Variety classification of mandarin oranges

brief introduction

Hashimoto Satsuma is selected from the Satsuma Orchard of Masao Hashimoto in Ai Prefecture, Japan, and is a bud mutation of Matsuyama Satsuma. 1985 was introduced into China, and it was widely popularized. It was registered in 1978 and introduced to China in the early 1980s. At present, it is cultivated in Sichuan, Zhejiang and Hunan. Its main characteristics are: weak trees, short and compact plants, short branches and dense nodes; The fruit is oblate, with a single fruit weight of 90 ~ 1 10g and a slightly rough peel. Early coloring, seedless, rapid decline in acidity and moderate sugar content; The fruit ripens in the middle and late September.

trait

Hashimoto mandarin is early-maturing, high-yield and high-quality, which can be properly developed and utilized.

Hashimoto Satsuma is oblate, rich in flavor, high in quality and early in acidity. The tree is weak, the fruit is medium-sized, the weight of a single fruit is 90 ~ 100g, the peel is slightly thick, the sugar content is medium, the color is early, and the acidity drops rapidly. It is harvested in the first half of September and the flavor becomes weak at the end of September. In the middle subtropical region, it can be harvested and marketed in late August.

Adaptability in Wuxian county, Jiangsu province, it has the characteristics of extremely early maturity, high quality and high yield of first fruit, and is a suitable variety for cultivation in the northern edge of citrus. From September 25th to June 10, the fruit will reach the best flavor, and the skin will not peel after delayed harvest. The growth potential in Shanghai area is weak, and the amount of bamboo shoots is small. After the production, the tree potential drops and the growth is slow. The average yield per plant of young trees put into production for three years is 2.98 kg.

In Jiangxi, the color of double gold is early, the pulp matures early, and the acidity decreases quickly. The output is half lower than that of Shanchuan, Dapu and Miyamoto. The average yield per plant of 3-6-year-old trees is 5.8 kg, and the single fruit weight is1.27 g. In Ningbo, Zhejiang, the fruit is colored early and the acid is reduced quickly. From early September to late September, there was floating skin.

High exchange performance in Dazhu County, Sichuan Province, connected with 7-year-old Wei Zhang. The tree is weak, low and compact, with short branches and dense nodes. In the fourth year, the average yield per plant was 9.5 kg.

In Shanghai, grafted trees can safely overwinter at the low temperature of -3.9℃, and only straw is used to prevent freezing. Grafted on summer orange, the fruit was completely colored on September 26, and the soluble solid content reached 9.2%. Reach the mature harvesting standard.

Jiangxi Shuangjin, grafted on 7-year-old Miyagawa, has strong growth potential. In the third year, the plant produced 20 kilograms, and the fruit matured in late September, with average quality.

In Quzhou, Zhejiang Province, common mandarin oranges have strong grafting affinity, weak growth potential and many flowers. The high grafting yield is 8.7 ~ 13.9 kg in the second year and 2 1 ~ 26 kg in the fifth to seventh year.

Key points of cultivation

① Hashimoto's growth potential is weak, so the management of fertilizer and water should be strengthened. Fertilization in early June will promote fruit expansion, and delaying fertilization will affect fruit coloring.

② Close planting should be planned.

2. Desen Satsuma Mandarin

Desen Satsuma Mandarin is selected from the Satsuma Mandarin Garden of Desen Shinfu, Aiwa Prefecture, Japan. It is a bud mutation of Miyagawa, with the registration number 1980. It was introduced into China in the early 1980s, but it could not be widely spread because of Satsuma Citrus Atrophy. Its main characteristics are as follows: (1) the tree vigor of extra-early-maturing mandarin oranges is slightly stronger; The fruit is oblate and smooth, with a single fruit weight of 80 ~ 100g. Good quality, high sugar content, no seeds and no floating skin.

3. Mountain oranges

Shanchuan satsuma is a branch change selected by Japan from Miyagawa, an early-maturing satsuma. It was introduced to China in the early 1980s and has been planted in Zhejiang, Sichuan, Jiangxi and other provinces. Its main characteristics are: weak tree, short tree body, short branches and dense internodes. The fruit is flat, with a single fruit weight of110 ~115g, and the surface is slightly thick and orange. The capsule wall is thin and soft, seedless, juicy and dreg-rich, sweet and sour, with early color and quick acid reduction. It ripens in late September, and the fruit harvested late appears floating skin. High yield. Shanhe mandarin orange can be planted as a supporting variety of extra-early-maturing mandarin orange.

4.satsuma mandarin

The branch changes of Wenzhou mandarin orange strain 197 1 were selected from Miyagawa mandarin orange in Wakayama prefecture, Japan. Introduced to China in the early 1980s, it has been planted in Sichuan, Zhejiang, Guangxi and other provinces (regions). Its main characteristics are: the tree is weak and the branches are short; The fruit is flat, weighing more than 100g, with rough surface and orange yellow. Soft meat, seedless, juicy, thin capsule wall, early coloring, fast acid reduction, acid content 1g/ 100ml, soluble solids 9% ~10%; The fruit ripens in late September. Shi Wen mandarin oranges have high yield and good quality, which can be planted as a supporting variety of extra-early-maturing mandarin oranges.

5.Mize satsuma mandarin

Mize originated in Shizuoka, Japan, and is a branch change of tail tension. 1966 was introduced to China and cultivated nationwide. Its main characteristics are: the tree is medium in potential, open, dense and sparse, and the crown is round; The fruit is oblate, with a single fruit weight of 130 ~ 140 g, orange-yellow. Edible rate is 80%, juice yield is 60%, soluble solids 10% ~ 12%, sugar content is 7 ~ 8g/ 100ml, acid content is 0.6 ~ 0.7g/ 100ml, and seedless; Fruit165438+1ripens in early October. Mize mandarin oranges can be planted moderately.

6. Satsuma mandarin in Wakayama

Satsuma Satsuma in Wakayama is an extremely precocious Satsuma Satsuma selected from Miyagawa Satsuma in Binyu Town, Saga Prefecture. From the late 1970s to the early 1980s, it was introduced into China from Japan. At present, it is widely cultivated in Sichuan, Zhejiang, Hunan, Hubei, Guangxi and Fujian provinces (regions). Its main characteristics are: weak trees and dense leaves; The fruit is tall, oblate, and its pedicel often protrudes in a short neck shape. The weight of a single fruit is about 90 grams, the fruit surface is smooth and the skin thickness is medium. High quality, seedless, early acid reduction, moderate sugar content, soluble solids 9% ~10%; Fruits are colored in early September and can be listed in mid-September.

7. Early Golden Satsuma Mandarin

Early golden satsuma was bred by Citrus Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences from Xingjin satsuma. After many trial planting observations, it has the characteristics of early coloring, rapid deacidification, short growth period, early maturity and excellent quality. The fruit is oblate, and its maturity is 7 ~ 10 days earlier than that of Xingjin. According to the determination on September 28th, the soluble solid content 10%, acid content1.1g/100 ml, and the pulp juice is seedless. Other characters are interested in gold. This is a very early-maturing mandarin orange, which is being popularized at present.

8. Songshan Satsuma Mandarin

Songshan Satsuma mandarin strain 1937 is a variety of Japanese Satsuma mandarin, which was named and popularized in 1953. Its main characteristics are: the fruit is oblate, the average single fruit weight is more than 140 g, the color is orange, and the peel is smooth and thin; The edible rate of fruit is above 80%, the juice yield is above 60%, the soluble solids are about 10%, the sugar content is 7 g/100 ml, the acid content is 0.6-0.7 g/100 ml, and the meat quality is moderate. Fruit 65438 10 ripens in the middle of October. Songshan mandarin tree has medium potential and strong adaptability, so it can be planted properly.

9. Xinjin Wenzhou mandarin orange

Xinjin mandarin orange is bred from the hybrid offspring of Miyagawa mandarin orange as female parent and Fructus Aurantii as male parent in Xinjin Garden, Japan. 1963 was popularized, and 1966 was introduced into China. At present, it is widely cultivated in citrus producing areas in China. Its main characteristics are as follows: the early-maturing mandarin orange tree is the most vigorous, with vigorous growth and even distribution of branches; The fruit is tall, oblate, weighing about130g, orange-yellow, and smooth. The fruit quality is excellent, the meat is tender and dregs, sweet and sour, seedless, the edible rate is 75% ~ 80%, the juice yield is 54%, and the soluble solids 1 1% ~ 13.3%. High and stable yield, fruit 10 ripens in the first half of the year. The quality of Xingjin mandarin orange is better than Miyagawa's, with high yield, but the fruit is a little later than Miyagawa's, so it is an early-maturing mandarin orange popularized at present.

Tangerine Tai Po 10

Taepo is a very early-maturing satsuma, which was bred from the branch change of early-maturing satsuma Yamazaki in Tailiang Town, Saga Prefecture, Japan, with the registration number of 1980. After being introduced into China, the trial planting performed well. Its main characteristics are as follows: (1) The tree vigor of extra-early-maturing mandarin oranges is strong; The fruit is oblate and large, with a single fruit weight of about 150g and a thin, smooth and orange peel. The pulp is tender, seedless and of good quality. The fruit harvested in mid-September has an edible rate of 85%, soluble solids of 8% ~ 9%, sugar content of 7 g/100 ml and acid content of 0.9 ~ 1.0 g/100 ml. Very early maturity, coloring began at the end of August and early September, and matured in the middle and early September.

1 1, Miyamoto mandarin orange

Miyamoto Satsuma is selected from the citrus orchard of Miyamoto Yoshiji in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan, and is a bud change of Miyagawa Satsuma. It was registered in 198 1 year, introduced to China in the early 1980s, and planted in Zhejiang, Sichuan and Hunan. At present, the disease-free seedlings of satsuma citrus atrophy disease have been obtained, which can be popularized. Its main characteristics are: the tree is weak and the leaves are small and dense; The fruit is oblate, the weight of a single fruit is about100g, and the size is even; Good quality, soft meat residue, sugar content 7 g/ 100ml, acid content1g/100 ml; Early fruiting and high yield; It began to be colored in early September and should be listed in the middle and late September. It is a very early-maturing satsuma mandarin, which is a kind of very early-maturing wide-skinned citrus in China.

Miyagawa 12

Miyagawa mandarin is native to Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, and it is the bud change of the future mandarin. 1925 was named and popularized, and it was introduced to China many times, and 1966 was introduced twice, showing high quality and high yield. Large-scale promotion began in the 1970s, and now it is planted in citrus producing areas all over the country. Its main characteristics are: the tree is medium or weak, the crown is short and compact, and the branches are short and dense, showing a cluster; The fruit is tall, oblate, broad at the top, slightly narrow at the pedicle, smooth in surface, orange-red in color, thin in skin, and single fruit weight125 ~140g. Excellent quality, tender slag, seedless, soluble solids about 1 1%, sugar content 9.5 ~ 10g/ 100ml, acid content 0.6 ~ 0.7g/100ml; The fruit ripens in early and middle June by 65438+ 10 month. Miyagawa Satsuma Mandarin is one of the early-maturing Satsuma Mandarin oranges mainly planted and developed in China.

Tangerine Zhang Wei 13

Zhangwei Satsuma Citrus was cultivated in China in 1970s and 1980s. Its main characteristics are: the tree body is thick, the crown is irregular, the big branches are thick and sparse, and the branchlets are slender; The fruit is oblate, weighing 80 ~ 100g, seedless, orange-yellow, smooth and medium-thick. The capsule wall of the fruit is thick and tough, and does not drop slag. Soluble solids 10% ~ 12%, sugar content 7 ~ 9g/ 100ml, acid content 0.8 ~ 1.0g/ 100ml. Due to the tough wall of the capsule, fresh food is slightly inferior. The fruit ripened from 1 1 to 65438+February. Taila tangerine has strong adaptability and high yield, and the yield of 7-8 year-old trees is 50 kg. Excellent strains suitable for processing, such as Chengfeng 72- 1, Zhejiang Ninghong 73-9, Hunan Lianyuan 73-696 and Zhejiang Zhenhu 73- 1, are all good raw materials for processing canned orange petals in syrup. In view of the fact that Zhangwei Wenzhou mandarin orange is a medium-mature variety cultivated in China, besides developing excellent strains, it should be adjusted, compressed and controlled.

14, Qingdao Wenzhou mandarin orange

Qingdao Wenzhou mandarin orange strain 1952 was bred by Shizuoka, Japan, named and popularized by 1965, and 1977 was introduced to China. At present, it has been planted in Sichuan, Zhejiang, Hunan and Jiangsu. Its main characteristics are: vigorous tree, upright branches and dark leaves; The fruit is oblate, orange-yellow, with smooth surface, and the single fruit weight is110 ~130g; The fruit is good in quality, seedless, moderately high in sugar and acid, with soluble solids of 12% ~ 13%, sugar content of 9.5 ~ 10.5g/ 100ml and acid content of 0.5 ~ 0.6g/1. Fruit 65438+ripens in the first half of February and is storable. Qingdao mandarin orange has high and stable yield and excellent quality, which is a good variety to popularize late-maturing mandarin orange. The young trees grow vigorously, and the fruit appears late and early, and then gradually becomes normal.

Citrus Li Jian 15

Li Zhian Satsuma is a branch of Zhang Wei Satsuma, which originated in Japan. /kloc-0 was bred in 1930, popularized in 1958 and introduced to China in 1966. At present, it is widely cultivated in Hunan, Sichuan, Zhejiang and Jiangxi. Its main characteristics are: the tree has medium potential, upright branches and often clustered branchlets; The fruit is oblate, regular, blunt at the top, and the fruit stalk is narrow or flat. Single fruit weight 120 ~ 130g, and the fruit is orange-red, shiny and smooth. Juice cells are soft and seedless, with soluble solids 1 1% ~ 12%, sugar content of 9.5 ~ 10g/ 100ml and acid content of 0.5 ~ 0.6g/100ml. The fruit ripens in early and middle June by 65438+ 10 month. After being cultivated in Japan, Satsuma mandarin appears atavism, but it has performed well in all parts of China, so it can be planted properly.

Mandarin Nanguan No.20 16

Nanguan 20 Satsuma Mandarin is a budding variety of Satsuma Mandarin, which originated in Japan. Introduced to China on 1966. Its main characteristics are: the tree is medium in potential, open, with thin and short branches; The fruit is oblate, weighing 95g and orange. The capsule wall is thinner than the tail, thicker than the early-maturing mandarin orange, and has more slagging. Soluble solid content 1 1% ~ 13%, sugar content 8.5 ~10.1g/100 ml, acid content 0.6g/65438. Fruit165438+1ripens in early October. Nanguan 20 mandarin orange can be popularized and developed.

17, Nanguan No.4 Wenzhou Mandarin

Nanguan No.4 Satsuma Mandarin is native to Aiai County, Japan, and is selected from Ikeda Satsuma Mandarin. 1966 was introduced to China and distributed in various citrus producing areas. Its main characteristics are: the tree is strong, open and dense; The fruit is oblate, with a single fruit weight of 100 ~ 1 10g, and the fruit is orange-red and smooth. Soft pulp, thick capsule wall, not too slag. Soluble solids are about 12%, sugar content is 9.7 g/100 ml, acid content is 0.8 ~ 0.9 g/100 ml; Fruit 1 1 ripens in the middle and late stages. Nanguan No.4 mandarin orange has large fruit, which can be eaten fresh, processed and developed moderately.

18 mandarin oranges and 1 10,000 meters.

Wanmi 1 Satsuma Citrus was bred by crossing the offspring of Citrus Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences with thin-skinned sweet orange (S8). Its main characteristics: strong trees and strong branches. The fruit is oblate, weighing more than129g, and its color is orange-red. The tender meat residue is moderate in sour and sweet, seedless, with soluble solids 1 1.8%, acid content 1.05g/ 100ml, and high quality. Strong adaptability, high and stable yield, the output of 3-year, 5-year, 73-year and 9-year is 1 1.9 kg. In the middle and late June of the following year (65438+1October), the fruit is ripe and can be stored. Wanmi 1 is one of the popular late-maturing satsuma oranges.

Mandarin orange is a kind of wide-skinned citrus, which is mainly produced in Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, also known as seedless orange. According to historical records, Wenzhou has cultivated citrus for more than 2400 years. Citrus in Wenzhou was listed as a tribute in the Tang Dynasty. In the fifth year of Xiaozong Xichun in the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1 178), Han Yanzhi, the magistrate of Jiatai, wrote "Orange Record", which systematically described the experiences of Wenzhou citrus varieties, cultivation techniques, pest control, storage and processing. In the Ming Dynasty, the Japanese monk returned home from Tiantai National Temple and introduced Wenzhou citrus to Japan through the Jiangxin Temple in Wenzhou. Later, it was improved into a thin seedless, sweet-smelling Wenzhou mandarin orange. In the mid-1960s, China introduced early-maturing satsumas such as Miyagawa and Xingjin from Japan, and introduced early-maturing satsumas such as Wakayama and Miyamoto from Japan in the 1980s.

(A) morphological characteristics

Citrus is a small evergreen tree, 2 ~ 4m high, with large branches, slightly drooping, thick and long branchlets and no thorns. The leaves are ovoid or ovoid, with tapering ends, long petioles, small winged leaves, sparse and prominent veins and dark green leaves. The flower is large, solitary, white and has 5 petals. About 20 filaments, 0.8 ~ 0.9 cm long, higher than the filament tube. Stigma flat, ovary elliptic or inverted conical; The honey disk is small, the sepals are shallow, and the flower stalk is slender, about 1cm long. The fruit shape is oblate, conical oblate or spherical, the fruit surface is orange-yellow, the sponge layer is white, and it is partially cracked. The pulp flap is about 10, which is semi-circular, with thick capsule wall and short, thick and soft juice cells. It has strong adaptability and can be planted in the south, middle and north subtropics, mountains, hills and beaches. It has early fruit, high yield and medium quality, and can be eaten fresh or processed into canned orange petals in syrup without capsules. Maturity: September ~ 65438+February.

(2) Economic characteristics

1. Fruit characteristics The fruit is medium-large, with oblate, conical oblate or spherical shape; The transverse diameter of fruit is 4.5 ~ 7.0 cm. The fruit surface is orange-yellow, the oil cells are thick and prominent, the peel is 0.25 ~ 0.3 cm thick, the sponge layer is white and partially cracked. The pulp flap is about 10 flap, which is semi-circular, with thick capsule wall, short, thick and soft juice cells and sweet taste. Rich in nutrition and good in color, smell and taste. Every100g of edible part contains 0.8g of protein, 0.3g of fat, 9.3g of sugar, 0.3g of fiber, 0.4mg of calcium/kloc-0.2mg of phosphorus/kloc-0.2mg of iron, and 0.20mg of vitamin b/kloc-0.20 international unit.

2. Fruiting characteristics: early fruiting, high and stable yield of mandarin oranges. Grafted seedlings begin to bear fruit in 2 ~ 3 years after planting, and enter the rich period in 5 ~ 6 years. Under conventional management conditions, the average yield per 667 square meters is 2500~3000kg, the high-yield orchard can reach 5000kg, and the high and stable yield period can reach 12 ~ 15 years.

3. Stress-resistant mandarin oranges have strong stress resistance, wide adaptability and easy cultivation. Can grow normally in mountains, plains, paddy fields and beaches; Strong cold tolerance, the extreme minimum temperature that can be tolerated is -9℃ (short-lived).

(3) Biological characteristics

1. Growth and fruiting habits

(1) Mandarin oranges have shallow roots and are generally distributed in soil layers within 40cm. When the soil temperature is 12 ~ 13℃, the root system begins to grow. The optimum temperature is 25 ~ 26℃, and the growth stops above 37℃. When the soil humidity is 60% ~ 80%, the pH value is 5.5 ~ 6.5, and the oxygen content of soil air is above 8%, the root system grows well.

(2) Bud (flower bud differentiation) The bud of mandarin orange is premature. The terminal bud withered by itself (also called "self-shearing"), that is, when the new shoot grew to a certain period, the terminal bud stopped growing, and the node near the top 1 ~ 4 turned yellow, which led to delamination and the terminal bud fell off by itself, thus weakening the advantage of the top, resulting in the growth of branches that were not straight-line elongation, but bent during elongation. The period of flower bud differentiation is related to climate and plant nutrition conditions. High temperature in autumn and low temperature and drought in winter can promote flower bud differentiation.

(3) The optimum temperature for the shoot growth of citrus is 25 ~ 28℃. Shoot three or four times a year, and the spring buds sprout neatly and in large numbers. It is the main branch tip that forms the bearing mother branch; Summer shoots are too long and consume a lot of nutrients, so the trees should sprout or core in time; Autumn shoots grow moderately and are mostly triangular, and early autumn shoots are excellent fruiting mother branches. In cultivation, the methods of wiping summer buds and releasing autumn shoots are often used to cultivate strong early autumn shoots.

(4) The fruit setting rate of mandarin oranges is generally 3% ~ 5%, and the flower and fruit drop are serious. The first physiological fruit drop is generally in mid-May, and the second is in mid-June. The length of fruit development time is related to strain, tree age, tree potential, cultivation environment and conditions. Generally, it takes 65,438+030 ~ 65,438+040 days for super-early-maturing varieties, 65,438+050 ~ 65,438+065 days for early-maturing varieties and 65,438+080 ~ 65,438+090 days for medium-maturing varieties.

2. The phenology of different strains of mandarin oranges is very different. Generally, it begins to germinate in southwest Zhejiang in early March, and buds appear in mid-March. The growth period of spring shoots is from mid-March to mid-April, summer shoots are from mid-June, and autumn shoots are from mid-September to mid-June. Flowering begins in mid-April, blooms in early May, and withers in mid-May. The first physiological fruit drop period is in late May, and the second physiological fruit drop period is in mid-June. The fruit expansion period is from mid-August to mid-September, and the fruit matures from late September to late 10.

3. Requirements for environmental conditions

(1) Climatic mandarin oranges are suitable for growing in areas where the annual average temperature is above 15℃ and the annual effective accumulated temperature (≥ 10℃) is above 5000℃. Strong cold tolerance, the extreme minimum temperature that can be tolerated is -9℃ (short life). For example, when the temperature of 1999 drops to -7.5℃, it only shows 0 ~ I freezing injury, which has little effect on yield. The requirements for water and light are similar to those of other oranges.

(2) Topographical and geomorphological requirements of mandarin oranges are not strict. Plains, beaches, hills, low mountains, and mountains with a slope of less than 25 degrees below 500 meters above sea level can be planted. When planting in mountainous areas, we should take advantage of the phenomenon of "inversion layer" caused by radiation and heat dissipation in winter to avoid planting in the basin bottom trough where cold air is easy to accumulate to prevent freezing injury. In areas close to large water bodies, microclimate favorable to the growth and development of mandarin oranges is often formed, which is especially suitable for development.

(3) Soil mandarin oranges have strong adaptability to soil, and can be cultivated in mountainous areas, flat land and beaches. It has a wide range of adaptability to soil pH, ranging from pH6~6.5 to 7.0, but pH 6-6.5 is the most suitable. Different rootstocks have different adaptability to soil, and the rootstock of Fructus Aurantii has the widest adaptability. The garden in front of the house and behind the house is cultivated sporadically, with sufficient fertilizer and water and good growth effect. Flat land should be cultivated in soil with deep soil layer, good drainage and rich organic matter. In mountainous and hilly areas, soil with deep soil layer, strong water and fertilizer conservation ability and rich organic matter should be selected for cultivation. Because of the heavy sand, we should pay attention to water and fertilizer conservation, increase the application of organic fertilizer, and preferably add fertile exotic soil rich in organic matter.

1, girdling to prevent fruit cracking: The method is to girdle branches 1/2 times in time (without damaging xylem), which can obviously reduce the fruit cracking rate.

2. A small amount of repeated irrigation to prevent fruit cracking during drought: Experiments show that a small amount of repeated irrigation and crown spraying, foliar spraying and soil irrigation alternately can significantly reduce the fruit cracking rate. The method is as follows: firstly, wet spray the leaves and fruits for three times every 20 minutes 1 time, then irrigate the roots with 5 liters of water each time, then spray them on the crown, and spray them alternately until each plant uses 75 liters of water.

It belongs to wide-skinned citrus, mainly produced in Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, also known as seedless orange. According to historical records, Wenzhou has cultivated citrus for more than 2400 years. Citrus in Wenzhou was listed as a tribute in the Tang Dynasty. In the fifth year of filial piety in Xichun in the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1 178), Han Yanzhi, the magistrate of Jijia, systematically expounded the experiences of Wenzhou citrus varieties, cultivation techniques, pest control, storage and processing. In the Ming Dynasty, the Japanese monk returned to China from Tiantai National Temple, introduced Wenzhou mandarin to Japan through Wenzhou Jiangxin Temple, and then improved it into a thin seedless mandarin, which tasted as sweet as honey. After 19 16, new strains of mandarin oranges improved from Japan, such as Miyagawa, Xingjin, Yamada and Ishikawa, were introduced back to Wenzhou for propagation and cultivation. After the founding of New China, it has been improved and bred by researchers and orange farmers, and has become an excellent variety of Wenzhou mandarin orange with Wenzhou characteristics, such as Chashan Wenzhou, wudan Wenzhou and Justin.

Citrus has strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, early maturity, high and stable yield, good quality and easy cultivation. The production area is located in the subtropical zone, with the back of the mountain facing the sea, with warm climate, abundant rainfall, dense rivers and canals, fertile land and excellent citrus growth conditions. Wudan District, Ouhai County, in particular, is a traditional citrus producing area with the most concentrated citrus cultivation, and is known as the hometown of citrus. In recent years, the orange peel is bright orange, and the gravy is rich and sweet. The pulp and juice have antipyretic, salivation promoting, appetizing, diuretic, expectorant and cough relieving effects. Orange peel and collaterals can be used as traditional Chinese medicine.