Zhaoxian County, Yan Zhaowang

After breaking Yan, he acceded to the throne, posing as a thick coin and recruiting talents. Guo Kun said, "The attack on Yan was due to the chaos in the lonely country. I know too little about Yan Xiaoli to report. However, the wise and the * * * countries are ashamed of the Snow King, which is a lonely wish. Dare to ask people who serve the country? " There is another version: Qi attacked Yan because of the rebellion of the lonely country. I know too little about Yan Xiaoli to report. However, the wise and the * * * countries are ashamed of the Snow King, which is a lonely wish. Sir, if you can see it, you must see it. Mr. Guo Kun said to him: "Emperor and teacher, monarch and friend, bully and minister, country and service. Learn from the north and learn from yourself. First hurry and then rest, first ask and then hey, and then who you are. People follow their own trends and follow their own. According to the staff, Monsoon ignored these instructions and the servants arrived. Arrogance is a slave. This ancient method of serving the Tao is also. Wang Chengbo chooses the sage of the country, and under his door, the world is famous for its sages, and the people in the world will be strict. " Zhao Haoqi said, "Who can I face?" Mr. Guo Kun said, "I heard that in ancient times, some galloping horses with a main price of 1,000 yuan could not be obtained for three years." Juanren said to Jun,' seek fortune for oneself.' You sent it. I got a swift horse in March, and the horse died. I bought the first batch of 500 gold to repay you. The king was furious and said,' If you ask for help, you will give birth to a horse and donate 500 gold to help the dead horse?' The man said to him,' What will happen if you buy a dead horse with 500 gold? The world will regard the king as a capable horse, and the horse will come today. "So can't date, swift horse to three. Today, Wang Chengyu is a scholar, starting from Wei Xiao; Wei Xiao sees things, Kuang Xian is not as good as Wei Xiao? How far is it? " So, Wang Zhao passed the Kui Palace. Go to Wei, Zou Yan to Qi, play Xin to Zhao, and scholars compete for Yan. The prince hanged himself and asked for his life, sharing weal and woe with the people. In twenty-eight years, Yan was rich, and foot soldiers were willing to go into battle lightly. So he took Le Yi as the general and conspired with Qin, Chu and Sanjin to cut Qi. Qi was defeated and ran away from home. Yan Bing went north alone, entered Linzi, won the seven treasures, and burned his palace and ancestral temple. The only people who can't leave the city are Juhe Jimo.

[Edit this paragraph] Annotation translation

To annotate ...

Humble: grievance; To condescend is to humble one's wish: to be rich; Be rich and strong; To mourn and mourn. Q: Comfort.

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Yan Zhaowang ascended the throne after cleaning up the broken state of Yan. He paid tribute to the virtuous corporal and recruited talented people with a generous dowry, hoping to rely on them to avenge Qi. To this end, he went to see Mr. Guo Kun and said, "Qi took advantage of people's danger and attacked our Yan State. I know that Yan is weak and unable to retaliate. However, it is my wish to get a wise man to govern the country with me and make the king feel ashamed. What should Mr. Wang do if he wants to serve his country? " Mr. Guo Kun replied: "The monarch who achieved imperial career took the sage as his teacher, the monarch who achieved Wang Ye took the sage as his friend, the monarch who achieved hegemony took the sage as his minister, and the dying monarch took the sage as his servant. If you can serve in a servile manner and be taught in a lower position, then people who are a hundred times stronger than yourself will come; Study early and rest late, consult others before meditation, and people who can surpass themselves ten times will come; What others do, they follow suit, and then people who can compete with themselves will come; If you rely on several cases and command others with a crutch, the people who are driven to run errands will come; If you indulge your arrogance, behave rudely, curse and yell at you, only slaves and prisoners will come. This is the way to practice kingliness and attract talents in past dynasties. If the king really wants to widely select domestic sages, he should visit him himself. When the sages of the world heard of this move by the king, they would surely become Yan. " Zhao Haoqi said, "Who should I visit first?" Mr. Guo Kun said: "I heard that there was a monarch in ancient times who wanted to buy a swift horse with his daughter, but he didn't buy it for three years." A servant in the palace said to him,' Please let me buy it. The monarch sent him. Three months later, he finally found a swift horse. Unfortunately, the horse died, but he bought the horse's head with 500 gold and came back to report to the monarch. The monarch was furious and said,' I want a live horse. What's the use of throwing away 500 gold for nothing? The valet confidently said to the monarch,' You are willing to pay 500 gold for a dead horse, let alone a live horse. Everyone in the world must think that it is good for your majesty to buy a horse, and someone will give you a swift horse soon. So in less than a year, I bought three maxima. If the king really wants Luo Zhi talents now, please start with me first; I am still valued, not to mention those who are better than me? Do they still think a thousand miles is too far? "So Wang Zhao built a house for Guo Kui and worshipped him as a teacher. News spread, from Wei, Zou Yan from Qi, and Xin from Zhao, and talents scrambled to gather in the State of Yan. Zhao Haoqi also paid homage to the dead in the central part of the country, sympathized with the living and shared joys and sorrows with the people. In the twenty-eighth year, Yan became rich and strong, and the soldiers were happy and willing to work. So he thought that the general planned to attack Qi together with Qin Chu, Zhao, Wei and Han in Sanjin. Qi was defeated and King Qi Min fled abroad. The Yanjun fought alone and went all the way to Linzi, the capital of Qi, plundering all the treasures there and burning down the palaces and ancestral temples of Qi. The cities of Qi were not captured, only Ju and Jimo were left.

[Edit this paragraph] Writing background

In 3 14 BC, the prince of Yan ceded the throne to the son of Yan Xiangzi, and Ping Zi, the prince of Yan, fought for the throne, which led to civil strife in Yan. Qi Xuanwang, on the other hand, took advantage of the fish in troubled waters to pacify the civil strife in Yan, and sent troops to attack Yan. It took only 50 days to capture Ji Cheng (now southwest of Beijing) in Yan Dou, kill the prince of Yan and Zi Zhi, and attempt to destroy the state of Yan. This not only caused the strong resistance of the people of Yan, but also caused the interference of the countries in the Central Plains. After that, Qi was forced to withdraw from Yan, and Wuling escorted Yan Gongzi, who was taken hostage in South Korea, back to China to succeed him. When the new king ascended the throne, China was a bleak scene: the fields were deserted, the houses collapsed, and the people were hungry and cold on the ruins. Zhao Haoqi made great efforts to revive Yan State. He knows that the most important thing in governing the country is to recruit talents. With talents, everything can prosper. But how to find talent, Zhao Wang thought hard, food is not enough, fidgeting. Therefore, Zhao Haoqi is not ashamed to ask questions. He sincerely asked Guo Kun for advice and said, "Sir, our Yan state is very weak now, and we can't take revenge on the old enemy of Qi state. I really want to find a large number of talented people to help me innovate politics and revitalize the country, and then wash away our great shame. Please advise, where should I start? " Guo Kun replied: "A monarch who can become an emperor is always with someone who can be his own teacher;" A monarch who can be king is always with handy officials; And those who conquered the country must be some mediocre slaves around him. If the monarch can put down his airs, be polite to those scholars who have both ability and political integrity, and be willing to be their students, then they will not only devote themselves wholeheartedly to serving, but also attract ten or a hundred times as many talents to defect. This is the law of governing the country and acquiring talents since ancient times. Your majesty, if you can ask for advice after recruiting talents, everyone will see that you are thirsty for talents, and people with skills will come like a hundred rivers. "Guo Kun went on to tell a story: in ancient times, there was a monarch who wanted to hire a swift horse for 1000 pounds, but he didn't buy it for three years. An attendant recommended herself to buy for the monarch. Three months later, I heard the news of Maxima, but unfortunately the horse died as soon as it arrived. The housekeeper bought back the bones of the dead horse with 500 gold. The monarch was furious and said, "I want a live swift horse." Who told you to sell the head of a dead horse for 500 gold? " The chamberlain calmly replied, "The head of a dead horse is worth 500 gold, not to mention a live horse. When the world knows this news, it will be sent to the door immediately. "Sure enough, in less than a year, Maxima sent three horses. Guo Kun finished this story and told his plan: "Your Majesty, if you really want to recruit talented people, you might as well start with me and let the whole world see that an incompetent person like me can still be respected by you, not to mention those who are far more capable and talented than me. "In this way, talents at home and abroad will gather in China for thousands of miles." So Yan Zhaowang built a magnificent palace according to Guo Kun's idea. I chose an auspicious day and held a grand ceremony to respectfully invite Guo Kun to live in the new palace. Wang Zhao visits every day, just as students ask their teachers. Zhao Haoqi also built a high platform on the bank of Yishui to attract wise people from all over the world. Thousands of taels of gold were put on the stage as gifts for the wise. This high platform is the famous "Huang Jintai". The reputation of loving talents and respecting morality spread like wildfire, and talents from all over the world flocked to Yan. Among them, there are many celebrities: for example, the military commander came from Zhao, the counselor Zou Yan came from Qi, Qu Yong came from Wei, and Wei ... What a talented person, Zou Yan was a master of Yin and Yang and five elements, and was famous all over the world at that time. He was highly respected when he was in Qi. When traveling around Wei, I personally ran to the suburbs to meet him; When he arrived in Zhao, he greeted him sideways and respectfully brushed the dust off his seat with his sleeve. When Yan Zhaowang told Zou Yan, he was even more disguised than Zhao Wei. He personally wrapped the broom in his sleeve, went back to sweep and cleaned the road ahead. As he sat down, Zhao Haoqi took the initiative to sit in the disciple's seat. Please ask Zou Yan to teach herself. Zhao Haoqi has specially built a Jieshi Palace for Zou Yan to live and give lectures. Therefore, later generations used words such as "Pioneer of Wisdom" and "Jieshi Palace" to describe respecting talents with generous treatment. Wang Zhao's actions should have great repercussions, and the literati who defected to Yan were even more enthusiastic. Zhao Haoqi opened its doors and was widely accepted in an eclectic way. Not only well-known scholars are welcome, but also those scholars who are interested in destroying Qi, who are familiar with the relationship between Qi's dangerous fortress and the monarch and ministers, and who are good at leading troops to fight, are given generous treatment, and their strength is accumulated in various ways, so as to break Qi with Yang Yan. Among the many literati gathered in Yan Dou to assist Wang Zhao in rejuvenating Yan State, Le Yi is the most outstanding figure. Le Yi is another famous soldier after Yang Le. He is knowledgeable and proficient in the art of war. He was once recommended as an official of Zhao. In order to escape the civil strife in Zhao, he went to Wei. He heard that Corporal Yan Zhaowang had a high moral character, and he longed for it very much. As it happens, I was once sent to Yan to work for Wei, and I was very respectful and polite. He was very moved and decided to stay in Yan State. Zhao Haoqi immediately appointed him as Yaqing and entrusted him with national political and military power. Le Yi spared no effort to help Zhao Haoqi reform its internal affairs and reorganize its army. First of all, in view of the serious situation of poor strict laws and corrupt officials, we should teach them to make laws, strictly enforce the legal system and strengthen the assessment of officials; Secondly, it is necessary to determine the principle of appointing officials on merit, abandon the tradition of "kissing" and "choosing people to be expensive", and clean up the misdeeds of cronyism and abuse of cronies when the son was in power, so as to make the official administration of Yan State more and more clear; Thirdly, it is suggested that Zhao Haoqi should use a certain system to reward those obedient people who abide by national laws, including poor people with low status and some slaves, so as to stabilize social order. Militarily, Le Yi paid attention to tactics and discipline training, just to improve the fighting capacity of Yan Army. Zhao Haoqi also pays attention to mourning orphans and comforting families with funeral troubles; Wang Zhao also sends people to congratulate and care for those couples who are happy to have their baby. Zhao Haoqi shared weal and woe with the people and won the support of all walks of life in the country for his rule. With the help of Le Yi and others, Zhao Haoqi worked hard for 28 years, which not only made the country richer and richer, but also accumulated considerable strength and cultivated a folk custom of self-improvement. The conditions for Yan to send troops to cut Qi are becoming more and more mature. The banner of mobilizing troops and cutting qi won. While trying to govern the country, Yan's feud reached its peak. However, the monarch of Qi has no sympathy for the people's power at home and imposes excessive taxes. The constant use of troops overseas aroused the dissatisfaction of the princes. After years of humiliation, I thought it was time for revenge and decided to send troops to cut Qi. Qi is, after all, a big country in the East, which cannot be countered by the strength of Yan alone. Le Yi put forward the strategy of "discussing great plans with the world", which was approved by Zhao Haoqi. Le Yi and Zou Yan carefully analyzed the situation and clearly realized that Qi, Qin and Zhao, the top three, were trying their best to expand their sphere of influence. Dingtao in the Song Dynasty was the most prosperous commercial metropolis in the Central Plains, and Qi, Qin and Zhao all wanted to get their hands on it. Once the State of Qi destroyed the State of Song, it would inevitably aggravate the contradiction between Chyi Chin and Zhao, and at the same time, it would also pose a serious threat to countries such as Korea, Wei and Chu, causing anxiety in these countries. Zhao Haoqi decided to lure Qi to destroy the Song Dynasty and isolate Qi. On the surface, Yan surrendered to Qi, which made Qi relax its vigilance. In the meantime, Su Qin was sent to the State of Qi twice to alienate the King of Qi, and instigated him to rashly decide to attack Qin in the west and destroy Song in the south. Taking this opportunity, Zhao Haoqi sent messengers to contact Wei and Chu, and sent Le Yi to see Zhao, prompting Zhao Haoqi to persuade Qin to cut Qi. Qin Sheng became the king of the East and the West in Qi State, and * * * divided the world; Unexpectedly, the breach of contract attacked Qin and destroyed Song, and the forces invaded the Central Plains. In order to give this evil breath, I readily agreed to send it. In this way, countries are surrounded by Qi from north, west and south. In the thirty-first year of Zhou Nanwang (284 BC), Yan Zhaowang appointed Le Yi as the general, and went to war in a unified way. At this point, the Chu army has been stationed in Huainan, ready to seize the land of Huaibei in Qi State; Qin and Zhao, Han and Wei also sent a general to Qi. At first, Qi Min didn't expect that Yan would join forces with other countries to attack Qi, and he didn't rush into the war until he found that Yan's army had invaded Qi. King Qi Min fought for the whole country, helped water, and made the Western Expedition against the enemy. The morale of the Qi army was low because of years of fighting, and the soldiers whose popularity was not conducive to fighting threatened to dig their ancestral graves and behead them, which made the soldiers of the Qi army feel chilling. When the allied forces attacked, the Qi army collapsed and lost again and again. After the main force of the Qi army was destroyed, Qi Min led the remaining troops to flee back to the capital Linzi in panic. Zhao Haoqi was very happy when he heard the news. He went to Jixi battlefield to work for the army, and later became a soldier, and appointed Le Yi as Chang Wang. Le Yi rewarded the armies of Qin and South Korea and sent them back to China. Then Zhao was ordered to attack Hejian, and Wei Jun was ordered to turn to the southeast to collect the land of the former Song Dynasty; Since leading Yan Jun into Beijing. The Yan army marched straight into the country and was on a roll, capturing Linzi in one fell swoop. King Qi Min was forced to flee. He was firmly trapped in Juxian County (now Juxian County, Shandong Province), and was later killed by Jiang Ziya, a famous Chu State. Le Yi was determined to wipe out Qi. After occupying Linzi, he took a series of measures to consolidate and expand the results. In order to appease the people of Qi, after the report was approved, the military discipline was mainly rectified and the Yan army was forbidden to plunder the people. In view of King Qi Min's violent behavior, he is willing to announce tax relief for Qi Min, abolish harsh laws and restore some reasonable laws and regulations in the Qi Weiwang era. In the suburbs of Linzi, Qi Huangong and Guan Zhong were ceremoniously sacrificed, and more than 0/00 titles of Yan State/KLOC were awarded to the people of the submissive State of Qi, and more than 20 titles of Qi State were enfeoffed, which won the ruling class of Qi State, basically stabilized the occupation of Qi State, and the whole State of Qi was willing to submit to Yan State. Militarily, Le Yi was divided into five divisions and continued to occupy all parts of the country. Therefore, it took only half a year for the Yan army to capture more than 70 cities of Qi in succession, all of which were turned into counties, leaving only two cities, Ju 'an and Jimo (now Pingdu South, Shandong Province), which were not captured. The reason why Le Yi can give full play to its outstanding political and military talents is inseparable from Zhao Haoqi's absolute trust and firm support. When Le Yi attacked Qi, Zhao Haoqi asked Le Yi to attack the city without interference. When Le Yi Jiukeju and Jimo were two cities, someone took the opportunity to visit them. Zhao Haoqi condemned him and sent messengers to comfort Le Yi. Wang Zhao undoubtedly used the sage, and his people exchanged sincere reports. While winning the decisive victory in the war of cutting Qi, they sent Yan to attack East Lake, forcing East Lake to retreat thousands of miles from the northeast of Yan State, and the territory of Yan State expanded to the northeast of Liaodong. Yan also went south and captured many places in Zhongshan. Zhao Haoqi finally made Yan a powerful country and entered a golden age. In 279 BC, Ji Zhi died of illness. Yan Zhaowang grasped the key factor that the revival of Yan State mainly lies in Luo Zhi's talents, devoted himself to it, and made use of talents. Finally, he realized his desire of revenge that he had been pursuing for many years, which made Yan State develop to the peak, and he himself became one of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States.

[Edit this paragraph] The deeds of recruiting talented people.

Since Meng Changjun was removed from the phase, both the King of Qi and Chu Wei destroyed the State of Song and became more arrogant. He was bent on annexing the nations and came to heaven himself. Gal, governors of all countries are not satisfied with him; Yan, especially the northern part of Qi, was bullied by Qi and wanted revenge. Yan is a big country. Later, it spread to kuài, and after listening to the bad guys' ideas, he actually learned the legendary method of Yao Shun's abdication and gave the throne to Xiangguozi. General Yan and Prince Ping attacked the son, and the state of Yan was in chaos. In the name of pacifying the civil strife in Yan State, Qi State entered Yan State, and Yan State almost perished. Later, the soldiers and civilians of Yan made the prince the monarch, rose up and drove the army of Qi out. In the eleventh year of King Huiwen (3 14 BC), King Wuling of Zhao took over the post of Yan Gongzi from South Korea after the rebellion of Yan Gongzi. Childe post is the later famous Yan Zhaowang. But at this time, the situation in Yan was chaotic, and with the support of the queen of Iraq, the son was at war with Prince Ping, which was unfavorable. Empress Yi, the Empress Dowager of Yan State, is the daughter of Qin Huiwen and the son of Empress Yi. Empress Yi and Yan Zhaowang hoped for the support of Qin. In 3 1 1 BC, Qin and Wei joined forces to attack Yan Wangping, kill him and set up a son, and Qin Yan formed an alliance. Childe acceded to the throne, is Yan Zhaowang. He made up his mind to make Yan strong. He made up his mind to find talents to govern the country, but he didn't find the right person. He was reminded that Guo Kun, an old minister, was very knowledgeable, so he might as well ask him. Yan Zhaowang personally went to see Guo Kun and said to him, "I will never forget the humiliation of Qi invading us during the civil strife in our country. But now Yan's national strength is weak, and it is not yet possible to avenge it. If a wise man comes to avenge me, I would rather wait on him. Can you recommend such talents? " Guo Kun touched his beard and said thoughtfully, "I don't know whether to recommend ready-made talents." Please allow me to tell a story first. " Then, he told a story: In ancient times, there was a monarch who liked swift horses. He sent people everywhere to look for it, but he couldn't find it for three years. A courtier found a precious swift horse somewhere far away and told the monarch that he could buy it back by giving him 1200 gold. The monarch was very happy and sent his courtiers to buy it with 1200 gold. Unexpectedly, when the courtiers arrived, Maxima had died of illness. The courtiers thought it was not good to go back empty-handed, so they took out half the gold they brought and bought the horse bones back. The courtiers presented the horse bones to the monarch, who was furious and said, "I want you to buy a live horse." Who asked you to spend money to buy back the useless horse bones? " The courtier said unhurriedly, "People have heard that you are willing to spend money to buy a dead horse, and you are afraid that no one will send a live horse?" You presided over the skepticism and no longer blamed the courtiers. As soon as the news spread, everyone thought that the monarch really loved swift horses. Within a year, several swift horses were sent from all directions. After telling this story, Guo Kun said, "Your Majesty must be thirsty for talents. It is better to try me as a horse bone." Yan Zhaowang was greatly encouraged. After he came back, he immediately sent someone to build a very exquisite house for Guo Kun to live in and worshipped Guo Kun as his teacher. When the world's talents heard that they were sincerely recruiting talents, they ran to Yan to inquire. One of the most famous is Zhao. Yan Zhaowang worshipped Le Yi as Yaqing and asked him to rectify national politics and train the army. Yan is really getting stronger every day. At this time, Yan Zhaowang saw that the King of Qi was insolent and unpopular, so he said to Le Yi, "Now the King of Qi is helpless, and it is time for us to avenge ourselves. I intend to mobilize the people of the whole country against Qi. What do you think? " Le Yi said: "Qi has a vast territory and a large population. I'm afraid we can't fight alone. If the king wants to attack Qi, he must unite with other countries. " Yan Zhaowang sent Zhao to contact King Zhao Huiwen, sent someone to contact Han and Wei, and asked Zhao to contact Qin. These countries do not like the hegemony of Qi, but are willing to send troops with Yan. In 284 BC, he became a general, commanding the armies of five countries and defeating Qi. King Li Qi was also alarmed when he heard that the five-nation allied forces were calling. He gathered all the military forces in the country to resist the allied forces and fought a battle west of Jishui. Because Le Yi was good at commanding, the morale of the five horses was strong, the Qi army was defeated, and the King of Qi fled back to Linzi. Soldiers from Zhao, Han, Qin and Wei won the battle and occupied several cities in Qi, so they didn't want to fight any more. Only Le Yi refused to give up. He personally led the army of the Yan State, and marched into the country, laying a solid foundation for the capital of Qi State. The King of Qi had to escape and was finally killed in Cheng Ju. He thought that he had made great contributions and personally went to the water's edge to enjoy the merits, and was named King Chang. When it was built one day, the chamberlain and the guards in Yan Palace were whispering to each other. Why, uncharacteristically, they angrily hit the prince on the twentieth board? It turned out that the prince was persuaded by the doctor's riding robbery. He slandered Zhao, saying that the general spent three years trying to defeat Jucheng and Jimo in Qi, which was a conspiracy to influence Qi people in both places with kindness. When the Qi people really surrendered, Le Yi might become the King of Qi. Zhao Haoqi always thought that Le Yi was his confidant. When he heard this, he jumped up and gave the prince a good beating. He pointed to the prince's nose and said he was an ungrateful beast. He said, "Who will avenge our late king? Le Yi's contribution is hard to say. We don't respect him as a benefactor, and you have to speak ill of him! Even if he really became the king of Qi, he should be. " After Zhao Haoqi defeated the Prince, he immediately sent an envoy with a scepter to see Le Yi and made Le Yi king of Qi. Le Yi was moved to swear to heaven that he would rather die than accept the order of sealing the king. Since then, I have worked harder for Yan. In the history of China, there is no other way to recruit talents except Zhao Yan and Zhao Wang to build Huang Jintai. Li Bai, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, once wrote a five-character poem praising this eternal story: "Zhao Yanyan, Guo Kui, built Huang Jintai. According to Fang Xin Zhao Zhi, Zou Yan came back together ... "

[Edit this paragraph] Author introduction

Yan Wang Zhao Xiang (? -279 years ago), a famous minister, the son of the prince of Yan and the brother of the prince of Ping. Wang Zhao or Wang Xiang for short. Ben was a hostage of North Korea. After the death of the Prince of Yan, the Yan people made their own efforts and sent them to conquer the State of Qi, connecting more than 70 cities. Later it was defeated by Yan Huiwang. At the beginning of his rule, he was determined to make Yan strong, so he looked around for talents to govern the country. Because of the courtesy to Guo Kui, the old minister, Jian Gong respected him as a teacher. As a result, many countries gathered in the State of Yan, and it was recorded in history that "Le Yi went from Wei to Zou Yan, and the opera went from Zhao to Zhao, and scholars competed for Yan". Chen Ziang, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem: "Go to the Jieshi Museum in the south, look at Huang Jintai in the distance, the mountains are covered with trees, and Wang Zhao is here!" In other words, Yan Zhaowang hired Su Qin with a large sum of money. "The Warring States Policy" also recorded the story of his golden horse, and Yan became a "highland of talents" for a time. In the 28th year of Yan Zhaowang (284 BC), the State of Yan joined forces with Zhao, Chu, Han and Wei to attack Qi, and the last general Le Yi attacked Qi, occupying more than 70 cities in Qi. It is the most glorious period of Yan State. [ 1]