Academician Yuan Longping died in Changsha, looking back on his life.

On the morning of May 22nd, CGTN announced Weibo news that Yuan Longping, the "father of hybrid rice", academician of China Academy of Engineering and winner of "* * * and National Medal", died in Changsha on the morning of 202 1 Beijing time at the age of 9 1.

However, CGTN quickly deleted this Weibo, then deleted the page and apologized for the false news. At the same time, the newspaper learned from Yang Chu, the secretary of Yuan Longping, that the news on the Internet was untrue. Yuan Longping is currently in the hospital, and his physical condition is not very good. We are currently in the hospital.

However, this afternoon 13: 44, Xinhua News Agency announced that it was learned from Xiangya Hospital of Central South University that Yuan Longping, the "father of hybrid rice", academician of China Academy of Engineering and winner of "* * * and National Medal", passed away in Changsha, Hunan on May 22nd 13: 07 at the age of 9 1.

Yuan Longping is a pioneer in the research and development of hybrid rice in China, and the first scientist in the world who successfully utilized the heterosis of rice, and is known as the "father of hybrid rice". Until the beginning of this year, he insisted on carrying out scientific research in Nanfan Base in Sanya, Hainan.

June 2020: 5438+065438+ 10 CCTV news reported that the Yuan Longping team had predicted that the yield per mu of double-cropping rice would be 3,000 kg, and the average yield per mu of late rice would be 9 1 1.7 kg. Previously, the high-yield research field of early rice in Hengnan base of Hunan Province had passed the acceptance in July, and the average yield of early rice per mu was 6 19.06 kg. Early rice and late rice achieve the goal of per mu yield 1500 kg! Previously, the hybrid rice studied by Yuan Longping and his team had broken the rice yield record many times.

Yuan Longping, born in 1930, is an expert in hybrid rice breeding in China, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, a winner of "* * * and National Medal" in China, a pioneer in hybrid rice research and development in China, and is known as "the father of hybrid rice in the world".

1930 On September 7th, Yuan Longping was born in Peking Union Medical College Hospital and was delivered by Lin, who had just served as an obstetrician. The child is the eldest generation and was born in Beiping, so the family was named Yuan Longping. Yuan Longping studied in Rotary Primary School in Hankou, Hubei Province, Hongyi Primary School in Lixian County, Hunan Province, and No.11 Primary School in Chongqing. Chongqing Fuxing Junior High School, Chongqing Ganjiang Middle School and Chongqing Boxue Middle School.

After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Yuan Longping left Chongqing. He studied in Boxue Middle School and Middle School affiliated to Central University. 1949 went back to Chongqing to attend high school. 1August, 949, he was admitted to the Department of Agriculture of Chongqing Xianghui University, majoring in genetics and breeding, and merged into the Department of Agriculture of Chongqing Xinjian Southwest Agricultural University. 1953 Graduated from Southwest Agricultural College.

/kloc-in the summer of 0/953, I ended my college life and went to teach at Anjiang Agricultural School in Huaihua, Hunan. From 65438 to 0960, there was a nationwide famine in China. He is determined to make a name for himself in agricultural scientific research.

1in July, 960, he came across a very distinctive rice plant in the experimental field of agricultural school. To his surprise, he tried planting this rice and found that his offspring had different characteristics. Because rice is self-pollinated, there will be no character separation, so he inferred that it should be a natural hybrid rice. Then he artificially removed the male flowers of hermaphrodite rice and gave them pollen from another variety in an attempt to produce hybrid varieties. 1On July 5, 964, he discovered a "natural male sterile plant" in the experimental rice field, and after artificial pollination, hundreds of seeds of the first generation of male sterile plants were produced. In July of 1965, he detected 6 sterile plants from 14000, and in the following two years, * * * 4 plants successfully propagated 1 ~ 2 generations. This study completely overturns the theory of "asexual hybridization" of Michulin and lysenko, and infers that rice also has heterosis. The yield of hybrid rice can be greatly improved by cultivating male sterile lines, male sterile maintainer lines and male sterile restorer lines.

From 65438 to 0966, the discovery of three-line hybrid rice was published as rice male sterility in Science Bulletin of China Academy of Sciences, which was his first important paper, but this issue of Science Bulletin was the last issue before the Cultural Revolution. The Cultural Revolution impacted Yuan Longping's research, and his experimental rice field breeding was even vandalized and pulled out, but he still insisted on the experiment. In order to increase the experimental effect, every winter, he and his assistant go to Sanya, Hainan for rice breeding, and even tie the seeds to his body on the way to promote germination by using his body temperature. However, the research encountered a bottleneck, and more than 3,000 experiments failed. 197 1 year165438+1On October 23rd, his assistants Li Bihu and Feng Keshan discovered a rare male sterile plant of wild rice in Hainan experimental field. Since then, the Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences has established the Hybrid Rice Research Collaboration Group, with Yuan Longping as the team leader. During the period of 1972, hybrid rice was listed as a national key scientific research project, and nationwide collaborative research began: more than 30 scientific research units participated, and thousands of varieties conducted tens of thousands of test crosses and backcrosses with this wild rice. On this basis, Yuan Longping successfully bred the sterile line Erjiunan 1, which is the first sterile line rice used for production in China.

1973 On the basis of "sterile line" and "maintainer line", more than 100 varieties in Yangtze River valley, South China, Southeast Asia, Africa, America and Europe were tested and screened, and more than 100 rice with restoring ability was found. So far, Yuan Longping and his team have cultivated three-line hybrid rice for the first time, and the rice yield per mu has increased from 300 kg to more than 500 kg. In June 5438+10, Yuan Longping published the paper "Progress in Breeding Three Lines with Wild Barnyardgrass", which officially declared the success of the "Three Lines" of indica hybrid rice in China. From 65438 to 0974, Nanyou 2, the first hybrid rice combination with strong advantages and high yield, was successfully bred, which was widely used in production and increased the yield by more than 20% compared with ordinary rice.

1974, Yuan Longping team successfully prepared seeds and identified organizational advantages. 1975 succeeded in large-scale seed production again, which prepared seeds for large-scale popularization in the following year and made the research results enter the stage of large-scale popularization. 1In the winter of 975, the State Council City, China made a decision to rapidly expand trial planting and popularize hybrid rice in large quantities, and invested a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources to carry out breeding and seed production for three generations a year, so as to promote it at the fastest speed. 1976 fixed-point demonstration of 2.08 million mu, the national application of production. By 1988, the area of hybrid rice in China was1940,000 mu, accounting for 39.6% of the rice area. From 65438 to 0979, as the earliest scientific research technology in China, three-line hybrid rice technology was introduced to the United States. 198 1 year, Yuan Longping won the first "National Special Invention Award" in People's Republic of China (PRC) for successfully breeding three-line indica hybrid rice in China. 1982 Yuan Longping was hired as a part-time professor by Hunan Agricultural College; 1985 was hired as an adjunct professor by Southwest Agricultural University.

Two-line hybrid rice

Yuan Longping is not satisfied with this achievement. 1987 put forward the development strategy of hybrid rice, that is, the utilization of interspecific heterosis based on three-line method; Utilization of heterosis between indica and japonica subspecies based on two-line method: utilization of distant heterosis based on one-line method. 1On July 6th, 987, Yuan Longping students Li Bihu and Deng Huafeng discovered a photosensitive sterile rice in the three-line indica rice breeding materials of Anjiang Agricultural School. After two years and three generations of propagation and observation in different places, the agronomic characters of this material are neat and consistent, the sterile plant rate and sterility degree reach 100%, and the fertility transformation is obvious and synchronous. This new achievement opened up a new situation for the transition of hybrid rice from "three-line method" to "two-line method" in 1995. The research of two-line hybrid rice was successful, and the yield per mu was generally 5%- 10% higher than that of three-line hybrid rice at the same maturity.

From 65438 to 0997, Yuan Longping started the research of super hybrid rice again. In 2000, super hybrid rice achieved the first stage goal of 700 kilograms per mu in the demonstration plot. In 2004, super hybrid rice achieved the second phase goal of 800 kilograms per mu in demonstration plots. In addition to increasing yield, Yuan Longping said that the new super hybrid rice will pay more attention to rice nutrition, and his research team has been committed to testing new varieties to increase vitamin A, protein, starch and other nutrients to reduce anemia and visual diseases.

As recently as 2003, more than half of the rice in Chinese mainland was a hybrid of Yuan Longping. 20% of the rice in the world adopts the hybrid technology of Yuan Longping. In 2007, the rice output in Chinese mainland was 500 million tons. Its hybrid rice technology has been tested and planted in Central Asia, Southeast Asia, North America and South America. Hybrid rice has been used all over the world and continues to make outstanding contributions to solving the world food security and shortage.

2011September 19, the inspection team of China Ministry of Agriculture just announced that the average yield per mu of "Y Liangyou No.2" 100-mu super hybrid rice experimental field directed by Yuan Longping was 926.6 kg, which was the highest in China. On September 29th, 20 13, it was confirmed by the National Hybrid Rice Engineering and Technology Research Center that the average yield of rice in the fourth national demonstration film "Y Liangyou 900", which was tackled by the scientific research team of Academician Yuan Longping, the father of hybrid rice, reached 988.6438+0kg, setting a world record. On June 2016 10, the super hybrid rice "100 million" project was harvested in the research base. The experimental rice variety in this base is "Chaoyou 1000" selected by Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center. After the acceptance by the expert group headed by Xie Huaan, the measured yield per mu reached1013.8kg, setting a new world record for hybrid rice yield in high latitudes. 20 17 10 16 Yuan Longping team set a new world record for the yield per mu of super hybrid rice.

On June 2, 2020 1 65438+1October 2, the late rice yield of the third generation hybrid rice "Sanyou1No."was released, with an average yield of 9 1 1.7 kg per mu ... In addition, the average early rice in July, Yuan Longping, who is watching the acceptance live broadcast, also shouted "Not only excited!"

On May 9th, 20021year, Yuan Longping's team visited the Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center located in Haitangwan Base, Sanya City, Hainan Province, with an average yield per mu of 1004.83 kg.

Planting hybrid rice in desert

20141kloc-0/8, Ma Guohui, deputy director of the National Hybrid Rice Center, was appointed by Yuan Longping to visit Chen Risheng, the birthplace of sea rice, and applied for the national project of sea rice. 20 17 On May 7th, Qingdao Sea Rice Research and Development Center, which was jointly established by Qingdao Municipal People's Government, Qingdao Licang District People's Government, Academician Yuan Longping and National Hybrid Rice Engineering and Technology Research Center, was inaugurated, with Yuan Longping as the director of the center. The headquarters of the center is located in the International Academician Port in Licang District, Qingdao, and the experimental base of sea rice research and development is located in Bainidi Park in Licang District. Yuan Longping delivered a keynote speech on "Marine Science and Technology and Food Security" at Huangdao Forum, the East Asian Ocean Cooperation Platform, 20 17, and said that he would select a new saline-alkali tolerant rice variety with a yield of more than 300 kg/mu under the condition of seawater irrigation with salt concentration of 3-8‰ within 3-5 years. He also said that there are 950 million hectares of saline-alkali land in the world, including 320 million hectares in Asia, accounting for more than 1/3 of the world. China has 6,543.8+billion hectares of saline-alkali land, of which 280 million mu can be exploited, of which 200 million mu has the potential to grow rice. If the trial planting is successfully promoted, it can increase production by 50 billion kilograms and feed about 200 million people according to the output value of 200-300 kilograms per mu. 2065438+September 28th, 2007, the "Sea Rice" project led by Yuan Longping carried out field yield measurement in the experimental base of Qingdao Sea Rice Research and Development Center and the national rice cultivation and improvement demonstration base in Jinkou Zhenhai. In 20 18, Hainan Nanfan Base selected 176 excellent varieties from thousands of sea rice materials and planted them in large areas in China.

In 20 18, the team of Qingdao Sea Rice R&D Center led by Yuan Longping, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, measured the yield of hybrid rice planted in Dubai tropical desert, and the highest yield per mu exceeded 500 kg.

genetically modified rice

Since 2000, Yuan Longping has established transgenic application laboratories and molecular breeding laboratories, and recruited dozens of senior professionals from all over the country. At the same time, he sent his son Yuan to the Chinese University of Hong Kong to specialize in genetic modification. In 2003, Yuan Longping directed doctoral students to carry out the research on introducing genomic DNA of distant species into rice, and transferred a number of foreign genes into rice.

In 2005, Yuan Longping told reporters, "After 30 years of development, all the skills of conventional breeding have been exhausted. In order to further tap the potential of rice yield, we must make new breakthroughs in bio-gene technology. " And guide the team researchers to introduce the epigenome into the hybrid rice parent line through spike and stem injection. In 2007, Yuan Longping published an article in Hybrid Rice, which clearly expressed his expectation for the government to support the commercialization of genetically modified rice. "As long as the country liberalizes the restrictions on genetically modified rice, herbicide-resistant genetically modified rice will have great development prospects." In 2008, Yuan Longping undertook a major national project "Cultivation of New Varieties of High-yield Transgenic Rice".

20 14 12 China official media reported that Yuan Longping, the "father of hybrid rice" in China, revealed that he was conducting research on genetically modified rice, which aroused concern. As early as 2008, when the country started the major special project of transgenic technology, Yuan Longping had undertaken the project of "cultivating new varieties of high-yield transgenic rice", and Yolanda, the son of "inheriting his father's business", published many research papers on transgenic technology.

2021March 10, Yuan Longping fell to Sanya Hybrid Rice Research Base. On April 7, he was transferred to Changsha, Hunan for treatment.

On May 22nd 13: 07, Yuan Longping died of multiple organ failure in Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. The homepage of Yuan Longping Agricultural Hi-tech official website was changed to gray to show condolences.

Part of the content comes from Wikipedia.