What are the characteristics of human resource management in Japanese enterprises?

Characteristics of human resource management in Japanese enterprises;

Long-term employment system, seniority system and internal trade unions are the basis of human resource management in Japanese enterprises.

Pay attention to the selection process of comprehensive quality and teamwork spirit. Long-term employment mainly aims at various employment forms of employees, including: full-time employees, that is, full-time members, who enjoy various benefits of the enterprise while taking on relatively important responsibilities; Contract workers, also known as contract workers, usually sign contracts with enterprises on a one-year basis, and the treatment is basically the same as that of regular employees, even slightly higher than that of regular employees, but they have no identity protection and do not enjoy a one-time pension; Temporary workers refer to employees who work during busy working days or working hours, usually housewives or students. Their wages are usually calculated by hours or days and paid monthly, and they do not enjoy bonuses and other benefits. Hourly workers, that is, employees who are paid by working hours. Compared with temporary workers, the employment time is irregular and the working cycle is relatively short. In addition, in some industries with strong seasonality, "seasonal workers" will be hired according to the degree of busy leisure.

Employment mechanism characterized by job rotation. After the enterprise completes the recruitment, it should train the employees and then arrange the work. The cultivation of Japanese enterprises has three characteristics: first, it pays attention to the cultivation of generalists, which has distinct characteristics compared with the cultivation of professional talents in American enterprises; Second, the training goal of generalists also determines that Japanese enterprises adopt more on-the-job training as the main form, supplemented by off-the-job training; Third, the training emphasizes bringing new strength with the old and attaching importance to example. Old employees who are responsible for bringing new employees are sometimes appointed by enterprises and sometimes naturally formed at work.

Emphasize the retention mechanism of employees' sense of belonging. Japanese enterprises emphasize employees' sense of belonging and attach importance to maintaining the relationship with employees with emotion. In Japan, employees are so loyal to enterprises that some people describe them as "social animals"-animals raised by companies, which are characterized by loyalty to enterprises and even giving up their lives. Of course, this formulation is too extreme, and there are many controversies in Japan, but it also reflects the tradition of Japanese enterprises to improve the enthusiasm of employees by forming the same fate.

A way of educating people characterized by internal qualification system. Japanese enterprises attach importance to cultivating talents through career development. Because the employment of Japanese large enterprises is based on long-term employment, the career planning of employees is particularly important. Usually, Japanese companies consider career planning from the standpoint of employees and conduct corresponding training, which is also a means to retain employees. The internal qualification system objectively played this role.