Debate: Is it the reporter's responsibility or the editor's responsibility to make mistakes in news articles?

"Opinions on Further Deepening News Reform" and other measures and rules, in particular, put forward clear requirements for preventing news errors and news inaccuracies, and included the error punishment of editors in the assessment of the month. The "Error Management Measures" formulated by Enshi Daily stipulates: error classification and discrimination: 1, first-class errors: political and guiding errors; Publish the prohibited contents stipulated by the state and relevant departments; Mistakes in laws, regulations and policies; The report is seriously inaccurate; Serious mistakes in the topic, etc. 2. Minor error: refers to the omission of major domestic and international press releases of Xinhua News Agency; The layout of important manuscripts is seriously improper; Important citation error; The picture and text do not match; Errors in headers and advertisements (date, serial number, total number of issues, edition name, edition number, edition number, pinyin); The names and positions of leading comrades at or above the county level are wrong; Drafted again; Version transfer error; The theme used by Hua Cuo; The title above the third word is wrong, etc. 3. Three-level errors: refer to the general errors in text, technology and knowledge; General citation error; Serious mistakes in grammar and logic; Name, place name, number, unit of measurement, position, title, unit name and title are incorrectly written; Typo, multiple words, missing words, variant characters, variant characters and punctuation errors; Nonstandard typesetting, etc.

There are generally three reasons why news is untrue. One is political reasons, which mainly refers to political errors in political orientation, political consciousness, political terminology expression or news picture collocation. The other is the responsibility error, which is caused by negligence or weak sense of responsibility and lax control. Third, intellectual errors, common sense errors caused by ignorance, such as the use of uncommon words, logical grammar errors, misuse of idioms and proverbs, errors in literature knowledge, and some names, places and year numbers in history. The most fundamental reason for news inaccuracy is that some journalists' editing thinking and working methods are incorrect or not deep, which is easy to damage the reputation and economic property of the reported people. Some news inaccuracies also constitute slander, but not all news inaccuracies are accompanied by slander.

Errors and false news are important aspects that affect the reputation and quality of newspapers, and they are also the "long-standing problems" of newspapers. Although the newspaper has made great efforts to catch mistakes and made unremitting efforts, "small mistakes continue", mistakes and fake news still exist. There are many mistakes in newspapers, especially common sense mistakes and false news, which will weaken the propaganda effect and affect the image of newspapers and newspapers.

Editing is the important and last link of newspaper error control. In the process of editing, we often encounter some problematic manuscripts and places. If we look at it with suspicion and don't let go of our doubts easily, maybe we will find mistakes early and make fake news more useless.

First, the main manifestations of false news

Catch the wind and catch the shadows. It is a typical expression of fake news to regard gossip as news reports and internal plans and ideas as news reports. This kind of fake news seems to have news elements, but the basic facts reported have not happened.

Make it up. This kind of fraud is the worst, although the number is small, but the impact is extremely bad. Some journalists and correspondents became "writers", fabricating facts and stories. This kind of fake news has greatly damaged the reputation of the press. On June 13, there was no news in the first edition-"Wooden Craft Products are Unique in the Province (Cited)". Hefeng Global Wood Industry Co., Ltd. has a good market and the demand exceeds the supply (main). The original text said that the contract was signed for more than 40 million dollars. I checked the phone, but I didn't sign it. It was also an intention, and there was almost no fait accompli. If you see a newspaper, readers will only say that the newspaper is broadcasting satellites.

Some correspondents often publish the first in the county, which is the first in the country. Editors should pay special attention.

The title does not match. At present, there are more and more such fraudulent phenomena, and the titles are either amazing or provocative, in short, there is a "visual impact", but the content of the article simply does not match the title. This not only damages the reputation of the parties, but also has the suspicion of teasing the audience. Strictly speaking, it is an act of misleading readers and a fraud. A photo shows that in order to commemorate the "July 7 Lugouqiao Incident", the Tuanbao Town Government of Lichuan City and all walks of life raised more than 20,000 yuan, and on July 6, the "Memorial Tower for the War Dead", which was built during the Anti-Japanese War and was in disrepair, was completely restored. On July 7th, teachers and students from Class Two, Grade Four, Tuanbao Town Central Primary School came to the tower for patriotic education.

According to the editor's understanding, the restoration of the memorial tower should be to commemorate the 60th anniversary of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, while the student activities on July 7th were to commemorate the July 7th Lugouqiao Incident.

Exaggerate. Although this kind of fake news also has certain factual basis, it has done a lot of processing in fact. Some embellish, some substitute flowers, and many plots and contents are beyond the author's imagination. Now there is a view in my mind that as long as the main facts of the news exist, the specific circumstances are a little different and the problem is not big. This misunderstanding must be corrected. Because the part will affect the whole, it is easy to question the authenticity of the whole report because of inaccurate details. On July 4th, the news of a edition of "Hefeng Baiguo Tea Factory is the first in Hubei's export" was inquired by telephone, and the author replied, "Last year was the first in the province, and there is no statistics this year, which is calculated."

Against common sense. This kind of report generally has news sources or ready-made materials to rely on, but because the reporter's own ability of analysis, judgment and discrimination is not strong, the content of the report does not match the facts. This kind of low-level error reflects that some editors and reporters are seriously deficient in scientific common sense, social common sense and theoretical common sense.

On the evening of June 20th, 1 1, the first edition withdrew a message when signing the machine sample-"farmers' father and daughter joined the party". The article said: "19 June, Tangjiacao Village, Huaping Township, Jianshi County adopted Yuan as a preparation for party member, and his father was an official party member." The article also said: "On June 2 this year, migrant worker Yuan set off from Beijing and returned to the village to submit an application for joining the party." Joining the party in just ten days does not conform to the relevant procedures and violates common sense. There are two possibilities. First, Yuan was only the object of investigation. Second, the local government made special treatment for the outstanding Yuan and suddenly joined the Party. Check with the correspondent, the phone is disconnected. In order to avoid mistakes and negative effects, the manuscript can only be abandoned.

On June 27th, a edition of the news "CPPCC members inspect places for religious activities" said: "Hualiling Catholic Church in Lichuan City was founded in the second year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1875)." According to the data, the first year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty was 1875. So the second year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty should be 1876. For such unclear questions, it is suggested to inquire online.

When we check "suspicious manuscripts", we often bring out more problems. Have a plenty of doubt itself does have a problem; There are still some places where the author wants to add and correct. Therefore, in the face of "suspicious manuscripts", we must check them to the end.

Second, strengthen the editor's sense of responsibility and be careful to prevent mistakes.

The press and publication department of Enshi Daily, as the main business department of the newspaper, is responsible for the editing and assembly of the whole newspaper and has a very important responsibility to prevent newspaper errors. We have learned lessons from practice and made arduous efforts and beneficial explorations for newspaper error prevention.

After the implementation of computer office, the newspaper once canceled proofreading, and the editors combined typing, editing, typesetting and proofreading. The work is heavy and mistakes are inevitable. The editor lamented that it was "singing in the bird's nest-people were exhausted and the play was not good." High pressure and good long-term effect.

At first, the editors were not skilled in computer technology and made many mistakes. Common mistakes: when compiling the version, the computer automatically converts the numbers, and when copying the manuscript, the numbers often overlap. If you are not careful, something will happen. If the per capita income of 3000 yuan becomes 33000 yuan, readers will say that newspapers can really brag; Computer failure, manuscript garbled. Some words in the manuscript can't be read clearly, so they can't be used If you use it reluctantly, the result can be imagined. Computer skills are not enough. When typing phrases, there are many words, many other words and many mistakes.

Newspapers have tens of thousands of words or more at sunrise, and it is almost impossible to make mistakes. According to the allowable error rate standard of three ten thousandths, a four-page newspaper has more than ten "allowable" errors every day. Errors are inevitable, but frequent and repeated errors are worth studying, on the one hand, the responsibility and level of editors, on the other hand, the system and management of newspapers. To solve the wrong problem, we need to improve the editing system and rely on the system to check. At the same time, editing and other links should be well checked and responsible, and * * * should prevent mistakes.

As far as the responsibilities of editors are concerned, responsibility is the main aspect, and computer skills and writing skills are also very important.

In order to prevent editing errors, enhance the sense of responsibility and strictly control, the publishing department of Enshi Daily draws on experience and combines its own reality to formulate the Measures for Preventing Editing Errors. After a period of hard work, the results are obvious.

The general requirements of the Measures: take it seriously and correct it in time if you have any questions; Reminding each other is the same as blocking; Responsible at all levels, with clear rewards and punishments. In the specific operation, the requirement is: 1, with the same title and consistency. Names (and their identities), place names, numbers (including the conversion of numbers), etc. Can't leave doubts and can't contradict each other; 2. Enter the manuscript and check the original. Editors and proofreaders must check the manuscript input by the input personnel; 3. For the manuscript that has been modified by others, the responsible editor should open the column of "Modification" to see if there are any errors. Use "Chinese Proofreading" in the toolbar to make the computer proofread again; 4. Turn the text to version and connect it in place. Generally, the forwarded documents are not copied. When you need to copy, you must guard against the number duplication caused by automatic computer conversion. If the manuscript is unclear, you can ask the author or ask others. In the process of editing, consult professionals for uncertain content; 6. Strengthen communication with proofreaders, and tell them or mark them on sample paper instead; 7. Departments should form a good drilling business atmosphere, and colleagues should discuss more and remind more.

China's news industry norms also stipulate relevant content. Article 4 of China's "Code of Professional Ethics for Journalists" stipulates: "Work should be serious and responsible to avoid inaccurate reports. If there is anything untrue, you should take the initiative to take responsibility and take remedial measures. "

(A), closely linked to political standards

"Ten Danger Zones of News Propaganda" is a warning: it violates Deng Xiaoping Theory's so-called new concept; Exclusive news that leaks party and state secrets; Anecdotes involving party and state leaders; News or works that violate ethnic and religious policies; Unauthorized disclosure of natural and man-made disasters, accidents and incidents; A detailed report on the criminal's means of committing crimes and the means of public security detection; Director's works in cities, weekends, abstracts, literature, advertisements and beautiful films; Improper news and works with unknown sources; Works that are not conducive to the reunification of the motherland and foreign policy; Positive and negative reports that may affect stability.

(B), resist the news "junk."

There are some problems in news articles, such as rough words, unreasonable articles and sentences, wrong words, wrong meanings, too many ambiguities and irrelevant articles. In the face of these news "rubbish", our editors are required to master the news business knowledge skillfully, but also pay attention to broaden their knowledge.

(C), strict technical barriers

In addition to editing, proofreaders should also perform their duties and strictly check to ensure foolproof. It is necessary to establish and improve and strictly implement management systems such as publishing, auditing, examination and approval systems, assessment and reward and punishment systems, clarify the responsibility system, and eliminate management loopholes. The director and editor-in-chief on duty should grasp the propaganda orientation when reviewing the details. In the process of proofreading, the proofreader should break the traditional proofreading form, make full use of what he has learned, read through the online news articles, make necessary modifications to the wrong and unreasonable places, and ask the editor, the duty officer or the chief editor what is wrong with the model.

Entering the 2 1 century, the competition of newspaper industry is becoming increasingly fierce. On the one hand, computer writing, manuscript selection, manuscript review and imposition are becoming more and more popular, and news and news appear in newspapers more and more quickly. It's nothing new that the news that happened in the morning meets readers in the evening paper or afternoon edition. On the other hand, with the development of paperless operation technologies such as online transmission and online imposition, the publishing speed of articles is accelerated, and it has become an indisputable fact that proofreading procedures are simplified and proofreading time is shortened. With the improvement of people's knowledge and cultural level, the requirements for publishing quality and news accuracy are getting higher and higher.

The amount of information to be screened by the news media every day is huge, and the corresponding censorship is difficult to cover all aspects, and it is inevitable that there will be a hundred secrets. Therefore, in a sense, mistakes in news works are inevitable. Any slight omission may become a hotbed of errors in newspaper reports.

Third, the guarantee and guidance of the system can fundamentally solve the problem.

The responsibility of editors is more important, and the system and management of newspapers are more important. Reducing mistakes and improving the quality of newspapers are fundamental and key. Only the guarantee and guidance of the system can fundamentally solve the problem.

1, set up the concept of fine newspaper and form top-down * * * knowledge.

Reducing mistakes is the basic premise of improving newspaper quality. Newspaper publishing is a work with strong division of labor and cooperation. Interview, editing, proofreading and printing should establish a sense of responsibility to prevent and eliminate errors. We should not only be responsible for guarding the land and doing our job well, but also have a global concept and complement each other.

Improve the editing system and carefully design the editing process to make it more standardized and scientific. In June this year, the Measures for the Administration of Errors in Enshi Daily was revised, which clarified the responsibility requirements and reward and punishment measures of journalists, editors, proofreaders, department directors and chief editors on duty, and paid close attention to their implementation, and determined the person responsible for daily error statistics and punishment.

2, the implementation of rewards and punishments, rewards and punishments.

We should seriously investigate the mistakes in the process of collecting, writing and editing, constantly sound the alarm, reduce the mistakes to a minimum, and ensure the gradual improvement of newspaper quality. Those responsible for making mistakes should be seriously investigated according to the system, and some important mistakes and common-sense mistakes should be punished more severely.

Set up the "Compilation and Acquisition Quality Award" to reward those who make fewer mistakes and have high compilation and acquisition quality, so as to guide everyone to attach importance to quality, reduce mistakes and improve quality. Advocating to be an "inspection-free" reporter is an important part of error correction. Start with reporters and reduce mistakes from the source. Set up a "fault-finding award for readers" to mobilize readers to participate and work together to reduce mistakes.

3. Strengthen the training of new knowledge.

With the rapid development of high-tech, the means of communication of news propaganda is becoming more and more modern and scientific, and the operational requirements for technology are getting higher and higher. Computer technology is used to edit and print newspapers. Today's journalists should not only be good at interviewing and editing in the traditional sense, but also have good knowledge of writing and news, and master computer technology. Enshi Daily conducted systematic business training for new editors and formed a system.

4. Pay attention to proofreading and make newspaper comments.

After the paperless office of newspapers, some people think that proofreading can be cancelled, and as a result, newspaper errors increase. In fact, the proofreading work has a new situation and higher requirements. In the past, you could "correct it" and proofread the manuscript. Now in most cases, there is no manuscript to proofread, so it is difficult to proofread. The newspaper should bring proofreading into the management of the editorial department and set up a proofreading group, so that each page has a proofreader and a gatekeeper who is always responsible for each page. Improve the treatment of proofreaders and give them professional titles. The proofreading of some newspapers has the problems of aging and low education level, which should be paid enough attention to. Through open recruitment, the proofreading team can be enriched and expanded.

Let new reporters proofread first, which will help improve the quality of newspapers and reduce mistakes. Journalists who have done proofreading should avoid mistakes and pay attention to scrutiny when writing.

Carry out newspaper reviews and organize business discussions. The editor-in-chief on duty comments on newspaper layout, news articles and other contents every month, and makes qualitative and quantitative analysis on newspaper errors. Enshi Daily set up an evaluation team to carry out internal evaluation, organize personnel to revise and comment on the daily newspaper, point out the mistakes, shortcomings and areas that need improvement of the newspaper, and post them in the newspaper reading column to remind editors and proofreaders to improve their professional ability at any time.