The origin of shenjiamen's name

Shenjiamen Port consists of the southeast end of Zhoushan Island and the sea area surrounded by Lujiazui, Ma Zhi and Xiaogan Island. The port area is east-west, narrow in the east and wide in the west, about 6. 15 nautical miles long and 0. 1-0.37 nautical miles wide. It is 0/4 nautical mile away from Dinghai Port/KLOC-and 45 nautical miles away from Ningbo Port in the west. It is 4.7 nautical miles from Putuo Mountain to the north, 25 nautical miles from Daishan Mountain, 7 1.7 nautical miles from Shanghai Luchao Port and 6.7 nautical miles from Shanghai Wusongkou1/kloc-0. Convenient transportation. There are dozens of docks on both sides of shenjiamen Fishing Port, which can berth thousands of fishing boats and merchant ships, especially during the peak fishing season. Today, it is a comprehensive port integrating fishery, commerce and scenery.

The origin of place names in shenjiamen dates back to the late Northern Song Dynasty. In the fifth year of Xuanhe (1 123), he went to the DPRK with Lu YUNDI from Dinghai (now Zhenhai) by "Shenzhou". About its mountains and rivers, customs, laws and regulations, reception documents, and traffic roads, the following year, another 40 volumes of the Map of Xuanhe's Mission to North Korea were written, among which the Sea Route Volume described the sea route from Dinghai (Zhenhai) to North Korea (the capital is the city).

"Shenzhou" passed Hutou Mountain ... Zhaobaoshan ... shenjiamen ... Meicen ... and described shenjiamen like this:

"On the 25th, Ding Chou carved, four mountains were foggy, and the west wind was blowing. Zhang Peng made twists and turns, followed the wind, and it was very late. The boat people called it refusing the wind. The fog has cleared away, leaving only the thin head falling, the white peaks, the narrow forehead door, the stone room rock, and then to shenjiamen, leaving the gate. The Mountain is similar to the Jiaomen, while the Four Mountains are surrounded by two gates, which are connected with each other and still belong to Guo Chang County. There are more than a dozen fishermen and firewood guests on it. Among them, it is famous. The moment of giving is dark, lightning, rain and hail are coming, but the movement stops. It is a night of sweeping the floor and offering sacrifices. ……"

At that time, there were many surnames in this area, especially Shen, hence the name "shenjiamen".

According to the records of Guo Chang County, Baoqing in the Southern Song Dynasty, there are "Zhoushan Ferry" (now at the foot of Dongyue Palace in Dinghai), "Ganlandu" (now Shi Lan Town in Gansu) and "Jintangdu" (Jintang Island) in the county. There was no record of shenjiamen crossing the river at that time.

Yuan Dade's Atlas of Changguozhou records that there are 22,640 households in Changguozhou according to the household registration statistics from Yuan Shizu to Yuan Dynasty (1283). 2 1606 private households (43 monks; Confucianism 58; A kitchen resident 702; 43 medical households; Craftsman 54; Military households171; Catching households 6). * * * The population is 126005. Shenjiamen has a large population and is called "Ao". According to local records, the township accounts for 9 capitals in Northeast China, and worships two plums with virtue; Yongdong Village (in the east) and Ruhou Village (in the south). Wengpu, Lu Hua, Luomen, shenjiamen, Xiaopu 'ao and other 83 administrative regions. The destinations of Zhijindu include Zhoushan Ferry, Ganlan Ferry, Jintang Ferry, shenjiamen Ferry, Cizi Ferry and Sizhou Tangdu. The first three crossings were set up in the Southern Song Dynasty, and shenjiamen Du He Cizidu and Sizhou Tang Dou were added. Among them, the establishment time of shenjiamen Ferry should be from Kublai Khan in Yuan Shizu to timur in Yuan Dynasty, and the lower limit is the first year of Dade (1297), that is, the year of publication of Changguozhou Tuzhi.

As Guandu in Yuan Dynasty, Zhoushan Ferry was navigable between Qingyuan (now Ningbo) and Changguozhou, and shenjiamen Ferry was navigable between Changguozhou (now Dinghai) and Putuo Mountain, Zhujiajian Island Island, Taohua Island and Liu Heng Island. Residents of shenjiamen Ao want to go to Qingyuan and Dinghai (now Zhenhai), first take a ferry from shenjiamen Ferry or cross a mountain path to the alley of Changguozhou, and then transfer to Zhoushan Ferry to Qingyuan and Dinghai.

In the second year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1369), Changguo Prefecture was reduced to a county. Ming Taizu controls the southeast sea area, and lacks soldiers to defend it, for fear of causing bandits' harm, so he ordered the establishment of garrison and patrol inspection department in Lixian County. In the 12th year (1379), a thousand households were set up in Guo Chang, and in the 17th year, four inspection departments, namely Changguowei, Cengang, Luo Feng, Baotuo and Daishan, were set up. In the 19th year of Hongwu (1386), Tanghe sailed out to sea, invited immigrants to abandon the county and beat Ming Taizu in front of Wang Guozhuo, which made him powerful and left 547 families with 8805 people in Zhoushan Island. The following year, Guo Chang County was revoked. Chang Guowei moved to Dongmen Island in Xiangshan. There are 2000 left-behind houses on Zhoushan Island. Since then, the name of Guo Chang has been changed to Zhoushan (the county seat is also called the city), which belongs to Changguowei (Xiangshan). In twenty-five years (1392), it was assigned to Dinghaiwei (now Zhenhai).

In the 20th year of Hongwu (1387), Zhoushan Pass was located in South Erli of Zhoushan Courtyard, including Luotou, Gangci, Dazhan, Xiao Sha, Lukouling (now Lu Hua in Goushan Street), Daishan Pass 6, shenjiamen Village, Xiqi Village and Ganlan Village 3, and Hou Feng 28. Among them, shenjiamen Village is under the jurisdiction of Zhoushan Zhongzuo. At that time, there were hundreds of families in the middle left, and there were 37 people in the town. There are 2240 flag soldiers.

The coastal islands (mountains) are connected by tides, which is the only way to defeat foreigners and tributes. Defend the land first, then the sea. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the coastal guards built ships such as the Qing Dynasty and the Fengjian Bajiang River, measured the size, gave soldiers firearms, and waved flag soldiers to drive them. According to the History of Coastal Defence in China, the Ming court made some adjustments to the coastal defence of Zhejiang, mainly stopping the garrison of ships in Shuizhai (guarding the city under the general company commander, ranking second only to guerrilla generals) and establishing the offshore patrol system of the water army. During the reign of Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty (1403- 1424), warships from all walks of life were assembled in Zhejiang, and Sanshui Village was set up in shenjiamen and other places to keep the enemy at sea.

Cao Shizhong, the assistant general of the Xian Dynasty, visited shenjiamen Shuizhai several times (the time has not been tested), and wrote the poems "Water Village Again" and "Water Village in shenjiamen" respectively (in the order of local chronicles):

Youlinshuizhai

Raise the flag, draw lots, hang whales in tears on the sails, and break the wind at dawn.

The mountain is very close to Changguo, and the tide is still with Shimen Bear.

Little snare drum on three sides only listens to orders, and people are going to fight wholeheartedly.

Fortunately, I met a distant guest and waited for a long time. I didn't disturb the son of heaven.

Lin shenjiamen Shuizhai

Only slightly older than the scholar, Shuizhai Chunshen sat for training.

The mountain is extremely high, looking at the color, the tide returns to the sea, and listening to silence.

Tunlibao armed forces, bucket ship cloud flag color light.

Think about * * * economy, dare to die and dare to live.

The establishment of Sanshui Village (the other two water villages were not specified) during Yongle period and shenjiamen period of Ming Dynasty played a great role in strengthening Zhejiang's maritime defense capability. After Hongxi and Xuande, it took two years of orthodoxy and twenty or thirty years to disperse the Shuizhai. Then why did you disperse the water village?

1436, Ming Yingzong Zhu Qizhen acceded to the throne. Not long ago, it was suggested that since the establishment of Shuizhai, "the Japanese pirates have repeatedly landed and plundered because of the lack of people in the city and the heavy ship in Shuizhai, so they had to sail with the wind, so it was difficult to drive and they could not help." "Should follow the example of Hongwu, each with guards, into the clippers. When they are guarding the alley (entrance), they will help each other, so that the pirates will be frightened and the people will have peace. " The court agreed, so three water villages were cancelled. Since then, the imperial court has given up marine defense and paid attention to offshore and coastal defense, and its coastal defense thought has become more conservative.

In the fourth year of orthodoxy (1439) and the seventh year of orthodoxy, the Japanese invasion succeeded, which aroused the attention of the Ming court to coastal defense, so a series of measures were taken to rectify the coastal defense of the Ming dynasty. In February of the seventh year of orthodoxy (1442), Luo Xian, a hundred coastal defense guards, proposed that all coastal defense guards should set sail 100 officers and men to form a fleet to patrol the sea to guard against the enemy. However, Zhong Zhao, the governor of Zhejiang Province, and Chen Xian, the commander of the governor's office, worried that the water army would "use this as an excuse to leave the country for profit and lure the Japanese aggressors into the country for harassment" and did not come. In August of the following year, Li Xin, who was appointed as the governor to prepare for defending the enemy, proposed: "In Yongle, Sanshui Village was originally set up in shenjiamen and other places, and the soldiers gathered together to prepare for defending the enemy. The sea has always been calm. In the second year of Zheng Tong (1437), the water towns were scattered and each held its own position. Since then, pirates have benefited a lot. " In addition, guards such as Haining and Linshan have no ports to dock. When they feel anxious, they refuse the enemy's good fortune and beg for the old days. It is required to restore the maritime defense law during Yongle period, and then reset shenjiamen and other water towns. At that time, Jiao Hong, assistant minister of Zhejiang Order Department, disagreed. Earlier, in February of the seventh year of Orthodox Church (1442), Zhong Zhao, the governor of Zhejiang Province, and Chen Sian, the former governor of Li Xin, proposed: "Although Guan Hai, Dinghai (Zhenhai), Linshan and Ninghai (Haining) are all offshore, sandstorms have increased, making it difficult for the enemy to land. Shenjiamen and Huangxi, which belong to Dinghai (now Zhenhai), are the key points, begging for the four guards and their loyalist ships. Every March, they all dock at Liegang (Li) and travel to and from shenjiamen. Huangxigang and local sea patrol posts. " In the first month of each year, the officers and men stationed by other guards go out to sea, and report to the guards in mid-July to stand guard, so that they can relax and defend correctly. "The court adopted this suggestion, so Zhejiang established a system in which all the escorts patrol the coastal waters, and the four major escorts of Guan Hai, Dinghai, Linshan and Ninghai rushed to the sea passage with some troops. Zhejiang's defense system is a combination of the defense of the two major defense zones in the north and the south under the leadership of Governor Bei Bo and the maritime patrol of the scattered guard forces. In addition to concentrating some troops, maritime defense is basically carried out by guards from all walks of life, and its strength is weak, far less than the water village set up in Fujian.

The establishment time of shenjiamen Shuizhai is also called Hongwu period. Governor Hu Zongxian's "Imperial Ocean" said: shenjiamen lives in the east of Dinghai (Zhenhai), which is different from Ningshao. Chen Qian, Maji, Daqu and Yangshan were vassals outside shenjiamen. Shenjiamen Water Village was established by Xin Guogong. The four mountains are too far away to support. It is very easy to cooperate with shenjiamen and Dinghai to provide less insurance (see Volume 12 of Beitu). Hu Zongxian also wrote in Zhoushan: My great-grandfather saw the light of the gods, placed Changguo on it, stationed troops to guard it, and was sincere and cautious. The country of faith is left alone, moved inside, changed to Xiangshan, only established two, and its strength is weak. Although there are water villages in shenjiamen, Zhoushan has a vast territory, surrounded by the sea, and thieves have nowhere to stop. Let's go for a ride in the fog, and the false trend will come. Zhoushan is the sea, and there are not many sentry boats. How can we prevent it? Fools think that Dinghai (now Zhenhai) is the gateway to Ningshao, and Zhoushan is also an overseas vassal state, so it must be restored by repairing its old system (see Book I of Records of Zhoushan, to be published tomorrow).

The history of shenjiamen is the only way to pay tribute to the enemy. Ming Daizong Jingtai four years in April (1453), 10 The second phase of the Japanese exploration and trade ship arrived at Putuo Mountain for the third time via Shuangyu Port. After berthing at Lianhuayang, the Ming government sent more than 100 floats to welcome guests and gave them fresh water, wine, food and other things. When the ship sailed into shenjiamen, officials of Ningbo government took more than 50 ships to blow it. In the summer of Jiajing Mao Yi (1555), hundreds of Japanese ships invaded Putuo, entered it, and went to Dongpu to make a scene. Moreover, conscription in seven provinces cost more than 400 thousand, but it was put out. In April, the thirty-sixth year of Jiajing (1557), the thief boat drifted to shenjiamen, and General Yu, the deputy governor and company commander, lured 53 people and intercepted them.

Ming Mu Zong lived in Qin Long for three years (1569). In Zhoushan, 526 able-bodied men were selected from the middle, middle and left sides to build Zhoushan camp, and a general was in charge. In March, June and September, five sentries practice weapons and meet at four o'clock. Among them, Zhoushan Shao: During the flood season, generals and sentry officers led the troops to berth in shenjiamen, and listened to the general's command, depending on the situation. Zhang Ming lost his car (1504-? "Haiphong": ... Today's coastal defense whistle is the first mountain in the far sea, the division of shenjiamen and Ma Tomb (Eye) is the second mountain, and the general commander sends troops to the third mountain. Japanese ships are not sailing; Firearms are raging, don't fight the Japanese. "Break the trap of snakes and avoid the fear of earthquakes in mainland China. "When it comes to the importance of coastal defense, coastal defense is impregnable and inland is impregnable, from which we can also see the importance of shenjiamen Navy. According to "Yang Zhe's Defense Theory", "shenjiamen can avoid hurricanes on all sides; Shi Niu Harbor and Ushma can avoid hurricanes on both sides ... "

In order to strengthen Zhoushan's defense, in the second year of the apocalypse (1622), Ming Xi transferred guerrilla general He Rubin from Jining, Shandong Province to Zhoushan as a general, and was promoted to deputy general Ning Shao the following year. He is proficient in military affairs, and his military work "Bing Lu" has been handed down from generation to generation. He compiled the Records of Zhoushan in the sixth year of the Apocalypse, which is the only official record of Zhoushan in the Ming Dynasty. Zhoushan has 15 ports: Zhoushan Port, cengang Port, Liegang Port, Shuangyu Port, Mamu Port, Changzhi Port, Changtu Port, Chuanbi Port, Shenjiamen Port, Baisha Port, Aoshan Port, Qinglong Port, Hong Kong and Yi Port. Among them, Shenjiamen Port: "The general whistle ship is stationed here." He also took shenjiamen Zhai with him: "It used to be a place for fighting on the water, which was defended by the army and sold to colleagues near the back (all recovered). All the boats come and go here. There are Zhao Ao, Nan Ao, Lu Hua Ao and Da Ao, and they go to the village for three or five miles to build walls for residents and block Jiangjun Road. " If you enter by water or smell the road, you should be careful when you are tired of being robbed, so that you can save yourself. Mount shenjiamen: "Soldiers are stationed here. "Zhoushan main sentry post is equipped with 1 Chinese army commanders, 1 flag tag and sentry post, 2 lucky boats, 1 winter boat, 2 Ukrainian boats, 3 sand boats, 7 civilian tiger boats, 2 military tiger boats, 6 rowboats, 425 civilian rudder hunters and 90 parallel military rudder hunters. The seagoing ship used by Zhoushan Navy is headed by Cao Wu Ship, which ranks first with Dafu Ship. " Wave-resistant and fire-proof, can accommodate 100 people, with wide bottom tip and high bow, with three floors, two sails and two masts. "

In Ming Dynasty, there was a water transportation route from Hangzhou to Putuo Mountain: starting from Hangzhou, going to Ningbo House, entering the West Gate, leaving the East Gate, going to Taohuawu, taking a fragrant boat to Putuo Mountain, walking 70 miles to Dinghai (now Zhenhai), and getting out of muddy (horizontal) water, with a fast tailwind and a difficult period of 65433. During the apocalypse, most of the ferries in Zhoushan were abandoned. According to the Records of Zhoushan, there are only 1 165438 flag soldiers in Zhoushan Zhongzuo School, and shenjiamen Ferry, Jintangdu, Cizidu, Sizhou Tangdu and Songzidu (Daxie) have all been abandoned. Zhoushan ferry and pole ferry are still navigable.

To sum up, in short:

Shenjiamen 884 years ago, in the fifth year of Xuanhe in the Northern Song Dynasty (1 123), Xu Jing went to Korea and set off from Dinghai (now Zhenhai) by the Shenzhou, passing through shenjiamen. The following year, it was written as A Map of North Korea. Its hydrological volume records: "... the mountain is similar to Jiaomen, while the four mountains are surrounded by two gates, which are evenly matched and still belong to Guochang County. There are more than a dozen fishermen and firewood guests on it. Among them, it is famous. ..... "This is the earliest place name record in shenjiamen.

Shenjiamen Ferry was built in the first year of Dade in Yuan Dynasty (1297), with a history of 7 10 years. In the second year of Yuan Chengzong Dade (1298), Feng, the judge of Changguozhou, and Gong Shi, the Yi people's hometown, compiled the Map of Changguozhou, which is one of the famous "Six Records of Song and Yuan Dynasties". In the 20th year of Yuan Dynasty (1283), there were 44,000 households in Guochang House, with a population of126,000, which was located in shenjiamen, the southeast tip of Zhoushan Island. It was also called shenjiamen Depression because of its large population, and it was one of the 83rd depressions among the nine houses in Du Fu Township. And formally established the shenjiamen Ferry, with ferries, certain routes and certain flights. In fact, it is the embryonic form of shenjiamen civil port.

Shenjiamen Village (Shuizhai) was founded in the 20th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1387), and it has been 620 years since Guo Chang County was abandoned. This used to be a water area, which was defended by the army. "History of Coastal Defence in China" records: ... We should follow the example of Hongwu, each with its own defense, and change the seagoing ship into a clipper. When it is guarded in the harbor, it will help each other.

Shenjiamen Shuizhai's History of Coastal Defence in China records that there were three Shuizhai in Zhejiang during Yongle period. "In Zhejiang, we concentrated on garrison ships and set up Sanshui Village in shenjiamen (now shenjiamen Town, Putuo District, Zhoushan) to keep the pirates at sea." As for the role of Sanshui Village, in August of the eighth year of orthodoxy (1443), Li Xin, then the governor, commented as follows: "In Yongle, Sanshui Village was originally located in shenjiamen and other places, and soldiers gathered together to prepare for the enemy. The sea channel has always been peaceful. " This shows the role played by Sanshui Village such as shenjiamen in the overall defense of Zhejiang. The reason why water villages are scattered is to strengthen coastal defense. However, the land market was short of people, and the enemy landed and plundered. Shuicun's boat is too heavy and can only sail with the wind, so it is difficult for them to sail and can't help. In the second year of orthodox education (1437), Sanshui village such as shenjiamen was scattered.

Shenjiamen Port will start Zhoushan Daily tomorrow. Shenjiamen Port: The chief sentry ship is stationed here.

Throughout the development history of ancient Shenjiamen Port. It can be divided into the embryonic form of civil port in Yuan Dynasty and military port in Ming Dynasty. Shenjiamen Ferry in Yuan Dynasty, but for the change of dynasties, the civilian port in shenjiamen would certainly develop in the normal direction, but the Yuan Dynasty ruled China for only a hundred years.

Due to the Japanese invasion and civil strife, the Ming court moved people to abandon the county and stationed troops, so Shenjiamen Port developed into a military port. Hongwu twenty years, the establishment of shenjiamen village. In the seventh year of Yongle (1409), Ming Taizu Judy established Sanshui Village, such as shenjiamen, and Ming Yingzong Zhengtong in the second year (1437), which lasted for 28 years. These 28 years are the heyday in the history of shenjiamen military port. By the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was officially designated as Shenjiamen Port and remained a military port.

From the first year of Dade in Yuan Dynasty (1297) to Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1644), in the early ancient history of Shenjiamen Port, it experienced a long 347-year development path of shenjiamen capital-shenjiamen Shuizhai-Shenjiamen Port.

Shenjiamen Port is an integral part of Zhoushan Port today, and the ancient history of Shenjiamen Port is also an integral part of Zhoushan Port. Since there was a "shenjiamen Ferry" in the Yuan Dynasty, exploring the history of Shenjiamen Port should start from the Yuan Dynasty.