The phonology of Wenzhou dialect

Wenzhou dialect (Ou dialect) is relatively old in pronunciation and language structure, and it is difficult to communicate with Mandarin or other Wu dialects, so it is difficult for people outside Wenzhou to understand it. The pronunciation of the stressed position is not aspirated and unvoiced, but there is a voiced feeling in the hearing, which is very different from the northern Wu dialect and is often puzzling. According to Shen Kecheng's Records of Wenzhou Dialect and Wenzhou Dialect, Wenzhou Dialect has 35 initials (including zero initials and nny nng), 30 finals (excluding N and M finals), 8 tones, and 13 disyllabic tone sandhi. Unfortunately, Wenzhou Dialect has a relaxed tone. Open your mouth/? /zhishushui /a/ shankuai/? /Xing Hangheng /e/ Guess again/? /Can you tell me/? /Dark Broken Sun /o/ Flower Evil Sit/? /Bopumu/Ai/Guimei Lost /ei/ Sheji /au/ Soulou Sad/? U/ leave Chu speed/? Y/ local devil fish /a? /search /e? /sincere life /o? /Feng Hongdong /m/ Qi Tihu /i/ Zhang Zhetian /ia/ Little Demon Bird /i? /Live a little with a smile /iai/ Cry and drown /iau/ Xiu Niuqiu /ieu/ Hands-on Education /ia? /recognized piano/yo? /Ying Chunxun /n/ um hehouhu /u/ Ge Guohu /ua//ui? / /u？ /panic and filial piety /uai/ /ua? / /? /two bites /y/ ghost /y? /Situation * * * from /yo/ Continued Poke Note: In Lucheng European, new people will/? Y/ and/? /mixed, these two sounds are the same phoneme in most people's mouths.

And, /o/ and/? There is also a trend of integration, and the pronunciation of "ba" and "bo" is the same among the new school people.

/ei/ and /e/ are about to merge completely, and most people can't tell the difference between "Sai" and "Yes".

Something in the soft palate /k? /,/k/ and voiced /g/,/? /is a phoneme variant of /y/. Most people unconsciously use /k interchangeably? Y/ and /k? /In the word "sleepy", /ky/ and /k? /Yu "official", "dry" or "root".

In soft jaw sound /k? /、/k/、/g/、/？ /,after the gingival nasal vowel /n/, the rising /i/ is the phoneme variant of /e/.

Crowd A pronounced the words "open, change, ditch, stay and day" as /e/ rhyme, which is the characteristic of old schools and middle schools. This crowd is a minority in Lucheng.

Group B, most people who speak Lucheng Ou dialect, pronounce such words as /i/ rhyme.

However, because of long-term contact with people A and B, people C unconsciously use /e/ or /i/ rhyme alternately. The number of people in group C is equal to that in group B.

There are also special circumstances. In some people's phonology, /e/ or /i/ is selectively used in different words. For example, "this day =/Gini/"and "this day =/NiNi/",but "this day" is pronounced as /ne t? Ieu/ "this day =/ki ni/" should be =/ia? Ki/ ",but it happened that" damn "reading /ke s? /

A group of new European users, the upgraded "Dai /ngi/" is directional/? My/Hubei inclination.

In some people's phonology, the elevated "Japanese/you/"has been compared with/? I/,lost it /ni/ and/? My/my objection. Literary and colloquial reading is a common phonetic phenomenon in Chinese dialects and even in Chinese cultural circles. The reason for its formation is that in different periods, local dialects have absorbed the pronunciations of some words from foreign strong dialects, and kept the original pronunciations of words in this dialect. The new pronunciation is called literary reading or "pronunciation"; The original pronunciation is white reading. With the natural development of this dialect, today's pronunciation is very different from the original pronunciation.

In Wenzhou dialect, the written and white pronunciations are rich and varied, which makes the dialect vocabulary richer. However, the literary and colloquial pronunciations of most words are relatively fixed and cannot be changed at will. Different pronunciations in written and spoken languages have different meanings. For example, the abbreviation "100" of the first department store should be read in Chinese; As a cardinal word, it should be pronounced white, such as "one". When foreigners come to Wenzhou, they feel that the most difficult thing to learn Wenzhou dialect is that they can't tell which word to read, when to read it, and when to read it for nothing. Improper use will not only make people unable to understand, but also make jokes sometimes. For example, in the Wenzhou folk song Tintin, there is a saying that there is a fairy well outside the triangle gate and a pig's head clock in the Guo Miao Temple. The word "Jiao" here should be pronounced/? Ia/ (foot), but the "corner" in the "triangle city head" that people often say can only be read as /ko/ (every). These phonetic materials corresponding to written and spoken Chinese provide some clues for us to understand the development and evolution of Chinese pronunciation.

Why do Wenzhou people often refer to the "triangle city head" of Songtai Mountain as the "foot gate"?

This is because the vowels of some words are O in literary reading and A in white reading. For example:

Angle ①ko2 13. The sound is like "each". Reading. "role."

Angle 2? Ia2 13. It sounds like "foot" is read in vain. "Triangle Gate."

Home (1) ①ko33. Sounds like a plus sign. Reading. "Furniture."

Home 2? Ia33. It sounds like "Jia" has been read for nothing. "A guy."

Lu 1 t? O2 13. Sounds like "support". Reading. "Down and out."

2 p? A2 13. It sounds like "beat". Read for nothing. "Soul."

Cross 1 ts? O33. Sounds like a car. Reading. "fork." "Eat western food with a knife and fork." "Wood fork."

Fork 2 ts? A33. It sounds like "rice" for nothing. "Barbecued pork bun."

Blow explosion 1 ①tso42. Sounds like "squeezing" reading "explosion."

Fried ②tsa42. Sounds like "debt" has been read for nothing. "Fried." "Blow the bell."

Eight ①po2 13. Sounds like a beat. Reading. "August fifteenth."

Ba② PA213. Sounds like a hundred. Read for nothing. "Little eight lazarillo de tormes."

As for the pronunciation of the word "dragon", it is very particular. For example, the pronunciation of "dragon boat" and "dragon head" is similar to Mandarin. /(cage); But "Dragon Boat Rowing" and "Dragon Fighting" are used to reading Li for nothing. (Liao). As for the gentlemen named "He Tianlong", the old Wenzhou people often call them "XXX/ Li"? /,and as his title, it's better to call it XXX /lo. /。 Of course, if it is his wife or relatives, calling them "together" has a special meaning.

Why is the word "dragon boat" pronounced differently from the word "dragon boat" and Wenzhou dialect?

This is because the vowel of some words is /o? /,the white vowel is /i? /,such as:

Dragon 1 lo? 3 1。 Sounds like a cage. Reading. "Dragon boat." "faucet."

Dragon 2 Li? 3 1。 This sound is like "Liao" reading for nothing. "Dragon boat." "Hose."

Dragon ① Dragon 3 1. Sounds like a cage. Reading. "Shanda."

Long Erli? 3 1。 Sounds like Liao. Read for nothing. "Emperor Qianlong."

Ridge 1 lo? 35。 Sounds like "gathering" Reading. "Monopoly."

Ling ② Li? 35。 This sounds like "two" reading for nothing. "I planted two mustard trees last year."

Give up 1 bo? 3 1。 Sounds like "friend" reading. "Cowshed." "Mao Peng factory."

Give up 2 bi? 3 1。 It sounds like "Peng" was read for nothing. "Golden melon shed." "The belly falls off." "diaper shed"

Some examples of literary and oral reading

1, the next issue of Wenzhou Radio and Television Weekly, how to pronounce the word "one"?

A: The vowels of some words are /ai/ or /iai/, and the vowels of some words are /i/ or/? /yes. The usage of literary tone is different, and its meaning is also different. Example: the abbreviation "100" of the first department store should be read in Chinese; As a cardinal word, it should be pronounced white, such as "one". Next week is the title of the magazine, so it should be read by pronunciation, that is, text reading.

One? Iai2 13. It sounds like "b". Reading. "One hundred and fifty." "first."

One, two? I2 13. Sounds like a page. Read for nothing. "The same color." "All the time."

Yi ① JIA2 13. Sounds like wings. Reading. "I ching."

Yi ② Ji 22. Sounds like "night". Read for nothing. "simple." "simple."

Drunk 1 ①tsai42. The sound is like "the most". Reading. Soak food with wine, etc. "Shrimp is drunk to eat."

Drunk 2 ts? 42。 Sounds like a "note" for nothing. "I am embarrassed when I am drunk."

Eat 1? Iai2 13. Sounds like "crying". Reading. "Stuttering."

Eat 2 ts? 2 13。 The tone sounds like "qi". Read for nothing. "Eat."

The rate ①sai2 13. Sounds like Lost. Reading. "Leadership."

The rate ②li2 13. It sounds like "Lee". Read for nothing. "efficiency."

2. How to pronounce "Pu" in "Shanghai Pudong Development Bank"?

A: Some words have/? /,the vowel is/? Y/. "Xialupu" is a local place name, which should be pronounced white; "Huangpu" is a place name from other places, so we should respect the pronunciation from other places and read the text. Therefore, the word "Pu" of "Shanghai Pudong Development Bank" should be pronounced "Pu".

Pu 1 p？ 35。 Sounds like "Pu". Reading. Words used in place names. "Pukou." "Huangpu."

Pu 2 p？ Y35. Sounds like "paving the way". Read for nothing. The mouth of a small river. "The tsunami is flooding." Words used in place names. "Sharupu."

Shop 1 p? 33。 Sounds like "quite" reading. Verb. Spray and sprinkle. "Sweep the floor and sprinkle some water."

Shop 2 p? Y35. Sounds like a nursery. Read for nothing. Verb. Spread out, spread out. "Make the bed."

Shop threesome? Y42. It sounds like "broken". Read for nothing. One spread of quantifiers equals ten miles. "Wenruitang River was called Qipu River in ancient times."

Wave 1 p? 33。 Sounds like "Bo". Reading. "the waves."

Wave 2 p? Y33. Sounds like "?" . Read for nothing. "Ningbo."

Broadcast 1 p? 33。 Sounds like waves. Reading. "broadcast."

Play 2 p? Y42. It sounds like "cloth" was read for nothing. "spread."

Pu ①b？ 3 1。 Sounds like "Pu". Reading. "calamus"

Pu 2b？ Y3 1. Sounds like a woman. Read for nothing. "Pugua." "General Association." "Puton." "Pufan."

Husband 1 f? 33。 Sounds like "hoo". Reading. "Wu Wang tea."

Husband 2 f Y33. Sounds like "husband". Read for nothing. "Husband." "My husband."

Module 1 m? 3 1。 Sounds like "hemp". "Model."

Module 2m? Y3 1. Sounds like "magic". Read for nothing. "mold." "mold."

3. Why do Wenzhou people use the word "big" when they say "thin to thin"?

A: The vowels of some words are /a/, and the vowels of white words are /e/, /i? /。 For example:

Up to ①da2 13. Sounds like "stepping on" reading. "Developed."

2 t at most? E42. It sounds like a "state" for nothing. Delicate and upright. "It's time to make muffins."

Bird 1? Ia35. The sound is like a "pinch". Reading. "Dapeng bird." "The gun hit the first bird."

Bird 2 ti 35。 Sounds like a fight. Read for nothing. "Birds."

What else? A2 13. The sound is "narrow". Reading. "Yes or no?" "What's the matter?" "It wasn't cold at all last night."

Also 2 I? 35。 Sounds like Yao. Read for nothing. "Maybe."

Wenzhou people often say "striking a fire bell", but it should actually be written as "striking a fire wheel". Why?

A: Some words have vowels of /a? /,the white vowel is /e? /,it seems to be influenced by Mandarin or northern Wu dialect, or left over from the old pronunciation development. For example:

New 1 sa? 33。 It sounds like "stretching". Reading. "brand-new." "Old and new alternate."

New ②se? 33。 Sounds like "rising" Read for nothing. "Fresh."

Shen 1 sa? 33。 It sounds like "stretching". Reading. "reiterate."

Shen 2 se? 33。 It sounds like "sound" was read for nothing. "rehabilitate."

Wheel 1 la? 3 1。 Sounds like "edge reading" "Wheels."

Wheel 2 le 3 1。 Sounds like Lin. Read for nothing. "Turn on duty." "hit the steam wheel."

Hate 1 ①tsa? 33。 Sounds like "increase" Reading. "yuck."

Hate 2 2 ②tse? 33。 Sounds like "steaming" Read for nothing. "I hate it."

Edge 1 la？ 3 1。 Sounds like "Lun". Reading. "Square brick."

Edge 2 le？ 3 1。 Sounds like Lin. Read for nothing. "Prism."

Net 1？ ia？ 42。 Sound is like the environment. Reading. "Clear the field."

Net 2 ze? 22。 This voice is just like "sheng". "clean."

Ming 1 ma? 3 1。 Sounds like a door. Reading. "Ming dynasty."

Ming 2 me? 3 1。 Sounds like "people". Read for nothing. "light."

Wenzhou people call their children "Jinger" and "Jinger". What is the reason?

A: The vowels of some words are /ei/ and /e/ in literary reading and /ai/ in white reading, such as:

Jing 1 ①sei42. Sounds like the world. Reading. "Be careful." "all right." "The salary is almost no problem."

Jing 2② Sai 35. It sounds like a broken top note. Read for nothing. "Fine meat is tender."

Sin ①①zei 35. Sounds like "in". Reading. "sin."

The charge (2) is 35. It sounds like "sh" Read for nothing. "Crime."

Cover ①ke42. Sounds like "almost" Reading. "bibimbap." "Gai Huashan"

Cover ②lai42. Sounds like a painting. Read for nothing. "The brain is wrapped in marrow."

Ba ①ne3 1。 It sounded like a rising tone of "resistance". Reading. "This dress makes you look like a dried vegetable."

Ba ②nai3 1。 Sounds like "internal" rising tone. Read for nothing. "Eight sugar cakes."

Red 1 ts? Ei2 13. It sounds like a ruler. Reading. "deficit." "barefoot."

Red 2 ts? Ai2 13. It sounds like "seven" was read in vain. "Red guy"

Boil (1) ①fei42. Sounds like a waste. Reading. "It is full of enthusiasm. "

Boiling 2 fai 213. It sounds like "blowing". Read for nothing. "It's boiling."

6. Why are the pronunciations of "bean" and "bean curd" different?

A: Some words have/? U/, the vowel is/? Y/. For example:

Bean 1d？ U22. Sounds like "pox" reading. "Mung beans."

Bean 2 d Y22. Sound is like reading "degrees" for nothing. "Tofu."

Element 1 s? U42. Sounds like "number" reading. "simple."

Element 2 s? Y42. Sounds like a V. Read for nothing. "Vegetarian."

Acts 1 d? U3 1. sounds like "head" reading. "Disciple."

Acts 2 d Y3 1. It sounds like "Lu" is read in vain. "Apprentice."

7. Why do Wenzhou people call "ants" tiger eyes?

A: The vowels of some words are /i/ in literary reading and /a/ in white reading. For example:

Ant one? I35. Sounds like a "discussion" reading. "ants."

Ant ②nga35. Sounds like "eyes". I read it for nothing. An ancient voice. "Termites." "Tiger ants."

Research 1? I3 1. Sounds like "Niang". Reading. "research."

②nga3 1。 Sounds like Yan. Read for nothing. "Take medicine and grind it into powder."

Tweezers 1? I2 13. Sounds like "hot". Reading. "Tweezers."

Tweezers 2? Ia2 13. Sounds like "pinching". Read for nothing. "Hold the tweezers."

8. Why is the pronunciation of "potato" different from that of "sweet potato" and Wenzhou dialect?

A: Some words have/? /,the white vowel is /ei/. For example:

Potato 1 z? 3 1。 This sounds like "late" reading. "potatoes."

Potato 2Zei31. Sound like "qi" Read for nothing. "Sweet potato."

Stone 1 s? 33。 Sounds like a book. Reading. "implementation."

Stone ②sei42. Sounds like the world. Read for nothing. "pay."

Sting 1 ts? 42。 Sound like "place". Reading. "exciting." "flat tire." "bayonet."

Stab 2 ts? Ei42. Sounds like "harmony". Read for nothing. "raw thorns." "It hurts to poke the bottom of your nails."

Stab 3 ts? Ei2 13. It sounds like "red". Read for nothing. "Knitted cashmere sweater." "Stab the sole." "gill net."

Flocculation 1 s? 42。 Sounds like "four" reading. "Cotton wool."

Flocculation ②sei33. Sounds like "West". Read for nothing. "The sky is full of melons."

With 1 z? 3 1。 Sounds like you. Reading. "Follow."

Use ②zei3 1. Sound like "qi" Read for nothing. "Whatever." "Whatever."

9. Why is the pronunciation of "South" in "Southeast and Northwest" different from that of "South without Amitabha"?

A: Some words have/? /,the white vowel is /a/. For example:

South 1 n? 3 1。 Sounds like "male" Reading. "North and South."

South ②na33. Sounds like milk. Read for nothing. "There is no Amitabha in the south."

Trip 1 b? 35。 Sounds like "companion" reading. "stumbling block."

Trip ②ba42. Sounds like "bye-bye" for nothing. "Kick your foot."

1 d？ 2 13。 Sounds like a segment. Reading. Merge. "Both accounts count."

Stack ②ta2 13. Sounds like "beat" Read for nothing. Lots of words. "Mouth and tongue."

Fans 1 p? 33。 Sounds like "Pan". Reading. "Panyu."

Fan ②fa33. Sounds like "turn" Read for nothing. "Tomatoes."

Fan ③fa42. Sounds like a peddler. Read for nothing. "Three transgressions and two times."

Ha 1 h? 2 13。 Sounds like "rare" tones. Reading. "Ha ha."

Ha ②ha2 13. It sounds like a "blind man" reading for nothing. "Harbin." "Frog."

Ha (3) ③ha33。 Flat sounds like "Hz" are not interesting to read. "Pug."

Go to 1 ts? 2 13。 Sound like "respect". Reading. "Aba is half the size of AMA."

Turn ②tsa2 13. Sounds like "prick". Read for nothing. "Dongou Bridge Ramp."

12, why is the word "off" different from the word "off shoes", and how to pronounce it in Wenzhou dialect?

A: The vowels of some words are oe in literary reading and ai in white reading.

De 1 t? 2 13。 Sounds like "detection". Reading. "Get rid of it." "Disengage." "This kind of rice is safe to eat and take out." "There are three in a box."

Take off 2 t? Ai2 13. It sounds like "retreat". Read for nothing. "Take off your shoes." "Take off your clothes." "Slick slipped." "Bullshit, take off your pants."

Take 1 d? 2 13。 Sounds like "out of the blue". Reading. "grab." "seize power."

Go ②dai2 13. Sounds like a team. Read for nothing. "Gambling, gambling." Wait a minute.