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The Origin of Water and Soil in Fu Huan Guang

Fu Huanguang has always attached importance to soil and water conservation, and is one of the founders of soil and water conservation in China. As early as 192 1, he published "Advocating Afforestation and Flood Control in Jiangsu Province". This paper analyzes the causes of flood and drought disasters in Jiangsu province, and puts forward the prevention ways: (1) preventing seawater from flowing backwards, building windbreaks to strengthen dikes and seawalls; (2) Taking flood control in Taihu Lake basin and planting trees in western water source mountainous areas as "the policy of saving water and curing the root cause"; (3) To prevent floods in northern Jiangsu and plant trees in the upper reaches of rivers, "so that the water can be released calmly and the disaster in Huaibei can be alleviated". He also cited the historical process of flood caused by deforestation in France and the historical process of building water source forest to prevent floods to illustrate the importance of building water source forest in Jiangsu Province. He pointed out that it is "profitable" for water source forests to grow into forests. He appealed that "water conservancy workers should not only pay attention to the downstream dredging, but also make a good plan on the water source and choose the land for afforestation, so Jiangsu Province and the country are very lucky". 1922, Fu Huanguang published a paper "Discussion on Promoting Forestry Development in Jiangsu Province", which classified forests, including water source afforestation, pond shelterbelt and polder shelterbelt. 1942, Fu Huanguang was appointed as the director of Tianshui soil and water conservation experimental zone of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Chongqing National Government, and happily left the metropolis Chongqing to organize personnel to go to Tianshui. Traffic was difficult at that time. He led everyone and their families from Chongqing to Tianshui, Gansu by truck via Chengdu. During my stay in Chengdu, I also visited the middle reaches of Minjiang River, Qingcheng Mountain and Dujiangyan with several technicians. After arriving in Tianshui, I rented a private house to live and work in the city. Then a simple office and dormitory bungalow was built in Tianshui Park. He first visited and contacted relevant parties and solicited opinions extensively. On the other hand, we visited Lude and nearby small mud ditches. The investigation of Xiaolongshan was carried out at the end of 1942. A group of seven people walked through the snow into the mountains, almost all over Xiaolongshan mountain area, collecting specimens and recording forest vegetation and landscape. Along the way, accommodation in mountain farmers. After the inspection, write the inspection report of Xiaolongshan forest area. It is under such difficult conditions that Fu Huanguang has carried out soil and water conservation work on the Loess Plateau.

During working in Tianshui soil and water conservation experimental zone, Fu Huanguang has initially controlled soil erosion by planting soil and water conservation forests, building some erosion ditches and terraces on sloping fields, silting willow trees in river valleys and beaches, ridging fields and planting grass.

During his stay in Tianshui, Fu Huanguang successively absorbed Ye Pei Zhong, Jiang Deqi, Huang Xizhou, Ao, Zhang Dechang, Xu Xuexun, Wei, Wu, Dong Xinmin, Lu Benshun, Yan, Xue Zhizhong and several assistant technicians to form a technical team. Ren Chengtong, Niu Chunshan, Yuan Yisheng and Yuan Yitian were also hired to guide and assist the work. This is the early scientific research team of soil and water conservation in China.

During the period of 1943, Fu Huanguang and others accompanied Luo Demin, consultant of the Executive Yuan of the National Government and deputy director of the General Administration of Soil and Water Conservation of the United States, to inspect soil and water conservation in northwest China and held a seminar on soil and water conservation in Tianshui. The contents discussed include the basic theory of soil and water conservation, the situation of soil and water loss in northwest China, land types and land use, and the experimental design of soil and water conservation in Lvergou and Wayaogou in Tianshui.

From 65438 to 0945, Fu Huanguang wrote the article "Soil and Water Conservation and the Cause of Soil and Water Conservation" and put forward his own views on the academic theory of soil and water conservation. He believes that in ancient times, the earth was covered with vegetation, and soil erosion and wind erosion were minimal. This is called geological soil erosion or natural soil erosion. When human activities surge, logging, reclamation, exposed surface, erosion, wind erosion, fertile soil into barren land, "called soil erosion or accelerated soil erosion." He divided the work scope of soil and water conservation into six aspects, including land classification and utilization, soil and water conservation and water storage, water conservation, desert stability, wasteland restoration and sustainable production, including farmland water conservancy, forest animal husbandry and the whole rural construction. He also put forward more comprehensive implementation opinions on technical measures of soil and water conservation. Fu Huanguang's profound understanding and farsighted views on soil and water conservation still have certain guiding significance and reference value today.

During the period of 1946, Fu Huanguang founded the first soil and water conservation training course in China during his tenure as deputy director of the Central Forestry Laboratory, director of the Office of Soil and Water Conservation of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, and director of the Soil and Water Conservation Department of the Laboratory. Train junior college technicians in forestry, water conservancy and agronomy, teach soil and water conservation techniques, advocate afforestation in mountainous areas, planting grass on sloping fields and farming on flat land, and reduce and eliminate soil erosion. In the second year, the soil erosion experiment was carried out on the slope of Gangzi Village in Nanjing. And sent personnel to Huainan and Henan to engage in soil investigation and carry out soil and water conservation work. For the edge of the desert, he advocated the construction of sand-proof forest belt and the selection of drought-tolerant plants to fix sand dunes to prevent desert invasion. At the same time, afforestation was carried out on barren hills and hills destroyed during the eight-year occupation.