What is fluffy saline soil?

The land area of the seventh agricultural division entered the reclamation area from 1950, and it was continuously expanded while planning reclamation. From 65438 to 0960, there were 36 farms under the jurisdiction of the division. 1962, Jingbo reclamation area was placed under the fifth agricultural division; 1969, ta' e reclamation area (the third management office) was placed under the ninth agricultural division; 1975 the organizational system of the seventh agricultural division was abolished, and the Xiayedi reclamation area (formerly the first management office) was placed in Shihezi area. The remaining 10 regimental farms (mostly the former Second Management Institute) were first placed under the jurisdiction of the local government, and then the Kuitun Reclamation Bureau was established. 1982, the seventh agricultural division resumed on the basis of the general administration of land reclamation, and the land area was basically stable.

1990, the land area was 5898.438+07 square kilometers, or 88460 mu.

Section 1 Land Distribution

The land of the whole division is distributed in seven counties and cities of three prefectures (cities) in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

I. Land in Wusu County

123, 124, 125, 126, 127, No.2 Water Conservancy Institute, Hongshan Coal Mine, a small part of 128,/Kloc-0.

Second, the land of Buksaier Mongolian Autonomous County

Most of the land of the 137 regiment is in the territory of the Hoboksar Mongolian Autonomous County, with an area of 764,654 mu.

Three. Emin county land

137 part of the land of Tuanmuying is in emin county. There are 5803 12 mu.

Four. Jinghe county land

124 a small part of the land in the Tianshan pastoral area is in Jinghe county, covering an area of 624 10 mu.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) land in Shawan county

130 group has a small amount of land in Shawan county, with an area of 2 1.899 mu.

The intransitive verb Karamay land

Most of the 129 and 130 regiments and part of the land of 128 and 137 regiments are in Karamay, accounting for 2,074,436 mu.

Seven. Kuytun land

Division headquarters, 13 1 regiment, No.1 water conservancy division, agricultural research institute, paper mill and cotton mill are located in Kuitun city, with a land area of 14 18777 mu.

Section 2 Land Use

After the troops entered the reclamation area, the wasteland became cultivated land, followed by water conservancy construction and afforestation. The area of cultivated land has been expanding, and it tends to be stable in the 1960s. There are many Gobi wasteland in the planning area, and grassland and unused land account for a large proportion.

I. Cultivated land

1990 covers an area of 1429929 mu, accounting for 14.9% of the total land area. There are no paddy fields, all of which are irrigated land in dry land, including: vegetable land 149 17 mu, leisure land 14565438 mu. According to 1983 soil survey, the cultivated land area of each regiment is * * * *140442 l mu, and nearly 200,000 mu is abandoned. Among the ten agricultural reclamation farms, Yisan0 has the largest cultivated land area,1.990,265,698 mu. It accounts for 18.6% of the total cultivated land area. The 13 1 regiment with the smallest cultivated land area is only 80945 mu, accounting for 5.7% of the total cultivated land.

Second, the garden

It covers an area of 34,489 mu, accounting for 0.4% of the total land. All the orchards are orchards except 1 199 mu. Among them, there are 4362 mu of vineyards, 23267 mu of apple orchards, 7 1 mu of pears, and others are plums, peaches, apricots and strawberries. 123 group orchard was planted early, with the largest area of 742 1 mu, accounting for 23.2% of the total orchard. Among them, the area of apples alone reached 6998 mu, accounting for 20.3% of the total area of the division. It is a famous commodity winter apple production base in northern Xinjiang, and the group is also the largest hop production area in the whole division, with an area of 828 mu, accounting for 69. 1% of hops in the whole division.

Three. Woodland.

The area is 3 120 14 mu, accounting for 3.5% of the total land. Among them, natural forest, shrub forest and sparse forest land are 479,865,438+0 mu, 65,438+0,865,438+0,028 mu, 65,438+0,2454 mu and * * * 23,220 mu respectively. There are 463.70 mu of artificial forest land (including 405 mu of timber forest, 44,690 mu of shelter forest and economic shrub forest 1.275 mu), 22,969 mu of uncultivated afforestation land, 263 mu of private plots, 949 mu of nursery, and * * * 7055 1 mu.

Natural forests account for 77.4% of the forest land, of which 13 1 regiment has the largest forest area of 24,822 mu, accounting for 5 1.7% of the total forest area of the whole division. Followed by 137 group 160 13 mu, accounting for 33.3%, 124 group 7 146 mu, accounting for 15.0%. Natural shrubs are also the most in the 13 1 group, with an area of 1 12296 mu, accounting for 60.0% of the shrubs in the whole division. The largest number of artificial shelterbelts is 128 regiment, with an area of 66 14 mu, accounting for 14.8% of the total shelterbelt area.

Fourth, grazing grasslands.

The total grassland area of the whole division is 2388204 mu, accounting for 27.0% of the total land. Among them: 754 mu of improved grassland, accounting for only 0.03% of grassland, and the rest are natural grassland. There are only three regiments in the pasture, the largest one is 1334568 mu, accounting for 55.9% of the whole division's pasture, and the second one is 882650 mu, accounting for 37. O%%, the third is 170232 mu, accounting for only 7. 1%.

Five, towns, villages and industrial and mining land

The land for the whole division, company and industrial and mining areas is 134 100 mu, accounting for 1.5% of the total land. In which: Kuitun City 17 14 mu (excluding teachers and their subordinate enterprises and institutions); Established towns (referring to the natural towns of the regimental headquarters, except forNo. 13 1 regimental headquarters in Kuitun City) 2 1.636 mu; Village (referring to the company headquarters) 9 1578 mu. The largest natural town in regimental headquarters is 3,844 mu in 129 regiment, followed by 3 15 1 mu in 125 regiment, and the smallest area in regimental headquarters is only 1463 mu. However, the largest area occupied by independent industrial and mining enterprises is 10'7 10 mu, followed by 1543 mu. The smallest is 125 regiment, with only 22 mu. The largest area in the village is 123 regiment 17582 mu, followed by 130 regiment1397 mu, and the second water conservancy is 798 mu.

Intransitive verb traffic land

The traffic land of the whole division is 56,804 mu, accounting for 0.64% of the total land. In which: 2695 mu of railway (mainly 13 1 regiment 1596 mu, followed by 124 regiment with 774 mu). There are 6,592 mu of county roads, 8,678 mu of township roads, 38,070 mu of township roads and 2,757 mu of oil pipes.

Seven. Waters

The total water area in the zone is 337,234 mu. It accounts for 3.8% of the total land. In which: river water is 2900 mu, lake water 175 mu, reservoir water is 73823 mu, pit water 1234 mu, reed land is 284 19 mu, tidal flat 16500 mu, ditches are 202836 mu, and hydraulic structures are 20248 mu. The largest river area is 137 regiment, 1040 mu; The largest water surface in the pit pond is 130 mass of 5,286 mu, accounting for 18.3%. The largest area of reed field is124th regiment,1174 mu, accounting for 39.3% of the total area of reed field, followed by 9459 mu of water conservancy group II, accounting for 19.3%,1.

Eight, unused land

The unused land of the whole division is ***4 144486 mu, accounting for 48.26% of the total land. Among them: 3287505 mu of wasteland (mostly cultivated land), saline-alkali land 148729 mu, sandy land 640906 mu, bare rock gravel land 7344 mu, marshland 19 1 mu and others 598 1l mu. The largest land reserve is 765,626 mu of 13 1 group, accounting for 18.5% of the total unused land of the division and 65.5% of13/group land.

Land use table of agricultural seventh division

Unit: mu

unit

Land manager

zone

plough

field

woodland

lawn

Towns, villages and

Industrial and mining land

traffic

Land use

waters

otiose

Land use

General plan

8847260

1429929

34489

3 120 14

2388204

134 100

56804

337234

4 144486

Yi er San Tuan

3439 17

17 1588

80 15

2 1468

1 1693

5009

192 17

106927

A Si Er regiment

14 19808

1289 12

3432

15087

883404

1232 1

5975

32845

337832

Yi er Wu Tuan

707 176

186205

1968

13827

15280

6306

5024 1

433349

Yi er Liu Tuan

304 188

13 1269

4233

25493

12664

3 156

12590

1 1 6789

Yi er qi Tuan

29 1303

130958

3938

14994

1 1 175

36 13

1245 1

1 14 172

Yi' erbatuan

85005 1

144300

2687

26893

12 138

7887

22840

633306

Yi er JIU Tuan

809746

143028

2238

2 14 10

10 172

5574

15 134

6 12 190

Yi San 0 Tuan

846687

265698

2957

' 19740

16690

7623

36372

497607

Yi San yituan

1 169770

80945

305 1

1 16593

170232

9803

7225

16295

765626

137 group

1583306

254 17

666

30259

1334568

5675

2098

1 1564

17306l

Water conservancy yichu

2202 1 6

6800

170

545

880

1076

24 144

1866 10

Chu Er water conservancy

2645 16

1 1800

1l 5

4700

1800

892

8 1950

163259

institute of agricultural sciences

5932

'205 1

876

689

253

135

4 16

l 5 12

paper mill

2072

432

14

70

20

1096

440

Hongshan coal mine

18574

526

143

304

15486

2 15

29

182 1

Section III Soil Types

According to the second national soil survey (1979 ~ 1983), the soil in the division area is divided into 10 soil types, 19 subcategories, 34 soil genera and 68 soil species.

I. Tidal soil

There are 1 subclass, 2 soil genera and 9 soil species. It is an agricultural soil developed from grey desert soil through artificial cultivation, irrigation, fertilization, wetting and ripening, and it is the largest soil type in cultivated land. The whole area is 692,400 mu, accounting for 12.04% of the total soil survey area (5,783,800 mu). Distributed in the alluvial plain of Kuitun River Basin, the groundwater is highly mineralized, with an average of 17.24 g/L, and the soil is generally salinized, belonging to salinized fluvo-aquic soil subclass and divided into two soil genera:

(1) Sulfated fluvo-aquic soil in alluvial plain is distributed in cultivated land, covering an area of 682,000 mu. It accounts for 1 1.86% of the total survey area. Among them, there are 643,400 mu of lightly salinized, moderately salinized and severely salinized fluvo-aquic soil in sulfate soil, accounting for 94.4% of the soil genus; The rest are four kinds of fluvo-aquic soil with mild, moderate and severe salinization of bottom sand and severe salinization of surface sand. Sulfate fluvo-aquic soil is characterized by frost or flaky spots on its surface. Moderately strong saline fluvo-aquic soil often has a mixed layer of loose saline soil with relatively high salt content. The salt content of F soil in this layer is low, and obvious salt crystals are often precipitated below 60 ~ 80 meters. This kind of fluvo-aquic soil is mostly grayish brown, and its organic matter content is below 1 9/5. Only part of the cultivated layer developed on the meadow grey desert soil is grayish brown, and the organic matter content is 0.8 ~ 1.3%. The soil texture is mostly medium. The adaptability is wide, but the threat of secondary salinization is serious.

(2) The sodic fluvo-aquic soil in the alluvial plain is mainly distributed in the marginal zone connected with the desert in the lower reaches of the flood plain of Kuitun River, and the 129 Company 7 Company,1Company and1Company 3 Company are located 65km north of Duke Highway. The area is 10378 mu, accounting for 0. 18% of the total soil survey area. This kind of soil belongs to only two kinds of fluvo-aquic soil: mild salinization and moderate salinization. The total alkalinity of the soil is 1 ~ 2.5 meq/100g soil, and the pH is >: 9. The average content of organic matter is 0.47%, and the soil structure and permeability are poor. Muddy puddles often form in low-lying areas of the surface after rain, and become flaky and cracked after drying. There is mushy mud under the topsoil and rust-colored striped oxide layer at the bottom. The ability of soil to supply water, fertilizer, gas and heat is very poor, the fertility is extremely low, the soil is cold, and crops are difficult to emerge. The grain yield for many years is only about 100 kg, which is a low-yield soil that needs external soil mixed with sand, freezing injury in autumn, and large amount of fertilization to have economic benefits.

Second, meadow soil

There are 5 subclasses, 1 1 soil genus and 34 soil species. The area is 9 15570 mu, accounting for 15.7 l% of the total soil survey area. Except for the 129 regiment, the other nine regiments are distributed, mainly in the alluvial fan edge, flood plain, delta and the area where the groundwater level is L ~ 3m. '

Meadow soil is water-borne soil which is directly infiltrated by groundwater and developed under meadow vegetation. Reed, seashore grass, Achnatherum splendens, bitter

Beans, licorice, camel thorns and shrubs are lush. The coverage rate is generally above 30%. The soil profile features are divided into three layers: the grass layer on the soil surface, the brown-gray or dark-gray humus layer (about 20 ~ 40 cm thick) and the redox layer containing rust spots. The organic matter content in the topsoil is 1 ~ 7%.

Meadow soil can be divided into five subcategories: meadow soil, dark meadow soil and salinization, forest and desert meadow soil. There are three kinds of irrigated meadow soil in Xiagu, lakeside and fan edge, two kinds of sulfated meadow soil in farming and non-irrigation, two kinds of irrigated meadow soil in alluvial plain and river valley, and irrigated desert meadow soil and desert meadow soil. The largest area is forest-shrub meadow soil, accounting for 10.78% of the total investigated soil area, especially the lightly salinized forest-shrub meadow soil in the plain, accounting for 44180,000 mu and 48.2% of the meadow soil area. Only in the lakeside plain of Lake Aleck in the south of 137 regiment, irrigated meadow soil around the lake is distributed. Humus layer is deep, generally up to 30-50 cm. The average content of organic matter in topsoil is 2.0 1%, groundwater is 2-2.5m, and salinity is1.1-17.7g/.

The most fertile soil in the whole division is dark meadow soil irrigated by fan, which is distributed in the fan-side zone of 13 1 group and around Dongwei Lake swamp, with an area of 1 1458 mu, accounting for 0. 19% of the total soil area. The surface vegetation is dense, with a total coverage rate of 70-80%. The thickness of humus layer is 40 ~ 50 cm, and the average organic matter content is 4.08%, and the highest is 7%. The soil aggregate structure is good and the nutrient content is rich, which is suitable for planting various crops. The groundwater level is1~ 3m, and the salinity is1~ 2g/L. Neutral pH can be used as soil for potted flowers.

The thinnest meadow soil is salinized desert meadow soil, covering an area of 8466 mu. It is distributed in the northeast of 137 regiment, and the groundwater level is below 5 meters. The upper soil has a thin honeycomb crust, and the vegetation coverage is about 50%, mainly red willow. With a small amount of reed, the grass layer disappears, and the humus layer is obvious. The average organic matter content is 65438 0.9%, and the salt content of the bottom soil is higher than that of the top soil, often 60.

Third, swamp soil "

Subclass, genus, species and subclass are the same. The area is 57,320 mu, accounting for 1.0% of the total census area. It is distributed in the edge of alluvial fan with poor drainage and the low-lying area of spring flood zone on the shore of Ailan Lake. Humidity-loving vegetation is dense. After reclamation, there are many reeds in the field, and the characteristics of soil cutting surface mainly have two levels. The upper layer is dark brown humus layer or yellowish brown peat layer, and the F layer is blue-gray or blue-gray latent layer. The thickness of humus layer or peat layer is generally ten to dozens of centimeters, or more than l meters. The content of organic matter is generally 4- 15% or as high as 40%. The hidden layer contains low-priced compounds of iron and manganese, which are mostly blocky structures with poor permeability.

Swamp soil can be divided into two subcategories: peat swamp soil and salinized swamp soil. The former is distributed in the low-lying areas of 13 1 Tuan and Company 4. Reed F often accumulates water, and the groundwater level is above L meters. Peat layer with a depth of 0 ~ 4 1 cm and rotten root layer with a depth of 4 1 cm ~ 1 m are elastic, with a bulk density of 0.4 ~ 0.5 g/cm3 and an organic matter content of 40 ~ 50%, showing an acidic reaction. The soil is light, granular, with medium porosity, and the subsurface layer is below 60 cm. The soil is cold, and only a little higher ground has sporadic cultivated land. Salinized swamp soil covers an area of 49,700 mu. Mainly distributed in 137 regiment and Silian Island Lake. 1982, Baiyang reservoir was cut off and Ailan Lake dried up. Water-loving plants are dead. There is a strong salt accumulation along the shore of Ailan Lake, which makes the average salt content of 0 ~ 20 and 0 ~ 100 cm soil layers 2 ~ 3% and 1. 19% respectively. There is white salt powder on the surface, reeds are short and sparse, and red willows are sparse. 0 ~ 30 cm soil layer is purplish brown medium soil, and 30 ~ 60 cm peat layer is acidic. The average organic matter is 9.9%, and some are as high as 15.5%. If the groundwater level is reduced from above 1 m to below 1.5 m through drainage, the Cheng Liangtian can be developed through deep ploughing and solar freezing.

Fourthly, saline soil,

There are 2 subclasses, 8 genera and species. The area is 1738453 mu, accounting for 30% of the total soil area. It is the largest and most widely distributed soil in the whole division. Except for residential areas, all regimental farms are distributed in alluvial plain areas. The important feature of saline soil is scholar.

The salt content in the body is heavy, with salt crystals in the whole profile and strong salt surface aggregation. The topsoil is a mixed layer of salt crust or fluffy saline soil, with a salt content of 3 ~ 2 1%. Generally, the salt content below 20 ~ 30 cm is low. Lime in soil reacts strongly. The PH value is high, mostly 7.8 ~ 9. Chloride-sulfate is the most common salt component in saline soil, followed by sulfate-chloride. Pure sulfate and pure chloride saline soil are rare. Soda content is generally low, except for a small amount of alkaline earth at 72 ~ 73km of Tuanduke Highway in 128, there is no alkaline earth in the whole division. The groundwater level in saline soil area is mostly in L ~ 3 meters, 3 ~ 5 meters high, and the salt content is 3 ~ 75.5 g/L, which is generally 5 ~ 30 g/L. Its chemical composition is related to the soil salt composition, and so. . CLNA+ type is dominant, followed by cl ~- 1 1.NA+ type.

Saline soil can be divided into two subcategories: saline soil (common) and meadow saline soil.

(1) The sub-category area of saline soil is 1 1868 12 mu, accounting for 20.53% of the total survey area, which is distributed in the periphery of alluvial plain cultivated land area. The groundwater level is 2 ~ 5m, the salinity is10 ~ 50g/L. The soil is dry, the salt accumulation capacity of the surface soil is weak, the salt shell or gray fluffy layer is very thin, and the vegetation is mainly willow, Haloxylon ammodendron and Pipa wood. Salt crystals are obvious on the profile, lacking humus layer and redox layer, and the average organic matter content is 0.95%. This subclass is divided into sulfate soil, sulfate chloride saline soil, chloride sulfate soil and chloride saline soil. Among them, the second and third types of mixed saline soil * * * 1094700 mu, accounting for 92.2% of the saline soil area. Sulfate-dominated chloride sulfate soil and sulfate soil have a layer of white salt frost on their surfaces, while chloride salt soil and sulfate fluoride salt soil have dark (black) salt crust or white salt frost on their surfaces, so the former is often called self-alkaline soil, while the latter is called black alkaline soil or flower alkaline soil.

(2) The saline soil area of grass clippings is 55 164 1 mu, accounting for 9.47% of the total soil area. Mainly distributed at the edge of alluvial fan, river bank and downstream of spring ditch. The groundwater level is L ~ 3m, and the salinity 1 ~ 75.5g/kg. The topsoil has strong salt accumulation, and the salt content is generally above 4%, and the highest is 2 1.9%. The salt content of 0 ~ 30 cm soil layer accounts for 40 ~ 60% of the total salt content of 0 ~ 100 cm. This soil meadow has obvious characteristics. The vegetation is mainly fat girl, red willow and Haloxylon ammodendron, with dark humus layer, and the average organic matter content is 2. 1%. There is a chlorinated reduction layer with rust spots in the heart soil. There is a small amount of Alpinia officinarum in some subsoil. Meadow saline soil has lighter salt content and higher nutrient content than ordinary saline soil. If the drainage is good, it can be improved into forest land, and the effect of planting trees by ditching is better. Meadow saline soil is divided into sulfate meadow saline soil, chloride sulfate meadow saline soil, sulfate chloride meadow saline soil and chloride meadow saline soil. Among them, the second and third types of mixed saline soil have the largest area, accounting for * * * 426,000 mu, accounting for 35.9% of the saline soil area.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) gray desert soil

There are 4 subclasses, 5 genera and 9 species. It is the dominant soil for the development of temperate continental desert climate, which is widely distributed in the middle and lower parts of flood alluvial plain of 9 regiments except 137 regiments in Kuitun River Basin. The area is 1038600 mu, accounting for 17.9% of the total soil survey area. There is an obvious desert landscape on its surface-the xerophytic vegetation dominated by buttercup and Artemisia is sparse, with coverage of 10-30%, and there are many rat holes and small clods under the bushes. The main features of this soil are: black lichen and polygonal cracks on the surface; the topsoil is 2 ~ 3cm dry porous desert crust; the lower layer is 1 ~ 2cm thick flaky crust; the lower layer is brownish gray flaky layer with weak humus accumulation; the organic matter content in 0 ~ 20cm is 0.48 ~ 1.45%. The salinization of C/N8- 1 10 varies from place to place, and its maximum salt-bearing layer is often in the core soil or subsoil below 20 ~ 30 cm. The lime reaction of profiles is strong. When the PH value is 8.4 ~ 9.5, the pH value of alkaline grey desert soil can be as high as 10.5.

Grey desert soil can be divided into four subcategories: ordinary grey desert soil, salinized grey desert soil, alkalized grey desert soil and meadow grey desert soil.

(1) The subcategory area of grey desert soil is 140238 mu, accounting for 2.43% of the total soil area. It is mainly distributed in the middle and lower parts of the alluvial fans of Kuitun River and Gurtu River, with an altitude of 460 ~ 590 meters. The groundwater level is above 10 meter, and the bottom is generally a gravel layer, which is fine.

The thickness of soil increases with the decrease of altitude. The whole land is dry, and the vegetation is xerophyte, mainly Artemisia layer, with coverage of about 10% and organic matter content of 0.57%. The irrigation conditions are excellent, and most of them have been reclaimed as cultivated land. After artificial cultivation and fertilization, soil fertility has been significantly improved. Soil is divided into fan-shaped irrigated grey desert soil and fan-shaped sandy grey desert soil. The former covers an area of 64,800 mu, and is distributed in the lower part of 124, 13 1 group alluvial fans, mostly in salinized desert. After artificial cultivation, irrigation and fertilization, the surface salt layer disappeared, the topsoil changed from gray to dark gray, and the organic matter content increased greatly, with an average of 1. 10%. Texture structure is related to small and medium-sized topography. The topsoil in the upper part of the sector is mainly sandy soil-light soil, and a thick sand layer appears in the core soil or subsoil; The lower part of the fan is dominated by middle-earth and light soil, and the sand layer is as thin as zero. Arranged by area, soil can be divided into five types: bottom sand, geology, loam, viscosity, surface viscosity and sandy. Generally, it has good arable property and wide adaptability, but it lacks nitrogen and phosphorus and has low fertility. As long as scientific fertilization is improved, it is the main production base of grain, cotton, fruits and vegetables in reclamation area. Fan-shaped sandy gray desert soil, covering an area of 75,400 mu. Distributed on both sides of Wuyi Highway in the middle of the fan-shaped land. Kuitun City and 13 1 Tuan are between the north side of Wuyi Highway and the railway. The surface is gravel, the texture is mainly sandy soil-light soil, the soil layer is 30-50 cm, and the gravel layer is below. To the north, the soil layer gradually thickens, the thickness near the cultivated land is more than one meter, and the texture is mostly light soil-middle soil, generally with sand interlayer. The organic matter content of topsoil is 0.57 ~ 0.86%, the average nitrogen content is 0.44%, and the C/N ratio is 8.5 ~ 12. The degree of salinization is extremely light, but it is not suitable for agriculture because of its high terrain, steep slope and difficult water diversion. Grapes and trees can be planted in the ditch at the lower edge of the fan, most of which are suitable for grazing.

(2) Meadow grey desert soil Meadow grey desert soil is distributed near the junction of Kuitun River alluvial plain and alluvial fan at the southern foot of Gaer-1 Mountain: -A group and the north of 123 group. It is the lowest altitude in the whole division and the farthest place from the irrigation water source. Generally, there is white frost or thin salt skin on the surface. Vegetation includes red willow, pipa and Haloxylon ammodendron. The coverage rate is around 40%. Topsoil is brownish-gray middle soil, with organic matter content of 0.8 ~ 1.4%. The light soil in the middle and lower part of the profile becomes sandy soil, and the gravel is less than 1 cm, and the farther north it is, the more it is. There is a humus layer with a thickness less than 15 cm below 30 cm. Rust spots are obvious on the subsoil, and the organic matter content is 0. 15 ~ 0.26%. 1.5 meters below. The distribution of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in low fertility soil is the same as that of organic matter, and the surface soil is rich, and the lower it goes, the less it is.

(3) Before reclamation, the salinized gray desert soil was the largest and most widely distributed soil; Since 1950s, under the conditions of artificial irrigation and fertilization, part of it has matured into fluvo-aquic soil, while the other part has developed into saline soil due to excessive irrigation and salt return, leaving 6539 12 mu, accounting for 1 1.3% of the total soil area. Mainly distributed in the southeast of 13 1 regiment, the north of 126 regiment and 127 regiment, and the east of 128 regiment. The landscape of this kind of soil has the characteristics of salinization and desert: the surface has gray-white salt frost or crust, the xerophytic salt-tolerant vegetation is sparse, the total coverage of Celastrus anserina, Suaeda salsa, Salix psammophila and Artemisia scoparia is 10 ~ 30%, and there are many mouse holes and small soil bags under the bushes. The soil has the characteristics of both gray desert soil and saline soil. Most of Cr-SO in honeycomb desert is replaced by fluffy saline soil mixture, and the subsoil has obvious salt crystals, the salt content is 1 ~ 2%, and the composition is Cr-SO. . Mainly. CACO. The whole body content is about 10%. The soil quality is relatively uniform, mostly light soil-middle soil, and locally heavy soil-clay or bottom sand. The natural fertility of soil is lower than that of meadow grey desert soil and higher than that of ordinary grey desert soil. Organic matter content is between 0.7 ~ 1.3%, with less nitrogen, less phosphorus and rich potassium, which is easy to improve and utilize, and is the main object of land reclamation.

(4) Alkalized grey desert soil Alkalized grey desert is distributed in the range of about 2 ~ 4 kilometers on both sides of Duke Highway, with an area of 1 18448 mu, accounting for 2% of the total soil area. The parent material of this soil is mostly alkaline loose sediments. The groundwater level is 5 ~ 10 meter, and there are few vegetation such as mugwort and pipa wood, and the coverage rate is less than lo%. There are small aeolian sandbags under the vegetation, flat ground in the middle and thin rolled skin in the low-lying area. After rain, there is turbid water on the surface, which obviously cracks after drying, and the profile development is extremely weak. The content of organic matter and nutrients is extremely low, the texture is sticky, the soil is hardened and the permeability is poor. Soil fertility is extremely low, it is difficult to improve, it is impossible to cultivate, and it is only suitable for forestry and animal husbandry.

VI. Gray-brown desert soil

A subclass, soil genus, soil species and subclass are the same. It was formed under the conditions of arid desert climate and coarse bone matrix, and distributed in the gravel Gobi area above the diluvial fan of Gultu River. The area is 169256 mu, accounting for 2.9% of the total soil area. There is a layer of black gravel on the surface, which is extremely dry and bare. There are very few false horse thieves and Haloxylon ammodendron, and the total coverage is less than 5%. The topsoil is gray-light gray gravelly sandy soil, and the bottom is light brown or yellowish brown gravelly sandy soil. Profile I is complete =f=: dry and dense, with organic matter content of 0.6%. The ability of water and fertilizer conservation is poor, thin and barren, and the development value is not great, so it is only suitable for auxiliary grassland.

Seven, aeolian sandy soil

1. subclass. It is mainly distributed on the edge of Gurbantunggut Desert in the lower reaches of alluvial plain, and there are sporadic sand dunes, sand beams and peaceful sandy land in each regiment. The area is 68,057 mu, accounting for 1.2 1% of the total soil area. This kind of soil is a potential fertile soil developed on the parent material of aeolian sandy soil. There is little vegetation, and the sand dunes and sand ridges are mainly red grass and Calligonum mongolicum; The main flat sands in the dunes are Haloxylon ammodendron, Tamarix ramosissima and spruce. The surface layer is dense sand, the profile is all sand, and the soil organic matter content is below 0.5%.

Aeolian sand in Area J: semi-fixed sand. It is divided into two soil genera:

(1) The semi-fixed aeolian sandy soil area of sand dunes is 67 148 mu, accounting for 98.7% of aeolian sandy soil. Mainly distributed in 128 regiment,

The eastern desert of 129 and 130 regiments is surrounded by sand dunes. Vegetation is scarce, with red willow, Nitraria tangutorum and wild Lycium barbarum as grass, and dwarf or creeping reeds at the foot of the mountain. The development of soil profile is not obvious, the whole soil is loose and unstructured, and the ability of water and fertilizer conservation is extremely low.

(2) After the sand dunes are leveled artificially, the loam at the bottom of the sand dunes is ploughed and fertilized to form irrigated semi-fixed aeolian sandy soil. Covers an area of 909 mu, accounting for aeolian sandy soil 1.3%. It is distributed in the north of Tuanliugou regulation canal at 125. The whole section is loose fine sand, which has poor water and fertilizer conservation ability, and the organic matter content of the surface soil is 0.57 ~ 0.68%. In spring, the soil temperature rises quickly and the seedlings emerge evenly. If melons and melons are planted in ridges and furrows, green manure such as Sophora alopecuroides should be applied to their rhizosphere holes. Ripe quickly, the melon is big, sweet and precocious, but it is vulnerable to wind, drought and premature aging.

Eight, mountain meadow soil

Subclasses, genera and species are the same. 1983 During the soil investigation, it was distributed in Tianshan Mountain and Sawuer Mountain Ranch * * * 1 10420 mu. Among them, the mountainous area above 1800 meters above sea level is 409,250 mu, accounting for 7. 1% of the total land survey area. Vegetation is dominated by solitary grass and Carex, and shrubs include Saussurea involucrata and Rosa davurica. High coverage. The organic matter content in 0 ~ 25 cm soil layer is 1 1.4 ~ 23.6%. The elastic humus layer is more than 25 cm. The lime reaction of the profile is weak, and the pH value is PH5.5-6.5. Gray-black soil, medium soil quality, granular structure, small gravel below 25 cm.

Nine, chestnut soil

Subclasses, genera and species are the same. It is distributed in the mountains and valleys between 1500 ~ 1800 meters above sea level within the division's jurisdiction. It covers an area of 65452l mu, accounting for 1 1.6% of the total soil survey area. The vegetation is dominated by shrubs or Artemisia pinnatifida, and the soil layer is about 60cm, with gravel and gravel. Organic matter content is 4 ~ 7%, and there is a layer of gray lime film on the back of gravel below humus layer.

Grey forest soil

Subclasses, genera and species are the same. The shady slope area distributed in the deep valley at an altitude of1900 ~ 2,200m is 30,398 mu, accounting for 0.8% of the total area of Puyu.

This kind of soil is developed in the semi-humid and cool climate conditions of forests and grasslands. The litter layer is very thick, mainly composed of Picea schrenkiana and fallen leaves. The humus layer is 40 ~ 50 cm thick, dark gray-brown and high in organic matter content. The soil is wet and loose, with granular structure and small gravel, and there is a lot of lime cement on the back of the gravel.