Are there any books introducing various majors and occupations? I don't know what to study and what to do.

Prospect of China's future career development trend

Talents urgently needed in China in the 21st century

Experts have analyzed and predicted the development of science and technology in China. With the development of economy, social culture and science and technology in China, the industrial institutions in China will undergo fundamental changes. In the next 1 years, industries with great development potential and urgently needed talents mainly include: electronic technology, bioengineering, aerospace technology, marine development and utilization, new energy, new materials, information technology, electromechanical integration, agricultural science and technology, environmental protection technology, bioengineering research and development, industry and commerce and international trade, lawyers and other talents.

In the next 1 years, the fields with great development potential in China's science and technology are:

(1) Biotechnology. Biotechnology is mainly a research field centered on genetic engineering, protein synthetic engineering and the development of biological products, which will have a great impact on the development of human society in the 21st century. The development of biotechnology will enable human beings to fundamentally solve the diseases that threaten human beings and improve their production, life and even their future destiny.

(2) High technology dominated by information technology. The main technologies in this field include computer and Internet technology, artificial intelligence technology, etc. During the two years from 1998 to 2, computer technology and Internet technology have developed rapidly in all countries in the world. During these two years, companies and enterprises mainly engaged in these technologies have developed rapidly in technology and assets. The prices of Nasdaq stocks, computers and Internet stocks representing high-tech development in the United States have doubled, and online stocks and stocks engaged in computer production and operation in Hong Kong and China have also increased substantially. Although since the second half of 2, stocks representing computer and Internet technologies have fallen sharply. However, from the future development trend of information technology, information technology will continue to develop rapidly in the future scientific and technological fields, and gradually calm down the "bubble" existing in the current knowledge economy, so that information technology can truly guide the trend of world economic and technological development.

(3), the field of new materials science. Materials science is an applied science field closely related to people's daily life and the development of science and technology. Human beings need all kinds of special high-performance materials in their production and life, such as various alloy materials needed in industry and high-tech fields, superconducting materials, semiconductor materials used to make various chips, various polymer synthetic materials in life (used in clothing, washing products, beauty and health care products, etc.), and nanotechnology, which has recently become a hot spot in new material technology. The development of these new materials science and technology has brought convenience to human life and improved the quality and efficiency of human life. In the future development, new materials science will still become the leading field of scientific and technological development.

(4), new energy and corresponding technology development field. When oil, natural gas, coal and other traditional energy sources are exhausted, and these energy sources are still the dominant energy sources for human production and life, human beings will not be able to survive. In the future development, mankind must find new energy sources to replace these exhausted energy sources. Among them, nuclear fusion energy, solar energy, marine energy, wind energy and hydropower energy will become the leading fields of energy development in the future, and on this basis, we will find and develop new energy sources.

(5) Space technology. The 21st century will be an era for human beings to explore outer space, and the development of space technology will provide technical means for human beings to develop and utilize space resources. With the development of science and technology, human beings use space more and more, and the efficiency is constantly improving, such as various satellites used in communication, military, geographical remote sensing, weather observation, astronomical observation and other fields, space stations used for various materials synthesis experiments, scientific experiments and space relay stations, spacecraft for space exploration in outer space, and so on. In the future development, mankind will further develop space. For example, the establishment of a solar power station in space, the establishment of a space city inhabited by human beings in space, and the development of mineral resources and energy on celestial bodies such as planets, natural satellites and asteroids in outer space all require the support of advanced space technology.

(6), marine technology and marine resources development. Marine resources are an important resource base for human survival, and it is an important source of food and raw materials for human beings. At present, the development of marine resources is very limited, and the rational development and utilization of marine resources will have an important impact on the development of human society, economy and technology.

experts predict that the technologies in the above six fields can form nine science and technology industries in the future social development, including: bioengineering industry, biomedicine industry, optoelectronic information industry, intelligent machinery industry, software industry, new material development and manufacturing industry, new energy development industries such as nuclear energy and solar energy, space technology and development industry, and marine technology and development industry.

the leading occupation of China society in the 21st century

China's personnel management agencies have analyzed and predicted the urgently needed talents in the future according to the relevant statistical data of various professional associations in China. The analysis results show that the leading occupations in China in the next century include: accounting, computer, software development, environmental protection, health and health care medicine, consulting services, insurance, law, geriatrics, services, public relations and services, marketing, life sciences, consulting and social work, tourism management and services, and human resource management. The basic situation and related majors of these sixteen secondary schools are as follows:

(1) Accounting occupations. With the development of social economy and the standardization of financial management, the demand for accounting in enterprises and institutions in society has also greatly increased, and accounting will also become a hot specialty in various industries, with high social status and income. Practitioners in this industry should have professional talents with different titles or professional qualifications, such as assistant accountants, accountants and senior accountants. Generally speaking, they need to have professional qualifications or degrees in accounting, finance and economics, statistics, etc., and pass all levels of national accountant qualification examinations to reach various qualification certificates for accountants.

(2), computer technology. With the development and wide application of computer technology, the development, application and maintenance of computer hardware and software have become an important part of the work of various industries in society, and some computer technicians have been assigned to engage in the installation, debugging and maintenance of computer hardware and software. Therefore, in various industries (such as banks, hospitals, government departments, enterprises, etc.), there is a growing demand for computer technology professionals, and the treatment is relatively generous. The professionals needed in these industries include computer hardware engineers, programmers, network administrators, system maintenance experts, and database managers, etc. These professionals generally need to obtain computer, information technology, electronic technology or related professional qualifications or degrees.

(3), computer software development. The popularization of computer technology has promoted the rapid development of computer software industry, software development has become an important development field of computer industry, and software design experts have become hot talents in software development industry. Software development experts are mainly engaged in the development of computer software, such as operating system, development tools and application software. They are required to have a degree in computer software or related majors, and have some experience in software development. This profession will become a high-tech and high-paying profession in society for a long time to come.

(4), environmental protection. With the aggravation of environmental pollution and the enhancement of environmental awareness of the state and the public, the social demand for talents majoring in environmental protection will show a straight upward trend. Environmental protection specifically includes environmental monitoring, environmental quality evaluation, environmental governance (environmental engineering), and environmental sanitation, and requires professionals in environmental science, geography, biology, environmental chemistry, environmental engineering, etc.

(5), Chinese medicine and health medicine. Since the reform and opening up, China's per capita income and living standards have been greatly improved, and people are paying more and more attention to their living conditions and health conditions. Health medicine has also emerged as the times require, and the market for medical health care products has also grown. Traditional Chinese medicine and health medicine have become a field of public concern. Because western medicine has little effect on some difficult diseases, Chinese medicine is unique in syndrome differentiation and holistic treatment, and it is closely related to the field of biopharmaceuticals today. Therefore, the social demand for Chinese medicine practitioners and health medical talents will gradually increase. Usually, professional practitioners in this field need to obtain a diploma or degree in biomedicine or traditional Chinese medicine.

[6], consulting services. Today's society is an information-expanding society, and information acquisition has become a key link in the development of science and technology and commercial operation. The refinement and specialization of social division of labor has promoted the development of information consulting and related consulting industries, and has become a leading occupation of social development and progress. At present, the consulting industry in society includes enterprise consulting, psychological consulting, information consulting (including all kinds of information service consulting), education consulting and so on. To engage in consulting industry, you need to have education or degree in education, psychology, management, information science, economics and so on.

once, insurance. Changes in social and economic structure and various unpredictable factors have added many uncertain factors to people's work and life, which requires a sound social security system. The continuous improvement of the social security system has promoted the development of the insurance industry, and the development of the insurance industry has reduced the losses caused by uncertain factors in people's lives to a minimum. The social demand for insurance salesmen, managers, actuaries and claim assessors is also increasing, and the treatment is higher than that of ordinary occupations. Generally, people engaged in the insurance industry need to have an education or degree in insurance, finance, economics and management.

being, law. With the development and progress of society, laws and regulations are constantly improved and perfected, and various laws and regulations promulgated by the state will be more and more detailed. It is impossible for ordinary people to understand many legal provisions clearly, and government agencies engaged in judicial work (such as courts and procuratorates) also need high-quality and highly educated legal talents. At the same time, in order to better carry out legal consultation and deal with various criminal and civil cases, the demand for lawyers in society will be increasing, and the lawyer industry will become a profession with high intelligence, high social status and high income. To engage in the legal profession, you need to have a diploma or degree in law or any other professional field, and obtain a national lawyer qualification certificate.

⑼. Geriatrics. Population aging is a serious problem facing the whole world and China. Followed by a series of social problems such as medical care, social security and psychological problems of the elderly, how to solve the above needs of such a huge group has become an important and urgent problem. Among them, medical care and health care for the aged is the most prominent problem, and the social demand for occupations in geriatrics will also be greatly improved. The society will urgently need professionals in medicine, geriatrics, health care and nursing to engage in medical care for the elderly. Such a large social demand will also bring rich economic returns to the practitioners in this industry, and will also contribute to the physical and mental health of the elderly.

⑽, home care and services. The accelerated pace of social life and work has increased the pressure on family members, and caring for patients, the elderly and children has become a heavy burden for young and middle-aged parents, and the demand for home care has also greatly increased. The relevant hot talents are kindergarten teachers and family service personnel, who usually don't need high academic qualifications. However, for managers in this industry, they need professionals with academic qualifications or degrees in social services and management.

⑾, professional public relations. Public relations and corporate image design are very important to the development of a company or enterprise, so the public relations industry has become a very promising profession. The practitioners of this profession generally need to obtain degrees in public relations, social services, economy and trade, and management, and have relevant work experience.

⑿, marketing. Marketing is a very important link in the public relations of enterprise product sales. In today's and future social development, the establishment of independent underwriters and sales networks will become the main form of enterprise operation. These underwriters and sales networks are also responsible for advertising and corresponding technical or sales services for the company. Enterprises or companies dealing in commodities or a product, such as securities and financial industry, communication, medical equipment, computer and network equipment, and general commercial institutions (such as shopping malls), all need talents in marketing. Personnel engaged in this field generally need to have a professional education or degree in marketing, management and economics.

[13], biochemistry and biotechnology. Biochemistry and biotechnology is a hot field of scientific research and biotechnology development in recent years, which has great development potential in biopharmaceuticals, development of health products, development of drugs for treating difficult diseases, and synthesis of artificial protein. At present, new drugs are developed by biochemists and biotechnology experts, and play a major role in treating and preventing diseases. Practitioners in this field generally need to have degrees in biochemistry, biotechnology, biomedicine and molecular biology.

14. Psychology. In China, psychology has been listed as one of more than a dozen disciplines to be developed in the 21st century. Since 1997, the Ministry of Education has established training bases for basic research talents in psychology and science in key universities such as Beijing Normal University, Zhejiang University and East China Normal University. Since then, the state's investment in the field of psychology has increased year by year, and psychological science has gradually become a major concerned by the state and society, and the demand in various industries in society has also been increasing. Such as market research, human resources development, psychological consultation and psychotherapy, correction of learning disabilities, education, psychological research, research on human-computer interaction and so on, all need a large number of psychological talents. In China, psychology, as a new discipline, has also been widely concerned and valued by government departments and social sectors, and has been widely used in various fields of society. A career in psychology requires a degree in psychology or applied psychology.

⒂, tourism. With the improvement of people's income and quality of life, the economic and time investment in outdoor entertainment, leisure and tourism activities has gradually increased, which has promoted the rapid development of tourism. Tourism is an industry with low investment and high income, and the profits obtained are relatively rich. In the 21st century, tourism will develop rapidly. People's consumption in tourism will also increase substantially, and the demand for travel agency companies will also increase substantially, which will also promote the rapid development of related industries. Such as airlines, taxi companies, passenger ship companies, businesses, hotels and restaurants. The development of tourism will promote the all-round development of social economy, and tourism will also become one of the key industries developed by the state. Practitioners in this profession generally need to have a degree or education in tourism management or management, geography or related majors.

[6], human resources. The competition in the future society is the competition of talents, and whoever owns talents will have a foothold in the fierce competition. In the development of recent years, both government agencies and enterprises have established personnel agencies or human resources departments that are responsible for recruiting talents. Its function is no longer the traditional personnel file management, its main function is to recruit and train employees, so that people can make the best use of their talents, maximize the potential of human resources and create the greatest economic and social benefits.