched accent and a simple long sound, which all reflect some characteristics of Shaanxi people, but in contrast, Shaanxi people are Shaanxi people.

When I got to middle school, I looked simple and honest, straightforward and enthusiastic. However, Guanzhong people are somewhat secretive and mysterious. People in southern Shaanxi are not as cunning as those in Guanzhong, but they are more "refined" than those in northern Shaanxi. Because of their long tradition, even in remote villages, you may meet people who "admire" good people and deeds. There are many talented scholars in Shaanxi, and the literary world is "Shaanxi Army". Tradition is the wealth and burden of Shaanxi people, which makes Shaanxi people tend to be conservative and paranoid. However, the backwardness in reality and the glory in history give Shaanxi people a great sense of loss, so they are narcissistic and inferior, and they have the little literati who is full of complaints and thinks that all women in the world are eager to die for it in Jia Pingwa's "Waste Capital". Only Mr. Zhu in Chen's White Deer Plain thinks he has the truth of "justice" and disdains the "saints" who associate with southern literati.

People. It is not uncommon for Bai Jiaxuan, a "moral hero" who maintains discipline by flogging and family law, to be found in rural Shaanxi and the backward Loess Plateau. In Shaanxi, northern Shaanxi seems to be a place where beautiful women are born. "My mother-in-law is like a Suide person. "Young men in northern Shaanxi have high noses and deep eyes, and even rustic clothes can't cover their handsomeness. Girls in northern Shaanxi are gentle and obedient, but their hearts are strong and fierce, and they often use soft skills to control their husbands' obedience. Be careful!

The origin of Sanqin culture;

In 206 BC, Xiang Yu led princes from all walks of life to enter Shanhaiguan for the Western Expedition to destroy Qin. Later, Xiang Yu claimed to be the overlord of the West Chu, took the land of two Chu and nine counties as his own, and enfeoffed the generals who had meritorious service in destroying Qin, the nobles of the old six countries and the generals who had fallen to Qin 18 as princes. Among them, he gave Zhang Han, Sima Xin and Dong Kun the original territory of Qin State, west of Hanguguan and north of Qinling Mountains. This history is recorded in Sima Qian's Historical Records. These three princes are all generals of the State of Qin, so people call them the Three Kings of Qin. Accordingly, the land of these three vassal States was called Sanqin, and then "Sanqin" became synonymous with Shaanxi.

The geographical scope of Sanqin culture

However, considering the consistency of regional culture, it is not appropriate to represent Shaanxi with Sanqin or to define Sanqin culture with Shaanxi's region. Obviously, the Hanshui River basin south of the Qinling Mountains has been deeply influenced by Chu culture since ancient times. On the contrary, the loess hilly areas in central Gansu and southern Ningxia show great consistency with Guanzhong and northern Shaanxi in folk culture. It can be seen that the scope of Sanqin Cultural Zone should still be based on the territory of Yong, Sai and Zhai in Chu and Han Dynasties, and according to the current administrative divisions, it includes north-central Shaanxi, eastern Gansu and southern Ningxia.

A simple and rude lifestyle.

Before the Northern Song Dynasty, the Sanqin area was always one of the areas where the Central Plains regime and nomadic people suffered repeated wars and defeats, and the folk customs were known for their loyalty and martial arts. After the Northern Song Dynasty, the Guanlong area was no longer the focus of the feudal dynasty, and it also lost its position as a transportation hub, which made the Guanlong area, which was originally closed in geographical environment, more closed, and gradually created the simple and filial folk customs of Guanlong people. Farmers in the Loess Plateau, in particular, abide by their ancestral teachings, are content with poverty and backwardness, and live a very simple life.

Conservatism and backwardness have become the mainstream of Sanqin culture since Ming and Qing Dynasties. However, in sharp contrast to the closed and conservative, this area has preserved many unique customs rooted in the Loess Plateau in the long history, which is even more precious today.

The Loess Plateau has long been semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral, with slow economic development and relatively backward handicraft industry. Therefore, the life of the people in northern Shaanxi and Longzhong has been relatively hard, which is reflected in the fact that clothes and bedding are mainly coarse cloth and felt, which is very simple. In addition to simple dress habits, there is another feature that clothes are still white. For example, the rural wedding custom, the bride's head should be decorated with a white handkerchief, which has a long history. In northern Shaanxi, men tie white towels on their heads in the style of hero knots, which also reflects the characteristics of white clothes. Generally speaking, white people are the custom of nomadic people. Nomads are used to the color of sheep and naturally prefer white or light color. This is more prominent among nomadic peoples such as Mongolian. Although Guanlong area is agricultural or semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral area, it is deeply influenced by nomadic culture. It can even be said that they are more nomadic in their blood, and some customs are deeply rooted in daily life. The preservation of the custom of respecting white is a manifestation. For example, farmers in northern Shaanxi called their headscarves "white sheep belly towels", which also revealed some subtle origins.

People in Guanlong area not only dress simply, but also eat relatively simply. Most of the daily meals are miscellaneous grains, and there are few kinds of vegetables, but pickles and peppers are used as auxiliary materials. But there are obvious differences among Guanzhong, northern Shaanxi and Longdong. Guanzhong is a wheat producing area, with a large proportion of wheat in grain, while the staple foods in northern Shaanxi and Longdong are corn, millet and millet.

Entering Shaanxi and Longdong in Sanqin area, the symbolic houses on the loess high slope appeared-caves. On the one hand, the loess is very tall and straight, on the other hand, there are few tall trees on the loess plateau, so it is difficult to build tile houses, so kiln residence is a very suitable choice. There are three caves in a yard, and there are also five or seven caves, which are warm in winter and cool in summer, and farmers are willing to repair and chisel.

The folk customs of Sanqin are simple and high-pitched, and local operas and folk songs also show this folk characteristic.

The dramas popular in Guanlong area have the most local characteristics, such as Shaanxi opera, Yi Nian, shadow play (the birthplace of shadow play is in Shaanxi) and so on. The most representative folk songs are Xintianyou in northern Shaanxi and flowers in eastern Gansu. The loess plateau in northern Shaanxi is connected by mountains and ditches. Farmers drive livestock in ravines, work at sunrise, rest at sunset, and sing at the sight. The long and sonorous tunes are very natural and harmonious with the background of working on the loess high slope.

Speaking of traditional opera songs and dances in Guanlong area, there are naturally all kinds of inspirations, especially the bold Ansai waist drum. The origin of waist drum is that the earliest soldiers stationed in the Great Wall were equipped with waist drums to stimulate their fighting spirit, which spread to the people and gradually evolved into waist drums to celebrate harvest and good omen. Others believe that in ancient times, shepherds dug roots into pipes and stretched lamb skins into drums to amuse themselves. In a word, waist drum became popular as soon as it appeared, and gradually developed into a local folk art.

Sanqin area, or Guanlong area, has a strong consistency in folk culture and ecology, which is very different from the surrounding areas. The formation of this regional culture is closely related to the natural economic environment, humanistic background and historical administrative divisions of this area, thus producing the Sanqin culture in such a vast land.