How much do you know about the maintenance of industrial stone in China?

How to keep its enduring stone features, enthusiasts and scientists have made active explorations for this, and the methods of protecting and maintaining stone materials have emerged. The following small series introduces the relevant knowledge of stone conservation for everyone.

Stone nursing industry is a derivative industry of stone industry. The development of stone industry and the extensive use of stone are the decisive factors for the development of stone nursing industry and the inevitable product of the development of stone industry to a certain extent.

Stone maintenance is divided into the following categories:

First of all, according to the type of stone for maintenance.

Commonly used stones are mainly divided into natural stones and artificial stones. Natural stone is divided into marble, limestone and granite.

1, marble. Its main components are calcite and calcium carbonate, and its Mohs hardness is about 4.5. Soft quality, acid and alkali resistance, poor weather resistance. Easy to absorb oil, water and other liquids, easy to be scratched. The best protection of polished marble is to use permeable waterproof and oil-proof protective agent for pre-protection before marble is put into use. Regular cleaning with neutral detergent is not allowed.

2. limestone. Its main component is calcite, which is soft in texture, easy to absorb oil and other aqueous liquids, easy to be scratched and corroded by acidic substances, and more susceptible to pollution than marble. Most limestone is porous and absorbent. Some limestones are semi-metamorphic rocks with the same physical properties as metamorphic marble. It can be used to pave the road. It is suggested that the limestone surface should be cleaned with neutral cleaning agent regularly after being treated with osmotic protective agent.

3. granite. Mohs hardness is about 6.5, and it is mainly composed of quartz (35%), feldspar (45%) and potassium, and its color is usually dark. Some of them also contain very small amounts of calcite. Granite has strong acid and alkali resistance and wind resistance because of its high hardness. However, it also has pores on its surface, which is highly absorbent and will be polluted. It is suggested that osmotic protectant should be used for pretreatment first, and neutral or weakly acidic cleaning agent should be used for daily cleaning.

4. Artificial stone is made of 7m natural logs with different specifications as aggregate and organic (resin) or inorganic (cement) polymer materials. Made of scientific formula, the average bending strength is not lower than.

5.OMPA。 The minimum value of a single block shall not be less than 4OMPa, which is suitable for floors, cooktops, etc. Neutral or weakly alkaline cleaners can be used for daily maintenance.

Second, according to the type of surface treatment for maintenance

1, grindstone polishing surface (rough grinding surface), smooth appearance: dull and porous, usually used on the ground where people often walk, and should be protected with protective agent first. It can effectively avoid common stone lesions such as rust spots, dry water spots, cold alkali, yellow spitting and so on in the future.

2. Polished surface: the surface is smooth and shiny with fine pores. It should be treated with permeable protective agent, and then coated with a layer of protective agent with breathable surface to avoid gloss wear in the future. Once the gloss of the polished surface is worn, such as the surface is dull or even cracked, a professional stone maintenance company should be selected in time for polishing.

3. Burning surface: When the right material is heated at high temperature, the crystal bursts to form a rough surface, which is porous, rough and full of cracks. It is easy to absorb liquid, so it needs to be pre-protected with protective agent to make up for the shortcomings of large water absorption and easy pollution. At the same time, we should pay attention to avoid pollution sources.

There are many high-density stones such as granite among the burnt stones. Pay attention to the roughness and texture of its surface during maintenance, and try to use permeable protective agents, cleaning agents and tools to clean the dust and dirt in the cracks.

Third, maintain according to the color of the stone.

Stone is composed of different natural minerals, which have different crystallization characteristics and different characteristics show different colors. When the crystal encounters changes in temperature and pressure, the color of the stone will also change.

For dark stone, the surface dirt is not obvious. If improper cleaning agents (such as acid corrosion) are used, the color of stone may change. The use of unclean solutions or compounds that are not suitable for stone maintenance, or even sunlight exposure, may make the natural bright color of stone (especially black anorthite) dim. Black or dark stones are more prone to scratches than white stones because the color of scratches is white. If there are scratches, choose a professional stone maintenance company to polish them in time.

On the contrary, the maintenance of light-colored stone requires extra care and care. Generally speaking, infiltration protection should be done before installation, and neutral or weakly alkaline stone cleaner should be used for future maintenance.

White marble is very sensitive to iron, especially iron oxide-the stone contains iron, which will easily cause changes in the stone over time. The use of hard water during cleaning is also a potential factor for iron oxide production, so soft water should be used as much as possible during cleaning.

Four, according to the hardness of stone curing.

When laying stones on the ground, wear factors should be considered, so hardness becomes very important. The greater the Shi Cun hardness, the better the wear resistance. When people are walking or under mechanical pressure, the surface of all materials will show signs of friction sooner or later.

For hard stone, such as granite, because of its high density and low water absorption, a protective agent with good permeability should be used for protection, usually once. When removing special pollution, weakly acidic, alkaline or neutral cleaning agents can be selected as needed. The surface gloss of hard stone is long-lasting, but there are cracks (such as chicken feet) and loss of light on the surface, so we should choose a professional stone maintenance company to polish it in time. Stones with low hardness (such as Dali and limestone) have high water absorption, so it is best to protect them twice when using protective agents. Moreover, the surface gloss duration of this kind of stone is shorter than that of granite, and it is easy to produce stone diseases such as cavities, micropores and cracks, but polishing treatment saves a lot of manpower and material resources than granite and other hard stones.

Five, according to the stone curing agent product classification

There are many kinds of stone curing agents, and there are many different classifications:

According to the solute composition, it can be divided into methyl silicate, acrylic waterproofing agent, silicone-acrylic protectant (mainly composed of acrylic resin and silicone), silicone protectant (mainly composed of pure organosilicon compounds, such as silane and siloxane) and silicon fluoride (mainly composed of compounds of silicone and fluorine).

According to the function, it can be divided into: breathable type (like human skin, it has the function of breathing, and pollutants from the external environment can't penetrate into the stone, but gaseous moisture at the internal and external interfaces of the stone can freely enter and exit) and sealed type (with the function of sealing).

According to the protective effect, it can be divided into waterproof F, which can prevent water and water-based pollutants from infiltrating into stone without forming obvious water drops, and can be mixed into cement mortar to enhance adhesion, hydrophobic F, which can prevent solid, liquid, vaporous water and water-based pollutants from infiltrating into stone, and oil-proof F, which can prevent water and oil-based pollutants from infiltrating into the internal interface of stone, and can also be waterproof.

According to the solvent state, it can be divided into: water-based (using water as dispersion medium), oily (using organic solvent as dispersion medium) and emulsion type. Paste. Powder.

According to the mechanism of action, it can be divided into two types: osmotic type and surface film-forming type.

According to the purpose, it can be divided into: surface protectant (used for surface protection of stone), bottom protectant (used for bottom protection of wet bonded building stone) and six-sided total care agent.

According to the decorative effect, it can be divided into: brightening type (which can deepen the color of stone), brightening type (which can increase the luster of stone) and primary color type (which can keep the primary color of stone).

From the development stage of stone curing agent, it has gone through several stages. The first generation is wax, the second generation is acrylic resin, the third generation is silicone-acrylic composite of acrylic resin and silicone, the fourth generation is methyl silicate, and the fifth generation is pure silicone composite.