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Lv Buwei, a famous businessman, politician and thinker at the end of the Warring States Period, was born in Puyang (now southwest of Puyang, Henan). Lv Buwei was a big businessman in Yangzhai (now Yuzhou City, Henan Province). He traveled around, buying at low prices and selling at high prices, so he accumulated thousands of dollars of wealth. He is famous for "rare goods can live in the world". He assisted Qin Shihuang to ascend to the throne and served as the prime minister of Qin, organized the people to compile the famous Lv Chunqiu, and was also a representative figure of sage thought.

In Handan, the capital of the State of Zhao, Lv Buwei met the King Sun of Qin, who was in charge of the State of Zhao (later renamed as Zhao), and thought that "rare goods can live in", so he gave him a large sum of money and lobbied King An of Qin to spoil Mrs. Ji Huayang and make her an heir. Zi Chu and Lv Buwei fled to the state of Qin. Ann Guo Jun became the filial piety king, and Zi Chu became the prince. The following year, Zi Chu acceded to the throne (namely King Zhuangxiang), appointed Lv Buwei as Prime Minister, made him Wen Xin Hou, and ate 65,438+households in Luoyang, Henan. King Zhuang Xiang died, and the young prince was made king and honored as the prime minister, known as "Guan Zhong". There are 3,000 diners and 10,000 families under the door. Ordered diners to compile Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals, also known as Lu Lan. "Eight Views and Six Views on the Twelve Dynasties" has more than 200,000 words, which brings together the theories of pre-Qin philosophers, "Confucianism and Mohism, the method of combining names", so it is called "miscellaneous family" in history. When he was in office, he seized the land of Zhou, Zhao and Wei, and established Sanchuan, Taiyuan and Dong Jun, which made great contributions to the cause of Qin Wang's annexation of the six countries. Later, because of rebellion, he was removed from the post of prime minister and lived in Henan fief. Soon, the king of Qin ordered his family to move to Shu. Lv Buwei was afraid of punishment, but he died by drinking zhenniao. (Translated from Biography of Historical Records and Lv Buwei)

[Edit this paragraph] Second, the life of Lv Buwei

In forty years (267 BC), the prince was mourned, died in Wei, and was transported back to Xiangyang for burial. In the forty-second year of Zhao Haoqi (265 BC), he married his second son, a Guo Jun and a prince. A Guo Jun has more than twenty sons. An Guojun has a very favorite concubine named Mrs. Huayang. Mrs. Huayang has no son. Ann Guo Jun has a middle-ranking son named Zi Chu, and Zi Chu's mother named The Last Month Of Summer, who is not favored. Zi Chu was sent to Zhao as a hostage of Qin. Qin attacked Zhao many times, and Zhao did not treat Chu with courtesy.

Zi Chu, the grandson of the Princess of Qin, was taken hostage in Zhao. He doesn't have rich chariots and horses and daily wealth, and he feels embarrassed and dissatisfied. Lv Buwei went to Handan to do business. After meeting Zi Chu, he liked it very much. He said, "Zi Chu is like a strange commodity that can be hoarded. To sell at a high price "(idiom" strange goods can live "). So he went to visit Zi Chu and said to him, "I can expand your family." Zi Chu smiled and said, "You can form your own family first, and then mine!" Lv Buwei said, "You don't understand, my door will light up only when your door is lit up." Zi Chu knew what Lv Buwei meant, so he sat down and went further with him. Lv Buwei said, "The king of Qin is old, and Guo Jun is a prince. I heard privately that Ann Guo Jun dotes on Mrs. Huayang very much. Mrs. Huayang has no son, and only Mrs. Huayang can choose a prince. Now you have more than twenty brothers, and you are in the middle. You are not loved by the king of Qin, and have been held hostage by the vassal States for a long time. Even if the king of Qin dies and Ann Guo Jun succeeds, you can't expect to compete with your eldest brother and other brothers who are around the king of Qin in the morning and evening. " Zi Chu said, "Yes, but what should we do?" Lv Buwei said, "You are poor and embarrassed, and you live here as a guest. You can't give anything to your parents or make friends. Although I am not rich now, I am willing to spend my daughter to lobby you to go west to the Qin State and serve Mrs. An and Huayang, so that they can make you a prince. " Zi Chu kowtowed and thanked him and said, "If your plan comes true, I am willing to share the land of Qin with you."

Lv Buwei then took out five hundred gold and gave Zi Chu the expenses for his daily life and making friends. He also took out 500 gold to buy exotic toys and took the west to the state of Qin to lobby. For the first time, he met Mrs. Huayang's brother, Yang Quanjun, and his sister, and dedicated everything he brought to Mrs. Huayang. By the way, when talking about Zi Chu's intelligence, he made friends with princes and guests all over the world, and often said, "I, Zi Chu, watched my wife all day and cried day and night, missing the prince and his wife." Madame is very happy. Lv Buwei took the opportunity to ask Mrs. Huayang's sister to persuade Mrs. Huayang to say, "I heard that once a beauty is used to serve others, her goodwill will decrease. Now, madam, you serve the prince. You are favored, but you have no son. If you don't neutral a talented and filial person among the sons of the prince earlier, let him be the heir and treat him like your own son, then your husband will be respected when he is alive, and his son will inherit the throne after his death, and he will not lose power in the end. This is what people say: eternal benefits can be obtained. If you don't set up a foundation when your appearance is beautiful, if you wait until your appearance is exhausted and your love is lost, is it possible to say a word to the prince? Now Zi Chu is virtuous. Knowing that she is in the middle, she can't be the heir in sequence, and her biological mother is not favored, so she will take the initiative to attach herself to her wife. If your wife can really promote him as an heir at this time, then your wife will honor Qin all her life. " Mrs Huayang thinks so. At the convenience of the prince, she euphemistically talked about the talent of Zi Chu, who was taken hostage in Zhao State, and everyone who came and went praised him. Then he cried and said, "I am lucky to fill the harem, but unfortunately I don't have a son." I hope I can make Zichu my heir, so that I can have someone to rely on in the future. " Ann Guo Jun agreed, and his wife carved a jade symbol, and decided to let Zichu be the heir. Ann Guo Jun and Mrs Huayang sent many gifts to Zi Chu and asked Lv Buwei to be his teacher. Therefore, Zi Chu became more and more famous among the governors.

Lv Buwei chose a beautiful Handan woman who is good at dancing to live with and knew that she was pregnant. Zi Chu once had a drink with Lv Buwei. After seeing this woman, she liked it very much. She stood up, toasted Lv Buwei, and asked to give her to him. Lv Buwei was very angry, but on second thought, he had spent a lot of money on Zi Chu's property so that he could catch the strange goods, so he gave it to this woman. This woman concealed that she was pregnant. 12 months later, she gave birth to her son Zheng Ming. So Zi Chu married Ji as his wife.

In the 10th year of Wu Wang, Qin Zhao, Wang Kun was sent to besiege Handan. The situation is very urgent, Zhao wants to kill. Zi Chu conspired with Lv Buwei, took out 600 Jin of gold and gave it to the guarding city officials. They were able to escape, fled to Qin Jun camp and returned home smoothly. Zhao wants to kill his wife and son, and his wife is the daughter of Zhao's rich family, so she can hide, so the mother and son have to survive. In the fifty-sixth year of King Qin Zhao (25 1), he died. Prince Ann Guo Jun succeeded to the throne as king, Mrs Huayang as queen and Zi Chu as prince. Zhao also escorted his wife and son Ying Zheng back to Qin.

Ann Guo Jun died of sudden illness only three days after she became king of Qin, and posthumous title was king of filial piety. Prince Zi Chu succeeded to the throne. He was the King of Qin Zhuang Xiang. Queen Huayang, regarded by King Xiang Zhuang as her mother, is the Queen Huayang, and her biological mother is the Queen Xia. In the first year of King Zhuangxiang (249 BC), he appointed Lv Buwei as Prime Minister, named him Wenxinhou, and took 100,000 households in Luoyang, Henan as food cities.

King Zhuang Xiang died three years after he ascended the throne, and Prince Ying Zheng succeeded to the throne, honoring Lv Buwei as Prime Minister and calling him "Guan Zhong". The King of Qin is still young, and the Queen Mother often has an affair with Lv Buwei. The Lv Buwei family has 10,000 slaves.

At that time, Wei Youxin, Chu Youchun, Zhao Youyou and Qi Youyou. They were all polite and made friends. In this respect, we must strive for a high and low level. I think that Qin is so powerful that it is a shame to be inferior to them, so I also recruited a bachelor of arts and gave them generous treatment. There are as many as 3,000 diners. At that time, talented people from various vassal States came forth in large numbers, such as Xun Qing and his colleagues, who wrote books and made statements, which were popular all over the world. Lv Buwei ordered his diners to write down what they saw and heard, and put them together, forming eight views, six theories and twelve dynasties, totaling more than 200,000 words. I think it contains the facts of the universe through the ages, so it is called Lv Chunqiu. It will be announced in Xianyang city, with a reward of $1,000 hanging on it, inviting tourists from all over the world. Anyone who can add or delete a word will be rewarded with 1000 yuan.

Qin Shihuang is getting bigger and bigger, but the queen mother has been promiscuous. Lv Buwei was afraid that things would come out, so he secretly found a man with a particularly big penis-Lao Ai (Luo m: i, brand abbreviation). As a public guest, he let the actors sing and dance for fun from time to time, and ordered Lao Ai to put his penis on a paulownia wheel to make it turn, and tried every means to let the queen mother know about it and use it to seduce her. When the queen mother heard about it, she really wanted to possess him in the dark. Lv Buwei offered Lao Ai, pretending to be condemned for committing the crime of imprisonment. Lv Buwei secretly said to the Queen Mother, "You can make Lao Ai pretend to be imprisoned, and you can get him among the people who work in the palace." The Queen Mother secretly handed many things to the officials who presided over the castration, pretending to punish Ai, pulling out his beard and pretending to be a eunuch, so as to serve the Queen Mother. The queen mother secretly committed adultery with him and loved him very much. Later, the Empress Dowager became pregnant. I was afraid that others would know that pretending divination was unlucky and needed a change of environment to avoid it, so I moved to Yongdi Palace. Lao Ai has been following the Empress Dowager Cixi and received a very generous reward, and everything he did for Empress Dowager Cixi was in charge of Lao Ai. Lao Ai has thousands of servants who want to be Lao Ai's servants, and thousands of them volunteer to be eunuchs.

In the seventh year of Qin Shihuang (the first 240 years), the biological mother of King Xiang of Zhuang died. Empress Xiaowen was named Queen Huayang and buried with King Xiaowen in Shouling. The son of Empress Xia, King Zhuang Xiang, was buried in Zhiyang, so Empress Xia was buried alone in the east, saying, "You can see my son in the east and my husband in the west. A hundred years later, there will be a city of thousands of households next to it. "

In the ninth year of Qin Shihuang (238 BC), it was said that Lao Ai was actually not a eunuch. He often had an affair with the Queen Mother and gave birth to two sons, both of whom were hidden. He also conspired with the Queen Mother to say, "If the King of Qin dies, let this son inherit the throne.". Therefore, Qin Shihuang ordered the judge to investigate the matter and find out all the truth, which involved Premier Lv Buwei. In September this year, he killed all three members of Lao Ai's family, killed two sons born to the Queen Mother, and moved the Queen Mother to live in Yongdi. In October of the 10th year of Qin Shihuang (237 BC), Lv Buwei was dismissed from his post as prime minister. When Jiao persuaded the King of Qin, the King of Qin met the Queen Mother harmoniously and made her return to Xianyang, but he sent her out of the capital and went to the fief in Henan.

More than a year later, guests and envoys from various vassal states came to meet Lv Buwei in an endless stream. The king of Qin was afraid that he would launch a rebellion, so he wrote to Lv Buwei and said, "What contribution have you made to the State of Qin? Qin granted you 100,000 households in Henan. What is your blood relationship with the king of Qin? It is called Guanzhong. You and your family are moving to Shu! " When Lv Buwei thought that he had been persecuted gradually and was afraid of being killed in the future, he drank wine and committed suicide. Both Lao Ai, whom the King of Qin hated, died, so all the Lao Ai tourists who migrated to Sichuan returned to Beijing.

In the 19th year of Qin Shihuang (228 BC), the empress dowager died, and posthumous title was the empress dowager. Buried with King Xiang Zhuang in Zhiyang.

Jia Yi (200 BC-BC 168), a famous scholar in the Western Han Dynasty, was called Jia Sheng, Jia Zi and Jia Changsha. Jia Yi was born in the seventh year of high school (the first 200 years). This era is the era when the Western Han regime was just established. This not only brought Jia Yi the opportunity to display his talents, but also brought him frustrations and pains in life.

Jia Yi lived in a peaceful and stable environment in her childhood and adolescence, and her life was mainly based on reading and writing. 18 years old, because he can recite poems and write articles, he is famous in the county. At that time, Wu Tingwei, a famous Henan, appreciated his excellent talent and knowledge and listed him under the door.

In 180 BC, Liu Heng, the Chinese emperor, ascended the throne. He heard that Wu Gong was knowledgeable and made outstanding achievements, so he was called Wu Gong Tingwei. In the first year of Emperor Han Yuan (BC 179), Jia Yi was recruited into the DPRK and became a doctor under the recommendation of his teacher Wu Tingwei. A year later, he was promoted to doctor Taizhong. From then on, 22-year-old Jia Yi embarked on a career and became a member of the Western Han political group.

Emperor Wen of Han attached great importance to Jia Yi and promoted him to traditional Chinese medicine. He also discussed with the ministers and wanted to promote him to a public official, but the ministers opposed it. Later, Emperor Wen of Han began to deliberately alienate Jia Yi and sent him to be the teacher of King Changsha.

Jia Yi, who was frustrated politically, left Beijing and came to Changsha, a remote city. He heard that Changsha is low-lying and humid, thinking that it won't take long to go to Changsha for this reason. Moreover, because he was relegated, he was in a particularly bad mood and often compared himself with Qu Yuan. In this case, he wrote Qu Yuan Fu, which has been handed down through the ages.

In the seventh year of Emperor Wendi (BC 173), Emperor Wendi missed Jia Yi in Changsha and called him into the palace. After listening to Jia Yi's big talk, Wendi said with great emotion, "I haven't seen Jia Sheng for a long time. I think I am worse than this." Soon, Emperor Wendi made Jia Yi his teacher. During his tenure as a teacher of Liang Huaiwang, Jia Yi was still very concerned about politics and dared to express his own opinions. He wrote famous articles such as Public Security Policy and On Accumulation and Sparing Storage.

In the 11th year of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty (169 BC), Liu Yi, King Huai of Liang, fell off a horse and died. Jia Yi felt very sad because she didn't do her duty as a teacher of Liang Huaiwang. A year later, due to excessive grief, Jia Yi died in the twelfth year of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty (BC 168) at the age of 33.

Although Jia Yi's life is short, in this short life, he left a valuable cultural heritage for the treasure house of Chinese culture. He is a representative writer of Sao Style Fu, including Qu and Bird Fu. In the hundred gardens of political essays in the Western Han Dynasty, Jia Yi's essays are also brilliant. Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long. Playing with anger "said that his performance was" well-founded, fluent and free, and it can be said that he knows the big picture. " His most famous political works are On Tong Qin, Public Security Policy and On Shu Xu.

Dong Zhongshu (179- 104) was a thinker and politician in the Han Dynasty. Guang Chuan people (now Hengshui, Hebei), Han nationality. He was a thinker who kept pace with the times in the Western Han Dynasty, a famous Neo-Confucianism scholar and a master of Confucian classics in the Western Han Dynasty. Jingdi was a doctor at that time, teaching "Ram Spring and Autumn". In the first year of Yuanguang (BC 134), Dong Zhongshu put forward the basic points of his philosophical system in his famous "Countermeasures for Giving Virtue", and proposed that "a hundred schools of thought should be ousted and Confucianism should be respected alone", which was adopted by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Later, in 10, he served as the national phase of Jiangdu Wang Liufei; In the fourth year of Yuan Shuo (before 125), he served as the minister of Liu Duan, the king of Jiaoxi, and resigned and went home four years later. Since then, writing a book at home, every time the court discussed it, the messenger and Tingwei asked about their family, which is still respected by Emperor Wu. Based on Yang Gong Chunqiu, Dong Zhongshu combined the religious view of heaven with the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements since the Zhou Dynasty, absorbed the thoughts of Legalists, Taoists and Yin-Yang School, established a new ideological system, and became the official ruling philosophy of the Han Dynasty, giving systematic answers to a series of philosophical, political, social and historical questions raised by the society at that time.

In BC 134, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty issued a letter to seek a general plan for governing the country. Dong Zhongshu, a Confucian scholar, systematically put forward the theory of "the unity of heaven and man" and "the unification of the world" and the proposition of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone" in his famous "Countermeasures for Giving Virtue". Dong Zhongshu believes that "the greatness of Tao originates from heaven", and both nature and personnel obey destiny, so the political order and political thought reflecting destiny should be unified. He summarized Confucian ethics as "three cardinal guides and five permanents". Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted Dong Zhongshu's suggestion, and Confucianism began to become the official philosophy, which has continued to this day. Since then, Confucian classics have prevailed in the Han Dynasty.

Liu An (BC 179- BC 122) is the grandson of Liu Bang, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, and the son of Wang Changlu, a native of Huainan. In the eighth year of Wendi (BC 172), Liu Changjiao was full of domineering and often went hunting with Wendi. Don't use the laws of China for fiefs, make your own laws. 174 Contact with Xiongnu and leaders of Fujian and Vietnam, plot rebellion, and be detained. The courtiers resolved the death penalty, Emperor Wen pardoned him, abolished the king's name, moved to Yandao Qionggang, Shu County, and died without food on the way. In the 16th year of Emperor Wendi (BC 164), Emperor Wendi divided the original Huainan State into three letters and gave them to the Liu An brothers. Liu An was named the eldest son of Huainan Wang at the age of sixteen. He is quick-thinking, good at reading, good at writing and willing to play the piano. He was a famous thinker and writer in the Western Han Dynasty. Li Sao, written by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, was the first work that China highly praised Qu Yuan and his Li Sao. He once wrote Lie Hong (later called Huainan Lie Hong or Huainan Zi), which is of all-encompassing historical and literary value. Liu An was the first practitioner in the world who tried to take off in a hot air balloon. He drained the eggs and burned them with moxa to get hot air, so that the eggshells floated. Liu An is the founder of China Tofu. 1September 992 15, the first "China Tofu Culture Festival" was held in Huainan City, Anhui Province, to solemnly commemorate the birth of Liu An, the founder of China Tofu, and his invention of Tofu for 2 100 years.

Liu Anhao likes reading drums and playing the piano. He doesn't like riding hounds and horses. He devoted himself to governing the country and keeping the country safe, writing books and saying things. Liu An loves Xian, is a corporal of courtesy Xian, and Shouchun, the capital of Huainan, has become a cultural center where scholars gather. Liu An and other officials wrote Huainan Zi (also known as Huainan Lie Hong). Huainanzi has an inner chapter of 2 1 and an outer chapter of 33, with more than 220,000 words in Tao Xun. He also wrote 82 poems, 44 poems by princes, 4 poems by Huainan, and 19 volumes of Huainan miscellaneous stars and 10,000 books by Huainan. It covers political science, philosophy, ethics, history, literature, economics, physics, chemistry, astronomy, geography, agricultural water conservancy, medical health and other fields. These works embody Taoist thought. There is a record in Huainan Wanbi Book that "Zeng Qing changed iron into copper". According to textual research, "Zeng Qing" refers to copper compounds, and some scientists think it is patina, and there are different opinions. .

Huang Bai, Liu An's good skill, called Jianghu Taoists, Confucian scholars, practitioners, alchemists and alchemists. The most famous ones are Su Fei, Li Shang, Tian You, Baylor, Wu Bei, Jinchang, Maobei and Zuo Wu, who are known as "Bagong". They built an alchemy furnace in the north of Shouchun Mountain and occasionally made tofu. Liu An was honored as the originator of tofu, hence the name Bagong Mountain.

Liu An's thought of governing the country is "governing by doing nothing", which improves the Taoist thought, does not follow the first law and the old rules, and follows the laws of nature to formulate a series of policies to encourage production with light punishment, make good use of talents, and show compassion for the people, thus making Huainan a scene of peace and prosperity.

Although Liu An's policy of governing the country was supported by the people, in that era when Confucianism dominated, his Taoist thoughts were repeatedly vilified. In the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (BC 122), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent troops to Huainan on the charge of Liu An's "marrying guests, obeying people and rebelling", and Liu An was forced to commit suicide.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty greatly appreciated Liu An's talent, but his ruling thought of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and worshiping Confucianism alone" was completely different from the Taoist theory of "governing by doing nothing" advocated by Liu An, and the death of his father Liu Chang became a "dead knot" in Liu An's mind. Therefore, while holding "academic discussions" extensively, Liu An is constantly accumulating strength to prepare for the rebellion one day.

However, like his father, Liu An's rebellion has not been implemented, and it has come to an end because of the complaint of Baylor, a public guest, and the informer of Wu Bei and his grandson Liu Jian.

Among the thousands of visitors recruited in Lu 'an, eight are the most talented. They are Su Fei, Li Shang, Zuo Wu, Chen You, Wu Bei, Mao Zhou, Baylor and Jinchang. These eight people are called "Eight Heroes" of Huainan royal family. Among them, Baylor is a swordsman with exquisite fencing. In the battle for Huainan's money, he accidentally hit it and angered the prince. Later, he was forced to stay in Huainan. Baylor then asked Liu An to follow the general Wei Qing to fight the Huns. Unexpectedly, hearing this, Liu An thought that Ray had been betrayed and fired. Lei, who bears a grudge, simply escaped from Huainan and went to Chang 'an to sue Liu. According to the Han law, anyone who interferes with the implementation of the emperor's imperial edict should be sentenced to death by abandoning the city. At this time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, who was busy "cutting the vassal", had heard something about Liu An's actions, so it happened at the right moment. Emperor Wu took the opportunity to put on a show and deprived Liu An of his fief.

Wu Bei, another public figure in "Bagong", tried to dissuade him many times when he learned that Huai nun Tzu was going to rebel, but Liu An not only refused to listen, but always refuted it with the successful examples of Chen Sheng and Guangwu Uprising in the late Qin Dynasty. Seeing that his suggestion could not be adopted, Wu also decided to go back and report the rebellion in Liu An to the court.

As the saying goes, "It never rains but it pours", just at the critical moment of Liu An's life and death, his grandson Liu Jian jumped out again and "stabbed" his grandfather in the heart. Liu Jian's father, Liu Buhai, because he was an unmarried woman, was seldom loved by Liu An, and had long complained. At this time, his "brainless" son Liu Jian even went to Chang' an to report the case. Liu Jian's original purpose was to frame money and make his father the heir of the king of Huainan. It's just that he didn't expect that this situation just sent his grandfather to the grave.

As a result, Lei was sued first, Wu was sued later, and Liu Jian was sued later, so Emperor Wu sent a famous cruel official Zhang Tang to handle the case. As a result, Liu An's rebellion was true. BC 122 (the first year of the founding of Emperor Hanyuan), Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty sent troops to Huainan on charges of "betraying, obeying the people, and rebelling", and found the offensive equipment and forged decree ready for rebellion from Liu An's home. Liu An, who knew that his crime was unforgivable, was forced to commit suicide, and Liu Ci, the king of Hengshan, who colluded with him, also rushed to the scene.

Guanghe 4 years 18 1 year 1 year Zhuge Liang was born in Yang Du, Langxie (now yinan county, Shandong) on April 14th of the lunar calendar18/year.

189 in the sixth year, at the age of 9, Zhuge Liang's mother Zhang died.

Chuping 3 years 192 12 years old Zhuge Liang's father died.

In the first year of Xingping 194, Zhuge Liang, his brother Zhuge Jun and his sister were adopted by his uncle Zhuge Xuan, and his brother Zhu Gejin went to Jiangdong with his stepmother.

Xingping 2 years 195 15 years old Zhuge Liang's uncle Zhuge Xuan was appointed as the satrap, and he and his sister-in-law went with his uncle (now Nanchang).

Zhuge Xuan died in the second year of Jian 'an at the age of 197. Zhuge Liang and his siblings moved to Xiangyang (now Xiangfan, Hubei).

In the fourth year of Jian 'an, 199, 19 years old Zhuge Liang and his friend Xu Shu studied with Mr. Si Mahui, a water mirror.

Jian 'an12 In 2007, 27-year-old Liu Bei visited the Caotang in Xiangyang (now Xiangfan, Hubei), and Zhuge Liang said to Liu Beichen, "Longzhong is right". Then he went out to assist Liu Bei.

Jian 'an13 In 2008, 28-year-old Zhuge Liang sent messengers to persuade Wu Zhu Sun Quan to resist Cao.

Jian 'an 14. In 2009, 29-year-old Zhuge Liang served as a corps commander.

Jian 'an 16 2 1 1 year 3 1 year Zhuge Liang and Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun were guarding Jingzhou.

Jian 'an19214 Zhuge Liang, 34, left Guan Yu to guard Jingzhou, parted ways with Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun, and joined hands with Liu Bei. Liu Bei captured Chengdu, Zhuge Liang served as the chief strategist and left the general office.

In 20 years of Jian 'an, 265438+2005, Zhuge Liang, 35, rectified the internal affairs of Bashu.

In the 23rd year of Jian 'an, at the age of 2 18, Zhuge Liang, 38, stayed in Bashu to supply Liu Bei who was fighting in Hanzhong.

In the first year of Zhangwu in the middle of Shu, 22 1 year-old, 4 1 year-old, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, with the title of "Han", which was called Shu in history. Zhuge Liang was appointed Prime Minister.

In the first year of Shu Jianxing, at the age of 43, Liu Bei defeated Baidicheng, and Yongan trusted Zhuge Liang. After Liu Bei's death, Liu Chan acceded to the throne, and Zhuge Liang was appointed as the marquis of Wuxiang, leading Yizhou as a shepherd.

In 224, the 44-year-old Zhuge Liang adjusted the internal affairs of Bashu.

In 225, the 45-year-old Zhuge Liang led his army south to conquer barbarians.

In 227 AD, 47-year-old Zhuge Liang went to the "model" and stationed in Hanzhong, and went to the Northern Expedition that day.

In the sixth year of Jianxing in Shu, 48-year-old Zhuge Liang beheaded Ma Su, and was demoted to General Right as Prime Minister.

At the age of 49, in the seventh year of the founding of Shu, Zhuge Liang once again made a northern expedition, seized Wudu and Yin Ping, and resumed his position as prime minister.

At the age of 50, Zhuge Liang made another northern expedition in the eighth year of Jianxing in Shu.

When Zhuge Liang attacked Qishan in the Northern Expedition in 23 rd year1year 5 1 year, he defeated Wei Jun and killed the famous soldier He at the wooden door.

Shu Jianxing 1 1 233, 53-year-old Zhuge Liang collected grain in Gu Jie Jianfu.

Shu Jianxing12,234,54-year-old Zhuge Liang went north again and died of overwork.

Han Yu (768 ~ 824) was a writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty. Hui Zi was born in Heyang (now mengzhou city, Jiaozuo, Henan), Han nationality. Originally from Changli, Hebei Province, he was known as Han Changli in the world. In his later years, he served as assistant minister of the official department, also known as the Korean official department. Posthumous title "Wen", also known as Han Wengong. He was an advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, and advocated learning the prose language of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, breaking parallel prose into pieces and expanding the expressive function of classical Chinese. In Song Dynasty, Su Shi called him "the decline of eight generations of literature"; in Ming Dynasty, he was regarded as the head of eight great writers in Tang and Song Dynasties, and he was also called "Liu Han" with Liu Zongyuan, and was known as "a great writer" and "a literary master of one hundred generations". All works are collected in Mr. Changli's portfolio. Han Yu is also a master of languages. He is good at borrowing predecessors' words and paying attention to the refinement of contemporary spoken language, and he can create many new sentences, many of which have become idioms so far, such as "falling when it hurts", "being easily blamed" and "being out of control". Ideologically, he is the founder of China's "orthodoxy" concept and a symbolic figure who respects Confucianism and opposes Buddhism.

Ouyang Xiu (1007 ~ 1072) is a self-styled alcoholic, whose phonetic notation is not u y á ng xi ū, whose name is Yong Shu. In his later years, his name was Liu Yiju, posthumous title Wenzhong, and his name was Ouyang Wenzhong. He was born in Yongfeng, Ji 'an (now Jiangxi) [self-styled Luling], Han nationality, because Jizhou originally belonged to Luling County. Together with Tang Hanyu, Liu Zongyuan, Song Anshi, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe and Ceng Gong, they are called "eight masters of Tang and Song Dynasties". When I was in Renzong, I was tired of knowing the imperial edict and the Hanlin bachelor. Yingzong, the official to the secretary of the Council, and political affairs; The Zongshen dynasty moved the Ministry of War ministers and took Prince Shao Shi as the official. A pawn is Wen Zhong. He advocated political and literary innovation. He is not only a supporter of Fan Zhongyan's Qingli New Deal, but also a leader of the poetry innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty. He is also happy to reward and punish backward, Su Shi and his son, Ceng Gong and Wang Anshi are all out of his door. The creative achievements are also considerable, and poems, words and essays are the best at the moment. Prose is eloquent, lyrical and euphemistic; Poetry style is similar to prose, emphasizing momentum, smooth and natural; His poems are deep and beautiful, inheriting the lingering wind of the Southern Tang Dynasty. Co-edited the Book of the New Tang Dynasty with Song Qi, and independently wrote the History of the New Five Dynasties. I also like to collect epigraphy and compile it into Records of the Historians. There is Ouyang Wenzhong's official document collection. The poem "Walking on Shakespeare". He also wrote the famous Zuiweng Pavilion. Ouyang Xiu was buried in Xinzheng, Kaifeng (now Xinzheng, Henan) after his death. The existing Ouyangxiu Cemetery in Ouyangsi Village, Xindian Town, xinzheng city is a state-level cultural relic protection unit. In addition, there is an ancestral temple named Liuyitang in the southern suburb of Mianyang today. This paper selects six articles: On Separation, Biography of Shi Lingguan in Five Dynasties, Zuiweng Pavilion, Ode to Autumn Sound, Ode to Shi Man Qingwen and Selling Oil Weng. Choose his lyrics: picking mulberry seeds (it's good after the West Lake blooms), complaining (rolling the curtain in the early morning in autumn frost), stepping on the sand (waiting for the plum blossoms in the museum), living in a pestle (last January), Chao Zhongcuo (leaning against the clear sky on the railing of Pingshan) and Liang Zhu (how deep the courtyard is). His first poems were "A Play Answering Yuan Zhen" and "Thrushcross Birds".

Wen Tianxiang (1236— 1283) was an outstanding national hero [1] and a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. Han nationality, Luling (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi Province), formerly known as Sun Yun, was named Wenshan and Fuxiu Taoist. His works include The Complete Works of Wenshan and Wenshan Yuefu, and his famous works include Song Zhengqi and Crossing the Zero and Ding Yang. Song Lizong was the top scholar in the fourth year of Baoyu (1256), and was also called "the three outstanding men in the late Song Dynasty" with Lu Xiufu and Zhang Shijie. His poems in his later years are impassioned, desolate and tragic, with strong appeal, reflecting his loyal national integrity and tenacious fighting spirit. 128365438+1passed away generously in Chaishikou, Beijing on October 9 (December 9 of the lunar calendar), at the age of 47. Wen Tianxiang wrote a lot of poems in prison, and his works such as Crossing Ding Yang and Song Zhengqi have become the last words of the ages and are symbols of the Chinese national spirit.