Common grammatical errors in official documents

Official documents are an important tool for handling official business and social management. The practical function and characteristics of official documents require that their expression must be rigorous, standardized and accurate. However, in the specific writing process, there are many phenomena that violate grammatical norms. Generally speaking, the common grammatical errors in official documents are as follows.

First, improper collocation

In Chinese syntactic components, subject (head word) and predicate (head word), verb and object (head word), attribute, adverbial, complement and their head words all appear in pairs. The so-called improper collocation generally means that these collocated components cannot be semantically connected.

The effective way to win the mass line under the new situation is to establish a correct view of power, achievements and interests.

The problem in this case is that the verb and the object do not match. "An effective way to win the mass line" is an attributive verb-object phrase, in which "fight for it" and "mass line" are paired into a verb-object phrase. In terms of meaning, this collocation is unreasonable and should be changed to "an effective way to practice the mass line".

The earnest and enthusiastic attitude of the party representatives was well received by the visiting masses.

The problem in this case is that the attribute does not match the heart language. In Chinese structure, a phrase is "a group of words without sentence tone that can be semantically connected and matched layer by layer", in which semantic connection plays a decisive role. The attributive "enthusiasm" means enthusiasm, interest and willingness to do one's best, which cannot match the head word "attitude" semantically. This example can be amended as "the attitude of party representatives is earnest and enthusiastic, and they are well received by the visiting masses".

We should be good at discovering and summing up experiences and problems in our work.

In this case, multiple verbs are collocated with multiple objects, and the main problem is that the positions of verbs and objects do not correspond, which leads to improper collocation. "Experience" and "problem" can be used interchangeably, and can also be modified to "be good at finding problems in work and summing up experience".

In addition, there are some improper collocations in official documents, such as complement, form, subject and object, introduction and object.

Second, the composition is incomplete.

Incomplete syntactic components refer to the lack of syntactic components that do not meet the conditions of implication and ellipsis In Chinese, syntactic elements often appear in pairs. Generally speaking, if there is one component in this pair, the other component that matches it will definitely appear. Otherwise, the syntactic structure will be incomplete, the sentence meaning will be incorrect, and even the sentence will not be established.

Cadres who have not visited the masses and enterprises enough times will be deducted bonuses, and cadres who rank lower will be interviewed as a reference for year-end rewards and punishments and cadre selection.

The subjects of "bonus to be deducted" and "to be interviewed" in the sentence are both "cadres" and "people"; The subject of "as a reference for year-end rewards and punishments and cadre selection" should be "thing", that is, a standard or record. The first two sentences are inconsistent with the objects stated in the third sentence, which leads to the lack of subject in the third sentence. Generally speaking, this example can be revised as follows: "Cadres who have not visited the masses and enterprises enough times will be deducted bonuses, and cadres who rank lower will be interviewed and recorded as a reference for year-end rewards and punishments and cadre selection."

In addition, there are some incomplete components in the official document, such as predicate, object, attribute, adverbial and complement.

Third, the composition is redundant.

Syntactic elements are redundant, which refers to elements that have appeared or should not have appeared, repeated or forced to use, resulting in illegal structure, lengthy semantics and even illogical.

This talk is closely related to the construction of work style, focusing on opposing the "four winds" and combining with the construction of people's livelihood. The talk comes straight to the point and does not shy away from the conversation.

First of all, the last sentence of this example is out of order and should be changed to "talk without avoiding problems" In this way, the subjects of "get to the point" and "don't avoid the question" are redundant, because they have appeared in the first clause as the subject of the whole sentence, which can run through all clauses and need not be repeated in subsequent clauses. In addition, "combination" and "aspect" are not properly matched. On the whole, this example can be amended as "This talk is closely related to the construction of work style, focusing on opposing the' four winds', combining with the construction of people's livelihood and other aspects, and cutting to the chase and not avoiding problems."

Example 6 The Municipal Supervision Team fully affirmed the pre-work deployment of the Party's mass line education practice activities in Southern District, and emphasized four work opinions: First, set up a work leading group and its subordinate institutions as soon as possible, and establish a responsibility system for practical activities; Second, immediately mobilize the implementation of the work, so that the "prescribed action" does not go out of shape, and the "optional action" has its own characteristics; The third is to grasp the implementation progress, strengthen communication and coordination with the municipal supervision team, and report the situation in a timely manner; Fourth, standardize and sort out information, sum up practical experience and improve the level of theory and practice.

From the meaning of the clause, the four work opinions emphasized by the municipal supervision team are what the southern district hopes to do, not what the southern district has already done. In this case, the sentence "Make sure the specified action is not out of shape and the optional action has characteristics" should be changed to "Make sure the specified action is not out of shape and the optional action has characteristics", because the auxiliary word "le" is added, which makes the unfinished action become the completed action.

In addition, there are redundant elements such as predicate, object, attribute, adverbial and complement in official documents.

Fourth, the word order is wrong.

The word order error of syntactic components refers to that some collocated syntactic components have reversed their proper word order, or put some syntactic components in the position of other syntactic components, thus making the structure illegal, semantic vague or illogical.

Example 7 The Communist Youth League Committee, the Party and Government Office, the Organization and Personnel Department, the Public Security Bureau, the Judicial Office, the Flow Control Department, the Private Association, the Health Planning Commission, the Technician College, the Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, the Southern District Hospital, the Post Office and other departments joined hands to set up 30 free booths. 100 young volunteers provided free consultation and services such as free consultation, maintenance, haircut and massage, and there were 25 in the whole region.

In this case, the sentence "25 enterprises in the region also provided nearly 490 jobs for on-site recruitment" has no logical relationship with the preceding and following sentences, which disturbs the normal word order and has problems in its own expression. In addition, this example also has the problems of semantic repetition and inappropriateness. On the whole, the whole sentence can be revised to "Communist Youth League Working Committee, Party and Government Office ... In addition, 25 enterprises in this area have also carried out on-site recruitment, providing nearly 490 jobs." (Excerpted from "Secretary")