Educational Psychology: Types of Self-defense Mechanism —— Teacher Recruitment in Tianjin in 2020

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Common self-defense mechanisms include sublimation, compensation, regression, transfer, rationalization and denial. It mainly appears in the form of multiple-choice questions, and most of them appear in the form of inverted examples. Therefore, understanding the meaning is very important. The following is a brief description of these self-defense mechanisms.

Sublimation, that is, leading the repressed unconscious impulse to a higher level, making it manifest in a form beneficial to society and oneself, or transforming it into an activity acceptable to people or praised by society in some way or way, is a positive psychological defense mechanism. For example, "Young Werther" written by Goethe when he was lovelorn; Cervantes wrote Don Quixote according to his early misfortune.

Compensation means that when an individual can't achieve a certain goal because of a certain physical and mental defect, he consciously takes other successful activities to make up for a certain ability defect and make up for the inferiority complex caused by failure. So-called? What's missing from the East Corner? This is the role. Compensation can be divided into negative compensation and positive compensation. Negative compensation refers to the method used by individuals to make up for defects, which is not helpful to individuals themselves, and sometimes even brings greater harm. If some students don't study well, it won't help the individual to get attention by showing off their family background; Enthusiastic compensation is to make up for its defects in an appropriate way. If used properly, it will bring some good changes to our lives. For example, some disabled people can become world-famous athletes through amazing efforts, and some stutterers can successfully become fluent speakers.

Retrograde refers to retrogression to an earlier, more primitive or more childish behavior pattern due to setbacks. In other words, when individuals encounter setbacks, they will use naive behavior to deal with practical difficulties, so as to attract people's attention or win sympathy to reduce anxiety. Degeneration is a very common self-defense mechanism, especially among children. For example, a 4-year-old boy has successfully passed the oral period (0- 1 year old) and anal period (1-3 years old), and can eat regularly, urinate on time and pay attention to hygiene. However, after his mother gave birth to another little brother or sister, the boy felt left out and lost his maternal love because most of his parents' attention was transferred to the newborn. Or you may suck your fingers, bite your nails, cry easily and find someone to feed you, which is a sign of retrogression to the oral stage.

Transfer, also known as displacement, replacement, substitution and substitution, refers to subconsciously transferring instinctive impulses (such as sex and aggression) from one threatening target and object to another non-threatening target and object. For example, venting anger is a sign of transfer.

Rationalization, also known as decoration, refers to replacing the real motivation or reason of one's behavior with an acceptable reason. By making up something that seems reasonable? Good reason? Make excuses for your mistakes or failures, so as to cover up the real motives, needs and desires of your irrational behavior, avoid losing self-esteem and seek spiritual comfort. For example, physical abuse of children is described as? Jade can't be cut into tools, and trees can't be cut into tools? ,? Is fighting painful or abusive? ; When you are fired for poor performance, you will blurt out:? I'm not interested in this job. I don't want to do it for a long time. ? There are two mechanisms of rationalization, namely sour grape mechanism and sweet lemon mechanism. The sour grape mechanism refers to denying the value and significance of a purpose when it fails to achieve a certain expected purpose. Even if you can't eat grapes, they are sour. For example, if you don't get the first place in the exam, there will be no room for development. The mechanism of sweet lemon means that when the expected purpose is not achieved, it will steal peace and raise the value of the status quo or things. For example, go players bet:? If I lose, I will shave my head. ? As a result, I really shaved my head when I lost the chess game, so I said: Shave my head, and my mind will be clearer and younger when the wind blows! ?

Denial, denying the event that causes anxiety and pain, as if it had never happened, in order to obtain temporary psychological comfort, is subconscious. This is a relatively simple defense mechanism with children's psychological characteristics. Cover your ears and pretend you can't hear the bell.

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