Who's Li Shizhen?

Li Shizhen (1518-1593), a native of Hushan in his later years, qi zhou, Hubei (now qi zhou Town, Qichun County, Huanggang City, Hubei Province), Han nationality, born in the 13th year of Ming Wuzong (AD 65438+), was a great physician and pharmacologist in ancient China, and consulted all previous dynasties. There have been several translations or excerpts, and one book is Hu Ling Pulse. There are also movies (starring Zhao Dan), TV series and novels of the same name.

Li Shizhen statue (painted by Jiang) Li Shizhen (1518-1593), whose word is dongbi, was born in Ming dynasty. He was born in qi zhou, Hubei (now qi zhou Town, Qichun County, Hubei).

His father Li Yanwen is a local famous doctor. Li Shizhen inherited family studies, attached importance to materia medica, was full of practical learning spirit, and was willing to learn from working people.

At the age of 38, Li Shizhen was summoned by the King of Chu in Wuchang, where he served as a "temple official" and was in charge of the affairs of the good doctor's office. Three years later, he was recommended by his wife's hospital to go to Beijing for sentencing. Thai Hospital is a medical institution specially serving the imperial court. It was messed up by some quacks at that time. Li Shizhen worked here for only one year, then resigned and returned to China. Li Shizhen consulted more than 800 books on medicine and its academic research in past dynasties, combined with his own experience and investigation, and compiled Compendium of Materia Medica for 27 years, which is a summary masterpiece of pharmacology in Ming Dynasty. It has been highly praised at home and abroad. There have been several translated versions or abridged versions, and the other is Hu Ling Pulse.

The Li family has been a doctor for generations, and his grandfather is "Dr. Zhong"; The father of Li Yanwen, the first person in yuechi county, is a local famous doctor. At that time, the status of folk doctors was very low. The Li family is often bullied by officials and gentry. Therefore, the father decided to let his second son, Li Shizhen, go to school and take exams, so that he could succeed once and get ahead. Li Shizhen was sickly since childhood, but his personality was straightforward and pure, and he disdained learning boring eight-part essay. In the nine years since 14 was admitted to the Jinshi, he went to Wuchang three times, with an average name of Sun Shan. So, he gave up his plan to be an official in the imperial examination and concentrated on studying medicine, so he asked his father for instructions and showed his determination: "Sailing against the current, my heart is stronger than stone. I hope that my father will aim high and not be afraid of difficulties until he dies. " Li Yuechi finally woke up in front of the cold facts, agreed to his son's request and taught him carefully. In a few years, Li Shizhen really became a famous doctor.

Inspired by his father, Li Shizhen realized that it was necessary to "read thousands of books", but it was more necessary to "take the Wan Li road". Therefore, he not only "accepted" but also "visited the four sides" to conduct in-depth investigations. Li Shizhen put on straw sandals, took up his medicine basket, and accompanied by his apprentice Pang Xian and his son Jian Yuan, walked a long way in Shan Ye, visiting famous doctors and scholars, looking for folk prescriptions, observing and collecting medicinal specimens.

He first interviewed in his hometown of qi zhou, and then went abroad for many times. Besides Huguang, I have been to many places in Jiangxi, Jiangsu and Anhui, and I have also been to Taihe Mountain in Zhou Jun. Lushan Mountain in Jiangxi, which is rich in medicinal materials, Sheshan Mountain, Maoshan Mountain and Niushou Mountain in Nanjing are also estimated to have his footprints. Later generations wrote a poem for this purpose, "A secluded place, exploring the flowers at the foot of the mountain", which reflected his life of trekking and interviewing everywhere. Wherever Li Shizhen went, he humbly asked all kinds of people, including herbalists, farmers, fishermen, wood cutters and hunters, and enthusiastically helped him understand all kinds of medicines. Brassica, for example, is a commonly used medicine to treat diseases, but what is it? Shennong's herbal classics are unclear, and the annotations are also unclear. Li Shizhen asked an old man who grew vegetables. Under his guidance, he inspected the real thing and realized that Brassica was actually rape. This kind of plant, planted in the first year, blooms in the second year, and its seeds can be used to extract oil. Therefore, this medicine is clearly explained in his Compendium of Materia Medica.

Chinese painting "Li Shizhen Herb Collection Map", whether in the surrounding interviews or in his own herb garden, Li Shizhen pays great attention to observing the morphology and growth of drugs.

Agkistrodon acutus, that is, Agkistrodon acutus produced by Zhou Qi, has the function of treating wind arthralgia, convulsion and tinea. Li Shizhen studied it for a long time, but at first he only observed it from the snakehead. The insider reminded him that it was caught from the mountains of Xingguo House in the south of the Yangtze River, and it was not a real viper. So what does a real viper look like? He asked a snake catcher, and the snake catcher told him that the tip of Agkistrodon acutus is highly toxic, and people who are bitten should amputate immediately, otherwise they will die of poisoning. It is very valuable because it has special effects on the treatment of the above diseases. State officials forced the masses to risk their lives to catch them in order to pay tribute to the emperor. Qi zhou is so big, in fact, only Longfeng Mountain in the north of the city has real vipers. Li Shizhen got to the bottom of it. He wanted to observe the viper with his own eyes, so he asked the snake catcher to take him to Longfeng Mountain. There is a cave, surrounded by rocks and shrubs. Heather, wrapped around shrubs, can be seen everywhere. Agkistrodon likes to eat heather leaves, so it lives in this area. Li Shizhen looked everywhere regardless of the danger. With the help of the snake catcher, I finally saw the viper with my own eyes and saw the whole process of catching and making snakes. Because of this in-depth practical investigation, he later wrote a discussion about Agkistrodon halys in Compendium of Materia Medica, which was handy, concise and accurate. It is said that the shape of the Agkistrodon is: "The dragon's head is in the tiger's mouth, with black and white flowers on the side, twenty-four Fang Shengwen, rosary spots on the abdomen, four fangs on the mouth, a Buddha's armor on the tail, one or two points long, and the intestines are like beads"; It is said that the process of catching and making Agkistrodon acutus is: "People eat its flowers and leaves on heather, so that people can find it." Sprinkle a handful of sand first, then hold it flat with a fork. If you hang it with a rope and use a knife to break the abdomen to get intestinal material, you can wash the abdomen with the back end, cover the wound, support it with a bamboo pole, bend it and tie it up. "At the same time, the difference between Agkistrodon halys and Agkistrodon halys in other places is clarified:" Those who leave the ground will not be trapped by dry eyes, and those who are elsewhere will not be trapped. "This clear description of various situations of the Viper is of course due to careful field investigation. Li Shizhen's understanding of drugs is not satisfied with a cursory investigation, but one by one, and compared with the real thing. This clarifies many specious and ambiguous drugs. In his words, it is "one by one, it is quite real" and "list all kinds of products and observe them repeatedly". In this way, after a long-term on-the-spot investigation, Li Shizhen found out many difficult problems of drugs, and completed the compilation of Compendium of Materia Medica in the fifth year of Wanli (AD 1578).

The book contains about 2 million words and 52 volumes, including 1892 kinds of drugs, 374 kinds of new drugs, more than 10000 kinds of carriers and more than 1000 pictures. It is an unprecedented pharmacological masterpiece in China. Among them, many mistakes have been corrected, and outstanding achievements have been made in many aspects such as animal and plant taxonomy, and contributions have also been made to other related disciplines (biology, chemistry, mineralogy, geology, astronomy, etc.). ); Darwin praised it as "an encyclopedia of ancient China".

Li Shizhen died in 1593 at the age of 75 (nominally 76); After his death, his body was buried in Zhulinhu Village, qi zhou Town, Qichun County, Hubei Province. Li Shizhen wrote many books in his life, including Compendium of Materia Medica, Eight Books, Hu Ling Pulse, and Graph Theory of Five Zang Organs. People all over the world will always miss this great scientist.

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biography

This article is excerpted from the biography of 187, Volume 299 of Ming History.

Li Shizhen, whose name is Dong Bi, is from Zhou Qi. Being good at reading medical books, doctors' materia medica, 365 kinds of which were handed down from Shennong, added by Hongjing, 1 14 kinds by Tang Su Gong, 120 kinds by Song Zeng, and 1558 kinds were added successively in the Qing Dynasty, which is called great preparation. But the categories are annoying, the names are mixed, or one thing is divided into two or three, or two things are mixed into one product, which is rare and strange. This is a poor man looking for rich knowledge and trouble to fill the gap. Over the past 30 years, I have read more than 800 books, and three drafts have become a book called Compendium of Materia Medica. 374 kinds of drugs were added, divided into 16, and 52 volumes were synthesized. The first label is named "Gang", and the rest are attached for the purpose of explanation. The manufacture, color, smell and indications are described in detail later. When the book is written, it is precious and sudden in court. A few days later, Zongshen wrote a letter to repair the history of this country and bought books from all directions. His son Jian Yuan presented his father's suicide note and his book, which was praised by the Emperor and ordered to be published all over the world. Scholar-officials naturally have their own books. At that time, Chu people, once a shrine and Zijian, were born in Pengxi County, Sichuan Province. [ 1]

Doctors have too many careers.

Li Shizhen Statue (painted by Cheng Shifa)1551-KLOC-0/557 During this period, the feudal emperor recruited medical officers and ordered all localities to select people with excellent medical skills to work in the Imperial Hospital, so Li Shizhen, who worked in Wuchang Chu Palace, was also recommended to Beijing.

There are many controversies about Li Shizhen's working experience in Imperial Hospital. Some people think that Li Shizhen once served as a court judge in Imperial Hospital (Grade Six), while others think that he only served as a doctor (Grade Eight). Regardless of his position, it is undeniable that Li Shizhen was recommended to North Korea. The working experience in Thai hospital may have brought great influence on his life and laid a good foundation for his creation of Compendium of Materia Medica.

During this period, Li Shizhen was very active in drug research. He often went in and out of the pharmacies and royal drug storerooms of Imperial Hospital, carefully compared and identified drug villages all over the country, and collected a lot of information. At the same time, he also had the opportunity to appreciate the rich classics collected by Wang Fu and the royal family. At the same time, he may have obtained a lot of information about folk materia medica from the imperial court at that time, and saw a lot of drug specimens that are difficult to see at ordinary times, which greatly broadened his horizons and enriched his knowledge field. Speaking of this, we must contact another famous cursive script compiled by Gong Xiu in the Ming Dynasty-Essence of Materia Medica.

In 2002, the Chinese Cultural Research Association photocopied and published Compendium of Materia Medica, which was compiled by Ming Xiaozong in Hongzhi 16 (1503) in August. Under the organization of prison eunuch Liu, there are nine editorial teams, including the governor, the chief judge, the vice president, the usurper and the procurator, including 49 copywriters and painters. After a year and a half of revision, the pharmacopoeia was compiled. According to the order of old cases in Zheng Ben Cao written by Tang Shenwei in Song Dynasty, the author divided the medicinal materials into 65,438+00 parts, including jade, grass, wood and fruit, and each part was written as top, middle and bottom products respectively. The book contains 65,438+0,865,438+05 kinds of drugs, written in Zhu Mo. There are as many as 1358 color sketches in front of the text, which is the first large-scale picture album in China.

At the same time, the editor also abandoned the mature block printing technology at that time, 14 craftsmen wrote in color, and eight court painters were responsible for drawing. After the book was completed, it was prefaced by Ming Xiaozong himself, bound into 36 volumes in the format of Yongle Dadian, and kept in Nan wooden box, which is the orthodox transcript of the Ming court. However, only two months after the book was written, Ming Xiaozong died unexpectedly, and the cause of death became a big mystery. Among the 49 editors of the original book, 12 were investigated for the murder of Emperor Xiaozong, so this Ming Dynasty Pharmacopoeia "Essence of Materia Medica" has been sealed in the palace library. Later, I don't know by what means (missionaries or British and French allied forces) it was hidden in the National Library of Rome 1877.

Li Shizhen entered Thai Hospital about 50 years ago, so it is impossible to be ignorant of the past. At this time, Ming Wuzong, who succeeded Xiao Zong, has passed away, and Ming Shizong has been emperor for more than 30 years, and may not care about the mystery of his death. So you can have a glimpse of the materia medica, sealed in the palace, and not publicized. Therefore, it is not excluded that Li Shizhen was lucky enough to see this book during his work in Tai Hospital. It is also for this reason that he intends to compile a new monograph on materia medica that can surpass this book. However, it is impossible to satisfy his ideas and realize his wishes in the working environment of the hospital. Because Li Shizhen was not as famous as Rong Lu, he didn't work long in the hospital, so he resigned and went home.

Compendium of Materia Medica

"Li Shizhen Herb Collection Map" (drawn by Wang Mingming) was in a period of time before and after Li Shizhen worked in Taiyuan Hospital. After a long period of preparation, Li Shizhen began to write Compendium of Materia Medica. In the process of writing, wearing straw sandals and carrying a medicine basket, he took his students and his son Jianyuan over mountains and mountains to seek medical advice, and traveled thousands of miles to Henan, Hebei, Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei and other vast areas, as well as Niushou Mountain, Sheshan (called Sheshan in ancient times, now Qixia Mountain), Maoshan and Taihe Mountain.

Compendium of Materia Medica consists of 16 parts, 52 volumes and about 1.9 million words. The book contains 15 18 kinds of drugs collected from various herbs, and 374 kinds of drugs are added on the basis of predecessors, accounting for 1892 kinds, including 1 195 kinds of plants; * * * Collected 1 1096 ancient pharmacists' prescriptions and folk prescriptions; There are more than 1 100 pictures of drug morphology in front of the book. This masterpiece has absorbed the essence of herbal works of past dynasties, corrected the previous mistakes as much as possible, supplemented the shortcomings, and made many important discoveries and breakthroughs. It is the most systematic, complete and scientific medical work in China up to16th century.

Facing the vast treasure house of materia medica, how to control and manipulate it has become the most critical issue. It can be said that this is one of Li Shizhen's greatest contributions. He not only solved the problem of drug method and retrieval, but also embodied his new viewpoint on plant taxonomy and valuable thought on biological evolution and development. Li Shizhen broke the 1000-year-old classification of upper, middle and lower products since Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica, and divided drugs into water, fire, soil, stone, grass, grain, lai, fruit, wood, utensils, insects, scales, vectors, birds, animals and people, with a total of 16. The proper name of each drug label is the outline, and the following items of the outline are clear. The book also systematically introduces the knowledge of various drugs. Including correction, name explanation, explanation, correction, treatment, odor, indications, inventions, appendices, attached prescriptions, etc. The history, morphology, function, prescription and other aspects of the drug were expounded in detail. In particular, "invention" is mainly Li Shizhen's new discovery and experience in drug observation, research and practical application, which enriches the knowledge of materia medica.

According to Mr. Ma's research, the artificial classification established by Li Shizhen in botany is a scientific method to classify plants with similar practicality and morphology into various types and classify them step by step. Li Shizhen classified 1000 plants according to their different economic uses, postures, habits and inclusions. It is divided into five parts (i.e. grass, orders, vegetables, fruits and grains), then into 30 categories (e.g. grass 9, wood 6, vegetables and fruits 7, orders and grains 5), and then into several categories. He not only put forward the genetic relationship between plants, but also unified the naming methods of many plants.

Cover of Compendium of Materia Medica by People's Health Publishing House In short, Li Shizhen used the method of "outline" to re-analyze and sort out all kinds of herbal medicines in past dynasties, making this nearly 2 million-word herbal masterpiece rigorous, coherent, focused and detailed. In fact, it is "broad but not complicated, meticulous and important."

Compendium of Materia Medica is a monograph on pharmacology, but it also records many contents closely related to clinic. The third and fourth volumes of the original book are "Indicating Drugs for All Diseases", with 1 13 indications. Among them, the third volume of Exogenous Internal Injury includes drugs for treating typhoid fever and cough and asthma, and the fourth volume is mainly for five senses, surgery, gynecology and pediatrics. It is clearly recorded in the original book that there are more than 20 kinds of drugs that can cure the plague: Cimicifuga foetida, Folium Artemisiae Argyi, blood wax, calcined lead, actinolite, gunpowder, Radix Isatidis, Herba Ephedrae, Radix Clematidis, Humulus Humulus, hemp, fermented soybean, zucchini, bamboo shoots, pears, pine trees, polyporus, bamboo, rock, rhinoceros and peach borer.

In addition, the Compendium of Materia Medica contains various prescriptions 1 1096, involving clinical departments, including internal medicine, surgery, gynecology, pediatrics, ent, etc. More than 2900 of them are Laos and the rest are New Zealand. The scope of treatment is mainly common and frequently-occurring diseases, and the dosage forms used are pills, powders, ointments and pills. Many prescriptions are scientific, simple and cheap, and very practical. For example, prescriptions for cough appear in various drug prescriptions, such as:

Acute lung asthma: two or two pieces of Aristolochia (peeled and covered), half two pieces of crisp (fried in a bowl with slow fire), and one or two pieces of licorice (baked) as the end. One dollar each, a glass of water, half fried, sipped or simmered.

Asthma with phlegm and cough: Zhang Yafen: five ginkgo leaves, two and a half ephedra, and two or two (fried) licorice. Water for one and a half minutes, stir-fry for eight minutes, and eat while lying down. Another store in Jinling treats asthma, ginkgo biloba and asthma soup, but people who eat it have no effect. That's where people started. Prescription: Semen Ginkgo (parched), Herba Ephedrae San Qian, Perillae Herba, Flos Farfarae, Rhizoma Pinelliae Preparata, Cortex Mori (honey-baked), Semen Armeniacae Amarum (peeled tip), Scutellariae Radix (slightly parched) and Glycyrrhrizae Radix. Water for three minutes, stir-fry for two minutes, and divide it into two parts at any time. No need for ginger.

Phlegm cough due to lung heat and obstruction of chest and diaphragm: one or two of Fructus Trichosanthis and Rhizoma Pinelliae (soaked in soup for seven times and baked) were used respectively. Ginger paste pills are as big as five pills. Take 50 capsules each time and drink ginger soup after eating.

Therefore, Compendium of Materia Medica also has high reference value in clinical treatment.

Compendium of Materia Medica has not only made great contributions to the development of pharmacology in China, but also had a far-reaching impact on the development of medicine, botany, zoology, mineralogy and chemistry in the world. After the book was published, it soon spread to Japan, and then to European and American countries. It has been translated into more than ten languages such as Japan, France, Germany, Britain, Latin, Russia and North Korea, and published abroad, covering five continents. As early as 195 1, Li Shizhen was listed as an ancient world celebrity at the World Peace Council held in Vienna. His marble statue stands on the promenade of Moscow University. It has not only made great contributions to Chinese medicine, but also greatly promoted the development of natural science in the world, and is known as "the great classic of oriental medicine". Darwin, a famous British biologist, also benefited from Compendium of Materia Medica, calling it "China Ancient Encyclopedia". Joseph Needham, a famous British expert on the history of science and technology in China, wrote in the History of Science and Technology in China: "16 century China has two great books on natural pharmacology, one is Compendium of Materia Medica at the beginning of the century (1505), and the other is Compendium of Materia Medica at the end of the century (1595).

Compendium of Materia Medica has more than one million words and records more than 800 kinds of drugs, each with pictures. It is a masterpiece of Chinese medicine books, translated into many languages and spread all over the world. Li Mingshi Zhen.

Fifty-two volumes of this book were written in the sixth year of Wanli (1578).

The book is divided into sixteen parts and sixty categories.

There are 1892 drugs in it.

For each drug, the name is determined by "explaining the name"; Ji Jie describes the origin, morphology, cultivation and collection methods; "Doubt" and "right and wrong" to verify the authenticity of drug varieties and correct the mistakes recorded in historical documents; Xiuzhi explains the method of baking; "Smell", "indication" and "invention" analyze the nature, taste and function of drugs; Attached Prescriptions collected more than 11,000 prescriptions circulated by ancient doctors and people.

There are more than 1 100 pictures of drug forms. The content is extremely rich, which systematically summarizes the pharmaceutical experience of China before16th century. It is a precious legacy of pharmacology and botany in China and plays an important role in the development of pharmacology in China.

Published in the 18th year of Wanli (1590), there are many reprints, and many foreign language versions are circulated abroad, which are valued by pharmaceutical scholars and botanists all over the world.

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Partial prescription

dew

When the autumn dew is heavy, I will collect it from flowers and plants in the early morning.

It smells sweet and non-toxic.

Indications: It can be used to decoct drugs for moistening lung and killing insects, or made into powder for external use to treat scabies and boils, which can enhance the curative effect.

Baihualu: Quench thirst.

Baihualu: It can make skin healthy.

Cypress dew and calamus dew: Washing your eyes every morning can enhance your eyesight.

Leek leaf dew: cure vitiligo. Apply it to the affected area every morning.

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Mingshui

Description: Also known as Fang Zhushui. Zhu Fang is the name of a giant clam. On the night of the moon, you can catch all the squares and store water in its shell, which is clear and pure, that is, all the squares are water.

The smell is sweet, cold and nontoxic.

Indications are used to wash eyes, remove fog, improve eyesight, and drink this water, which also has the effect of calming the nerves and relieving children's irritability.

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starch solution

Description: Also called sour pulp. After the millet is cooked, it is soaked in cold water for five or six days, and the taste becomes sour, with white flowers on the face and water as medicine. But if it is soaked to rot, the water will be harmful.

The smell is sweet, slightly warm and non-toxic.

Indications: Vomiting and diarrhea (after being decocted with dried ginger syrup), muscle soreness caused by overeating bacon, abdominal tightness (after being decocted with syrup and adding a little eagle excrement, the effect is better), finger swelling and pain (after being salted with sugar water in the affected area and cooled with water for heat exchange), facial moles (after being washed with hot syrup every night, red with cloth and rubbed with white sandalwood grinding juice), and bone loss.

The pulp can also regulate air-entraining, stimulate appetite, quench thirst, relieve boredom and sleep, regulate viscera and induce diuresis.

Laxue

Description: Adopt first frost method, sweep with chicken feathers, put in a bottle, seal and keep in a cool place. Although it turns into water, it won't go bad after a long time.

The smell is sweet, cold and nontoxic.

Indications: The preserved snow is sealed in a bottle and kept in a cool place, which will not be bad for decades. Whipping snow is good for vegetable wheat and can kill locusts. If it is used to soak grains, it will resist drought and not produce insects. If sprinkled on furniture, it can drive away flies, drown all fruits and food, and avoid insects. There are insects in spring, and snow water is perishable. Can it be used as medicine?

Snow with wax can cure all poisons. Treat epidemic febrile disease, sudden fever after drinking, and children's fever and crying. It also treats jaundice, but it should be slightly hot when taken. Washing your eyes with wax snow can make you jealous; Cooking tea and porridge can relieve fever and quench thirst; It is effective to apply prickly heat.

The novel smells fragrant, flat and non-toxic. Indications: red and white dysentery, abdominal toxic colic and bleeding. Take dry soil, boil it in water for three or five times, remove me by precipitation, and warm it for one or two liters. Loess also relieves the toxicity of various drugs. Such as botulinum toxin, capsicum toxin and wild mushroom toxin. Treating infantile black gauze convulsion (a kind of convulsion, the whole body is black). Stir-fry a bowl of loess and a cup of aged vinegar. After frying, wrap it in cloth, scald the child all over and puncture it directly. My eyes suddenly lost sight. Dissolve loess in water, and take supernatant to wash eyes. Hemorrhoids are swollen and painful. Mix pig bile with Xiangyang loess, coptis root and mirabilite, grind into mud, make jujube balls, and stuff them into anus. After a night, meatballs are discharged with the stool. When taking medicine, you need to take Wu Mei Huanglian Weier Pill orally. Fall injury. Use five liters of loess, steam it, and iron the wound in two packages in turn. Don't make the package cold, but don't be too hot to avoid scalding the skin. This side is miraculous, and it can often be saved when it is dying. Scolopes or other poisonous insects sting people. Take loess and mix it or mix it with vinegar.

Dongbitu

Description: The soil on the east wall of the old house is called the east wall soil. The smell is sweet, wet and non-toxic.

Indications:

1, sudden heartache. The aged east wall soil and dried alum are ground into powder, made into dense pills, and served with wormwood soup.

2, vomiting and diarrhea, drug poisoning, aconitine poisoning, etc. Boil the juice with the old east wall soil.

3. Endophthalmos. It is better to use the fine powder of the east wall soil to film every day and shed tears.

4, rectocele. Grinding Fructus Gleditsiae Abnormalis powder and fine powder of eastern wall soil, frying, putting into a cloth bag, and scalding anal process while it is hot.

5, prickly heat itches. Use the dry powder of the east wall soil to pounce on it.

6, ear sores and lip sores. Cover it with east wall soil and Hu Fen.

7. Flowing water. Use the soil on the kitchen wall of the old hut, grind it into powder and apply it with calomel. It will be fine in half a month.

8, all kinds of malignant sores. Divide the east wall soil and rhubarb evenly (that is, half), drop water and mix well, apply the sore surface, and wipe it when it is dry.

9, back carbuncle. Smoke the east wall soil, add yellow mud, etc. , and coated with shell powder (clam, a kind of snail, called inkstone) and east wall soil powder.

Forging furnace ash

Explanation: refers to the ash in the blacksmith's shop, which contains iron. The smell is pungent, bitter, slightly cold and non-toxic.

Indications:

1, the accident happened. Su Gong pointed out that it is effective in treating the sudden increase of caking.

2, postpartum leucorrhea. Calcined furnace ash with purple, added with sheep fat, mixed well, wrapped in cloth, heated by fire, ironed on the affected area, and pushed on.

Hu cubilose soil

Description: Hu's bird's nest soil is the soil that constitutes Hu's bird's nest on the beam. Swallows choose soil, which is sticky and fine. Swallow saliva is added to it, so it can be used as medicine. Indications:

1, wet sore (,sound melon, is a kind of scabies, often starting from both hands). After grinding, apply it with bird's nest soil. Wash the sore with light salt water soup before application, dry it and then apply the medicine.

2, yellow sores. Use one part of bird's nest soil and one part of musk, grind and apply.

3, oral ulcers. Cover with bird's nest soil.

4, bald sores (white sores, making hair bald). Shave your head first, then grind it with bird's nest and honeycomb, add sesame oil, mix well and smear it.

5, gangrene sores (born in feet, hands, shoulders, etc., as heavy as red beans). Wash the sore with hot vinegar and rice bran (rice washing water) first, and then apply it with swallow paste and 100-day boy feces.

6, wind addiction rash (small rash outside the skin). Rub water with bird's nest.

7. erysipelas in children. Coat it with swallow pulp and egg white.

8. All malignant ulcers. Use swallowtail soil and swallowtail dung inside and outside the nest, rub with oil or add yellow powder.

Tufengchao

Explanation: A nest is a thin-waisted beehive. It smells sweet and non-toxic.

Indications: 1, dystocia. Soak boiling water in a honeycomb and have a cold drink.

2, swelling and pain are like fire. Coat it with vinegar mixed with beehive. Another method: divide Radix Aconiti and Honeycomb equally. The swelling toxin disappeared before suppuration, and it was broken early when suppuration. 3. boils. Divide the burnt beehive with the burnt snakeskin and take it with the wine. One yuan for each service.

4. Laryngeal milk bee (redness and swelling on both sides of uvula). First, wipe your tongue with Broussonetia papyrifera leaves until it bleeds, then mix Soi Fon with vinegar, and dip chicken feathers in the affected area to make the sputum flow out.

5. Spiders and bees are stung. Mix chopped beehives with vinegar and smear them.

6, children vomiting and diarrhea. Moxibustion with honeycomb briquet and washing with milk sweat. One yuan for each service.

Dung beetles becomes a pill.

Commentary: dung beetles, commonly known as dung beetles. Fecal pill, also known as soil nitrate. The smell is salty, bitter, cold and non-toxic.

Indications: typhoid fever, jaundice, dysphoria, vomiting and diarrhea, neck swelling and pain (goiter) and all fistula sores.

Lakeside pulse science

Li Shizhen, the People's Military Medical Publishing House on the cover of "Linghu Pulse", felt that there were many shortcomings or even fallacies in the pulse science of traditional Chinese medicine at that time, so he compiled "Linghu Pulse" on 1564 (the forty-third year of Ming Jiajing) according to his father Li Yuechi's invention of four diagnostic methods and other pulse science theories in history.

Lakeside Veins was written by Li Shizhen in his later years, and it is called Lakeside Veins. The book "Hu Ling's Pulse Studies" extracted the essence of pulse studies before the Ming Dynasty, and included 27 kinds of pulse conditions. In the book, the main points of distinguishing the same and different pulses and the main symptoms of pulse conditions are compiled into songs for easy memory. This book is thorough in reasoning, vivid in image, easy to learn and easy to remember, and suitable for grassroots Chinese medical workers and pulse lovers to read.

The book is concise in language and clear in pulse. It not only sums up the clinical complex pulse conditions into 27 basic pulse conditions, but also writes the main contents, namely pulse conditions, similar pulse conditions identification and treatment pulse conditions, in the form of rhymes and songs, which is cheap to recite. Therefore, its books are widely circulated in the world and have always been highly praised by doctors.

"Hu Ling Pulse" is of great guiding significance to the basic theoretical research and clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine. It is actually a classic work of Chinese medicine and a great contribution of Li Shizhen to Chinese medicine.