Remote Rural Areas in Yunnan: Kindergartens Stall Primary School "Legs"

"After the investigation and statistics on the situation and reasons of school-age children dropping out of compulsory education in poor households in the province, it was found that 6 1.7% of the students dropped out of school because they didn't understand Mandarin." At the first meeting of the 12th CPC Yunnan Provincial Committee, a collective proposal put forward by the Yunnan Provincial Committee of the Democratic Progressive Party caused a heated discussion among many CPC members.

"Due to the lack of pre-school education, the level of Chinese before entering school is low or basically no Chinese, which makes it difficult for these children to keep up with their learning progress after entering school." A member of the Yunnan Provincial Political Consultative Conference from the grassroots said.

The reporter noted that preschool education in rural areas is "difficult to enter the park and there is no kindergarten entrance", which is also a shortcoming of educational development in ethnic areas. It is also the focus of the local "two sessions" in recent years and the pain point of the people.

"The age of 36 is a crucial period for the development of personality, language, habits and potential. Education in this period is the basis for children to enter the basic education system. " A CPPCC member said.

Some villages have not had kindergartens for many years.

After graduating from college, Yin Yuee (pseudonym) returned to her hometown of Cangyuan Wa Autonomous County in Lincang, Yunnan Province, and started a kindergarten in her own yard. She borrowed money to buy blackboards, trampolines, slides and some toys, found some high and low tables and chairs everywhere, put them in several bungalows transformed into classrooms, and decorated the walls with pictures and English letters by herself. I also bought a second-hand van as a school bus, and my husband was responsible for picking up the children every morning and evening.

The two teachers in kindergarten have only high school education and no kindergarten teacher qualification certificate. Responsible for cooking, laundry and other daily life is a 60-year-old farmer. Due to economic difficulties, kindergarten hardware facilities are seriously inadequate, and children's activities are also very limited.

Although the conditions are simple, there are no kindergartens in the surrounding villages for dozens of kilometers. This kindergarten is located in the market and has convenient transportation. Many families in neighboring villages send their children between the ages of two and six here. Kindergarten can recruit 50 or 60 children every year, divided into two classes.

In this regard, an expert from the Yunnan Provincial Committee of the Democratic Progressive Party expressed concern: "The' blank' is the first problem to be solved in the construction of preschool education."

He said: "Although preschool education has implemented a three-year action plan, due to more debts in the early stage, preschool education resources in ethnic poverty-stricken areas are still seriously insufficient, the enrollment rate is low, and the problem of difficulty in enrolling in kindergartens is outstanding."

According to the investigation of Yunnan Provincial Committee of the Democratic Progressive Party, most border counties in Yunnan are located in mountainous and semi-mountainous areas, with scattered residence and less investment in the construction of village-level preschool education schools. The planning and layout of new government investment is divorced from the distribution and residence in border ethnic areas, which makes the enrollment rate of children in counties and towns relatively high, while the distribution of preschool education in remote rural areas is lacking. Of the 2052 administrative villages in 25 border counties, 690 have no kindergartens. In addition, there are 1 173 primary schools with preschool classes.

Unreasonable planning and layout lead to low preschool education popularization rate in border ethnic areas. The proposal of the Yunnan Provincial Committee of the Democratic Progressive Party bluntly pointed out: "The gross enrollment rate in Yunnan Province in the three years before school is 9. 13 percentage points lower than the national average, while the low enrollment rate in the whole province is concentrated in 25 border counties, only 6 1.7 1%, which is 6.56 percentage points lower than the whole province."

Village kindergarten, called kindergarten, is actually preschool.

Jiang Yehai (pseudonym) and his wife are both from Funing County, Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. They used to be substitute teachers Because they didn't get a public teacher, the couple set up a "family-style" kindergarten in the village, which was maintained by low fees. Kindergarten doesn't have many teaching AIDS and toys. They only recruit children aged 5-7. They are both nurses and teachers, teaching children simple pinyin and arithmetic.

Jiang Yehai said that due to inconvenient transportation, few students, poor students and difficult fees, there are few private kindergartens in towns and villages, and even fewer in villages. Both husband and wife used to be teachers. Everyone in the village thought their kindergarten was "formal" and no one had ever raised any objection to their preschool.

Experts from the Yunnan Provincial Committee of the Democratic Progressive Party saw in the investigation that at present, although most towns and villages have established preschool education centers, most of them do not run kindergartens independently due to teachers, funds and other reasons. Instead, we use primary school resources, radiate preschool classes through primary schools, and temporarily deploy teachers to solve the preschool education problems of some children. The teaching age of these preschool classes is generally less than one year, and many areas only offer preschool classes for children aged 5-6 from March to June every year. In 25 border counties, there are 1 173 primary schools with preschool classes.

Professor Li Zhi Nong, deputy dean of the School of Ethnology and Sociology of Yunnan University (fractional line, major setting) also found the same problem when investigating in Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan:

Since, Diqing has built, rebuilt and expanded the township central kindergarten 1 1. However, due to the shortage of kindergarten teachers and other reasons, township kindergartens, called kindergartens, are actually preschool classes.

"Because kindergarten teachers are temporary part-time primary school teachers or other primary school personnel, there are no specialized nurses and medical staff, which makes the curriculum for children very unreasonable." Li Zhinong said.

The proposal of the Yunnan Provincial Committee of the Democratic Progressive Party also pointed out that kindergartens in border ethnic areas have the phenomenon of "primary education" in different degrees, especially private kindergartens and primary school preschool classes. Some even leave small classes of homework for their children, which the kindergarten can't finish, and they have to do when they go home.

The reason for this phenomenon is related to the shortage of funds. For preschool education in most towns and villages, the shortage of funds is the same problem they face, and the cost depends entirely on self-financing or donations from poverty alleviation units.

In Yangla Village and Jiagong Village, Deqin County, Diqing County, Li Zhinong saw that the relevant expenses of preschool education classes in the village and the salaries of life teachers and cooks hired in the village were paid by the township government every month. There are almost no learning and game facilities that children need; The bed where the child sleeps is too high. After the school sawed the legs of the bed into two sections, it was still high for young children.

The proposal of the Yunnan Provincial Committee of the Democratic Progressive Party also bluntly pointed out: "The government's financial input is insufficient."

The proposal reads: "In 2 1 poverty-stricken counties in 25 border counties and cities, local governments basically have no financial resources to invest in pre-school education, and some years even have zero investment. The government gives subsidies to children with financial difficulties in kindergartens every year, accounting for about 10% of the total number of children in public kindergartens in the province, and they are born in 300 yuan every year. However, compared with government subsidies to the poor, the proportion of such subsidies is very small. "

There is a shortage of pre-school teachers in towns and villages.

Since the establishment of the kindergarten, Yin Yuee has never received government support funds. What makes her even more anxious is that because the salary for teachers ranges from 500 to 700 yuan every month, the mobility of teachers is great, and the longest stay is only half a year. The teachers who can come are not highly educated, and some even drop out of school in junior high school.

Township kindergartens are also facing the problem of insufficient teachers. Because there are no kindergarten teachers in some towns and villages, preschool classes can only temporarily transfer teachers from rural primary schools as kindergarten teachers; In public kindergartens, most teachers are basically in primary schools.

The investigation of Yunnan Provincial Committee for Democratic Progressive Party shows that the shortage of preschool teachers restricts the development of preschool education.

According to the proposal, "there are 199550 children in kindergartens in 25 border counties in Yunnan, and the total number of teaching staff is only 15232. According to the standards of kindergarten classes and full-time teachers and nurses, there is still a gap of 48 10; The quality of teachers is not high, and their professional ability is weak, especially the bilingual teachers in kindergartens in border ethnic areas are seriously insufficient; The education and training system in border areas is not perfect, and teacher training is not targeted. "

In this regard, the Yunnan Provincial Committee of the Democratic Progressive Party suggested that the kindergarten teachers who need to be equipped at the village-level pre-school education sites in 25 border counties should be co-ordinated at the county level, with unified recruitment at the prefecture level, local priority and open recruitment.

In his consultation report to local governments, Li Zhinong also suggested that "the differences in educational basic conditions in different regions should be fully considered, and the number of preschool teachers and the proportion of recruiters with vacant posts and vacancies should be relaxed".

The relevant person in charge of the Yunnan Provincial Department of Education said that although preschool education in Yunnan Province has developed rapidly in recent years, inclusive resources are seriously insufficient and investment lags behind, and preschool education is still a shortcoming in the development of education in Yunnan.

To this end, Yunnan Province has borrowed 50 million US dollars from the World Bank to develop rural preschool education. At the same time, increase the establishment of kindergarten teachers to recruit full-time teachers, arrange for primary school teachers to transfer jobs, implement the special post plan for kindergarten teachers and the three-support and one-support plan for college graduates, focusing on supplementing kindergartens at township and village levels; For teachers who have worked in rural kindergartens for a long time, they should be inclined in terms of job (title) evaluation and employment, living allowance for rural teachers, and turnover dormitory for rural school teachers.

It is noteworthy that at the first meeting of the 13th People's Congress of Yunnan Province held on October 25th, 65438/KLOC-0, improving the basic conditions for running schools with weak compulsory education in poverty-stricken areas was written into the work report of the provincial government. According to the report, in 20 18, the task of "thinning" will be fully completed with the focus on rural compulsory education, and the provincial finance will be responsible for all the "thinning" investment in 88 poverty-stricken counties.