Section 5: Chinese class 1 1 The deeds that Qi people are invited to introduce.

Yanzi, whose real name was Yan Ying (578 BC-500 BC), formerly known as Zhong Ping, also known as Yanzi and Yiwei (now Gaomi, Shandong), was a famous politician, thinker and diplomat in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Yan Ying is the son of Wei Yan, a doctor of Qi State. In the 26th year of Qi (556 BC), he died of illness, and Yan Ying succeeded to the throne as a doctor. He has served as Qi, Zhuang Gong, etc., and has been an assistant minister for more than 40 years. He is famous for his political foresight, diplomatic ability and simple style.

Yan Ying is clever, witty and eloquent. Assisting in state affairs, he advised the King of Qi many times. He is flexible and principled, and he is not humiliated when he goes abroad, thus safeguarding the national dignity and prestige of Qi. Sima Qian admired Yan Ying and compared him to Guan Zhong. Kong Qiu once praised: "Save the people without boasting, and make up for the three kings without lifting them. Yanzi is a gentleman! "

Famous deeds

First of all, in a hurry

In the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, the vassal regime was divided and wars continued. Jin, a powerful country in the Central Plains, planned to attack Qi. In order to know the situation of Qi, he sent a doctor named Zhao Fan to Qi. Qi Jinggong hosted a banquet in honor of Zhao Fan. During the dinner, the wine was hot and everyone was a little drunk. Zhao Fan said to Qi Jinggong, "Please give me a glass of wine!" Duke Jing of Jin turned and told the left and right courtiers, "Pour the wine into my cup and give it to the guests." Zhao Fan took the wine handed by the courtiers and gulped it down. Ying aside to see all this in the eye, harsh voice command courtiers way; "Throw away this wine glass and change it for your master." According to the etiquette at that time, at the banquet, the monarch and the minister should use their own wine glasses. Drinking with a glass violates this etiquette and is aligned with disrespect. Zhao Fan did this on purpose to test each other's reaction, but he was caught by Ying.

After returning to China, he reported: "Now is not the time to attack Qi. I tried to test the reaction of the ministers of Qi, and Yan Ying found out. " Zhao Fan thought that Qi had such a virtuous minister, and there was no chance to attack Qi at present, so Jin Pinggong gave up his plan to attack Qi. The story of the enemy giving up the attack through diplomatic negotiations, that is, the story of "breaking the shackles" now, is from the story of Yan Ying. Confucius praised Yan Ying's diplomatic performance and said that "a thousand miles away is not an ancient painting", which is a true portrayal of Yan Zi's strategy.

Second, Yan Zili made Chu.

When Yan Zi was sent to Chu, the king of Chu knew that Yan Zi was short, so he ordered people to open a small door next to the gate and invited Yan Zi to enter through it. Yan Zi knew that the King of Chu was going to tease him, but he refused. He said: "I didn't go to the dog hole until I got to the dog country." Now that I am an ambassador to Chu, I shouldn't go to the dog gate. " The official who entertained Yan Zi had to ask Yan Zi to enter through the gate.

Yan Zi went in to visit the King of Chu. The king of Chu deliberately asked, "Didn't anyone send it to Qi? I sent you as a special envoy. " Yan Zi replied, "Linzi, the capital of Qi State, is crowded with people. People can raise their sleeves to cover the sky; Sweating is a shower; Pedestrians in the street jostled shoulder to shoulder, toes touching heels. How can you say that there is no one in Qi? " The king of Chu then asked, "In that case, why did you send you to visit?" Yan Zi replied: "We are very particular about sending envoys to visit Qi: for smart and capable people, we will send them to countries with high morality;" For those stupid and incompetent envoys, send them to those abrasive countries. I am the most stupid and incompetent special envoy, so I was sent to Chu. " Yan Zi's words made the Chu ministers who had planned to go to Doby look at each other and remained speechless for a long time.

Third, south orange and north orange.

Yan Zi will be sent to the State of Chu. When the King of Chu heard the news, he said to the ministers around him, "Yan Ying is the most eloquent man in Qi. I want to humiliate him. What can I do? " The courtier replied, "When he comes, Your Majesty will allow us to walk past him with people tied up. The king asked, "What does he do?" I replied,' He is from Qi.' The king asked, "What crime did he commit?" (I will) answer: "(He) committed theft." "The king of Chu thought it was a coup.

Yanzi came to Chu, and the king of Chu invited Yanzi to drink. Just as he was having fun, two small officials tied a man to the king of Chu. The king of Chu asked, "What do the people who are tied up do? (Tolerance) Answer: "(He) is a Qi person and committed theft. The king of Chu looked at Yan Zi and asked, "Are Qi people good at stealing?" ? Yan Zi left her seat and replied, "I heard that the oranges in Huainan are big and sweet; Planting in Huaibei can only produce small and bitter oranges. The leaves are similar, but the fruit tastes completely different. Isn't it because the water and soil are different? By the same token, the people of Qi lived and worked in peace and contentment in Qi, and became thieves in Chu. Does Chu's soil and water make people good at stealing? King Chu said with a smile, "A saint can't joke with him, but I'm bored myself." . "

Fourth, the theory of Chu.

Yan came to the museum and was greeted by the minister of Chu. During the dinner, a heated debate was held. The doctor of the State of Chu first spoke: "Since the Taigong sealed the state, the State of Qi has boiled salt and cultivated fields, and there are tens of thousands of soldiers on the rich side, which is enough to rival the State of Chu. Why since Qi Huangong dominated the Central Plains, it has been a flash in the pan, and he can no longer lead his ministers? With Qi's vast territory, large population, strong country and Yan's intelligence, why can't the Central Plains rise again? On the contrary, it is too puzzling to form an alliance with Chu in China. "

Yan Ying replied, "Those who know the times are heroes, and those who change their minds are heroes. After the princes fell from power last week, the princes fought for years, and the five tyrants flourished in the Spring and Autumn Period. Qi dominated the Central Plains, Qin and Wei rallied in Xirong, and Chu was the king. These are all human factors, but most of them still depend on providence. Previously, with Jin Wengong's talent, he fled in all directions; After Qin Mugong dominated Xirong, the civil and military affairs flourished, and his descendants were weak after his death, and he could no longer shake the glory of the past; Even you, Chu, have been harassed and ravaged by Wu and Jin since then. Is it only weak gas? Today, let's make a good alliance, which is only a friendly exchange between neighboring countries. As a famous minister of Chu, you should be familiar with the meaning of the word' improvise'. How can you ask such a question? "

The next doctor blushed and flinched. The doctor next to him was unconvinced and asked, "Zhong Ping, you think you are a improviser. However, since the civil strife in Qi, Qi Chen has died for you countless times, but as a noble family in Qi, you can't be an enemy of the traitors, or abandon the official position, or die for the king. Aren't you ashamed? Why do you still cling to your reputation and refuse to leave? "

Yan Ying retorted seriously: "People who do great things don't have to stick to details. People who have no long-term worries will have near worries. All I know is that when the monarch dies for his country, only the courtiers should die with him. Now, my late husband didn't die for my country. Why should I just die from my late husband? All the dead are fools, not loyal subjects. Although I have no talent, how can I seek fame by death? Besides, when the country changes, I won't leave because I want to welcome the new monarch and preserve the ancestors of Qi, not because I want to be high. If everyone leaves North Korea, who will handle the state affairs? And civil strife in the country, which country has not happened? Isn't it the same in your Chu state? Why do you blame us? "

Another person said discontentedly, "A hero must be absolutely beautiful and magnificent, but now you, less than five feet tall, are just a lobbyist, just trying to show your breath." Without practical skills, is it shameful to cheat the world and steal fame only by mouth and tongue? ""I heard that the hammer is very small and can be worth 1000 kilograms. Although the paddle is long, it is inevitable to be flooded. Zhou Wang is so brave that he will die. Why? I admit that I have no outstanding skills, and I am ashamed of my position, but this is by no means a slap in the face with you, just a question and answer. Do I refuse to answer? That would be rude. "

Fifth, the war of words.

When Yan Zi went to Chu to enter the DPRK, in order to laugh at Yan Zi's short stature, Chu sent tall warriors to meet him on both sides. Accompanying Chu said, "I'm here for friendly exchanges between the two countries, not to fight with your country. Take these warriors down. " The escort had to disband the samurai awkwardly.

Yan Zi entered the Chaomen, where dozens of ministers of Chu were waiting. Yin Dou, a suburb of Chu, spoke first: "It is said that Qi was superior to Qin Chu when Jiang Gong sealed the country, and the goods passed through Lu and Wei. Since the Duke of Huan, he was repeatedly violated by the Song and Jin Dynasties, and Qi Junchen ran around and surrendered to the princes. However, Gong Jingzhi and Yan Yingzhi are not worse than Huan Gong and Guan Zhong. Why? " Yan Zi said: "The rise and fall of a country is the law. Since Chu Zhuangwang, hasn't Chu been repeatedly attacked by Jin and Wu? In the case of knowing everything about affairs and communicating with princes on an equal footing, how can we be obedient? Didn't your's parents, as famous ministers of Chu, do the same? Aren't you their descendant? " Fight and be ashamed to retreat.

Yang Gai, the minister of Chu, stepped forward and said, "I heard that you are very resourceful, but Qi and Cui Daqing were in a deadlock. How many loyal ministers and people gave their lives to fight against them? As an old minister, you can neither beg a thief nor abdicate, let alone fight to the death. What's the use of staying in the court? " Yan Zi said: "Ambitious people are not limited to details; Zhuang Gong's death had his own mistakes. The reason why I stayed in North Korea was to help the new king build a strong country, not to covet my own life. If all the old ministers are dead, who will help the king? " Yang Gai knew that he was bored and stepped down.

Zheng Dan came forward to ask Chu Youyin, "You are too boastful. Cui Qing is difficult, Gao Chenhe. You just watch the fire from the other side of the bank, but you can't see anything? " Yan Zi replied, "You only know one thing, but you don't know the other. Cui and Qing formed an alliance, and I didn't do anything. " I'm trying to save the king from the plight of four big families. This is exactly what we should do. How can we say that we are watching? "Zheng has nothing to answer.

Taizai Chu flashed out of Xinjiang and asked, "You are the Prime Minister. You should dress up beautifully and be full of chariots and horses to show the Rong Sheng of Qi. Why are you riding a thin horse and wearing shabby clothes? I also heard that you have been wearing this fox skin for 30 years. Are you too stingy? " Yan Zi smiled and replied, "You are too young. I come from my hometown, my parents have clothes to wear, my mother has meat to eat, and my wife has no famine. At the same time, more than 70 people depend on my help. Although I am thrifty, I am rich in three families and help the group. Isn't this more showing the virtue and integrity of the king? " Qi Jiang was amazed.

Che Youbao, the king of Chu, asked, "I heard that princes are all burly and handsome, and they can make contributions to the present and leave their names in future generations." And you are less than five feet, and you can't win a chicken. Aren't you ashamed? Yan Zi calmly replied, "Camels are small, but they can weigh up to 1,000 kilograms; "Paddle empty long, always water service. Overseas Chinese were killed by Lu and Nangong by Song. You think you are tall, but in fact you can only serve the king of Chu. Although I have no talent, I can be independent and loyal to my country. " Capsule tile is ashamed.

Wu Ju, the doctor of Chu, saw that it was difficult for everyone to be Yan Zi, and quickly said, "Yan Ping is a genius in the world. How can you compete with him? Forget it, the king of Chu is waiting to be summoned. "

Six, two peaches kill three scholars

Tian Kaijiang, Gong and Gu Yezi served the King of Qi, all of them were brave and unusual, but they were all proud of themselves and didn't pay attention to etiquette. Yan Zi thought it was a disaster and suggested that Gong Jing kill it. Gong Jing was worried that force could not be conquered, so Yan Zi asked Qi Jinggong to reward two peaches for them to eat according to their merits. Sun took a peach to beat wild boar and tiger cubs, Tian Kaijiang took a peach to retreat, and Gu Yezi accompanied Gong Jing across the river. He once killed dragons and monsters, and drew his sword by himself. Tian Kaijiang and Gong Sun went on to say, "In terms of courage and merit, they can't compare with you. Rejecting peaches is greed. They dare not commit suicide, but they have no courage, so they all return peaches and commit suicide. Gu Yezi thinks that he is heartless, ashamed of others' words, boasting his voice and being unfair; The immortal brave man, he also committed suicide.

After the death of three scholars, Gong Jing was given a grand burial.

Yan Zi killed three sons with one peach, which eliminated political hidden dangers and was extraordinary in wisdom. There are three graves.

VII. Ji Guo Jin Yan

Qi Jinggong visited the old place in Ji Guo and got a golden pot. He opened it and found a cinnabar document, which said, "Don't eat fish, don't ride a horse." Gong Jing said, "Well said! According to this meaning, eating fish does not eat each other because I hate the smell of fish; Riding a horse is not bad because it can't run far. "

Yan Zi said: "No, I think these eight words contain the truth of governing the country: don't turn the fish upside down, that is, don't exhaust the people's strength!" " Don't take the Hummer, which means don't put the villain around! "

Gong Jing asked: "Why did Ji Guo's such a document perish?" Yan Zi replied: "Its demise has its own reasons. I heard that a gentleman has a wise saying, so he hangs it on the gate. However, Ji Guo had such a good word, but it was poured into the pot like water. If it does not perish, what good results will there be? "

Eight, wisdom about life and death

When Qi Jinggong visited Niu Shan and boarded the capital of Beiqi, he suddenly cried: "How can life leave this beautiful mountain and river and die like rushing roaring water!" Hearing this, Aiken and Liang Qiu also began to cry. Yan zi is laughing. Qi Jinggong asked him angrily why he was laughing. Yan Zi replied: "If people have not died since ancient times, then Tai Gong and Ding Gong will always keep Qi State, and Huan Gong, Xiang Gong, Wen Gong and Wu Gong will help them. You will wear a hat, coarse clothes, and walk on your knees with a big hoe and a small rake. How can you have time to worry about death? And it is not human and moral for you to shed tears just because of this. I saw an unkind king, and I saw two stuffing ministers. That's why I laugh in private! "

Yan Ying said, "If a wise king is neither born nor dead, then you will only be in the farmland at this time. How can you get hurt sometimes? " It is precisely because one person leaves the throne that he has the opportunity to make another person a monarch, and it is his turn to become a monarch. The funny thing is that you don't know when you are blessed. It's unkind of you to cry for your impending death! How can I not laugh at stingy kings and courting ministers? "

Qi Jinggong was so ashamed that he raised his glass to punish himself and fined Aikong and Liang Qiu each a glass of wine.

Nine, Yitai escort

When Qi Jinggong came back from hunting, Yan Ying accompanied him to his wife. Liang Qiu wanted to please Qi Jinggong everywhere and hurried to accompany him. Qi Jinggong said happily: "It seems that only Liang Qiu and I hit it off!" Yan Ying said: "Liang Qiu can only say that it is the same as you. How can it be called peace?" Qi Jinggong said, "Isn't harmony the same?" Ying replied: "Of course not. Harmony is like a prepared broth. Fish is cooked with vinegar sauce and salted plum, stewed with vinegar and cooked with various seasonings. It tastes delicious, and a gentleman can eat it and calm his heart. This is called harmony. The same is true of the relationship between monarch and minister. I should point out that what you think is right is actually wrong; What you think is wrong is actually right, and I should stick to the right aspect. Only in this way can politics be stable and impartial, and the people will not be competitive. The former king also used mixed feelings to appease the people and make politics successful. Playing music is like seasoning. There is one breath, two bodies, three kinds, four things, five tones, six rhymes, seven words, eight styles and nine songs, and then it can become a beautiful movement. Hearing this, a gentleman can calm his heart and convince others with virtue. This is not the case in Liang Qiu now. As long as you say yes, he will say yes; You say no, he says no, just like adding water to water when cooking. Who can eat? Playing the piano is just a sound. Who can listen? His behavior is the same, is that ok? "

According to historical records, Liang Qiu is a courtier in Qi Jinggong, who flatters the monarch, while Qi Jinggong is very appreciative of such people and especially fond of them, saying that only he can get along with himself. Yan Ying's words are specially made for this purpose. He deeply analyzed the difference between "harmony" and "sameness". "Similarity" is the unanimous recognition of different people, and "harmony" is the coordination between different people. On the surface, "similarity" seems to be an ideal state, but there is no contradiction or development. In fact, there is no difference between things and the existence of individuality. Only "harmony" is the perfect form of the healthy development of things. Different foods can become delicious after being reconciled, and different tones and rhythms can become perfect movements after being reconciled. On the surface, Yan Ying seems to be doing an abstract noun analysis. In fact, he is telling Qi Jinggong the truth of governing the country and being a man-"a gentleman is harmonious but different", and subtly and implicitly criticizes Liang Qiu's blind pandering and Qi Jinggong's failure to distinguish between loyalty and treachery, which has played a role in persuading Qi Jinggong to stay away from the deaf and get close to the admonisher, and truly embodies the "advocate of admonishers" of the pre-Qin nobles in him.

Ten, a dead horse is a living horse doctor.

Once, a beloved horse in Qi Jinggong suddenly died. Qi Jinggong was furious and ordered the arrest and dismemberment of the horse's owner. At this time, Yan Zi appeared, and the left and right soldiers were about to start work. Ying stopped him and said to Qi Jinggong, "There must be a way to kill people. When Yao and Shun dismember people, where should they start? " Yao Shun is the legendary Ren Jun.. He won't kill for a horse. Naturally, there is no law to kill and dismember. Knowing what Yan Ying meant, Qi Jinggong said, "Then don't dismember the body, just hand it over to the jailer for execution." Yan Ying said to Qi Jinggong, "This man really deserves to die, but he still doesn't know what crime he has committed. Please let me tell him his crime, let him know and die. What do you say? " Qi Jinggong said: "OK, then you can say it!" Yan Ying began to count his crimes: "You have committed three major crimes: the monarch asked you to raise a horse but you raised it to death, which is a capital crime;" It is the monarch's favorite to treat a dead horse as a living horse doctor, which are two capital crimes; Because you killed the monarch when you were a dead horse, the people will definitely blame him when they hear about it, and the princes will definitely despise our country when they hear about it. You killed the monarch's horse, aroused people's resentment and made our neighbors look down on us. This is the third capital crime. Are you guilty of sending you to prison today? " Qi Jinggong sighed: "Please let him go! Let me go. Don't hurt my name of benevolence and love. "

Xi。 Gong Jing buried his concubine.

Qi Jinggong's beloved concubine died, and Qi Jinggong was in mourning. She sat there without eating for three days. The left and right ministers repeatedly advised her not to listen. Yan Ying came in and said, "A magician and a doctor came outside and said,' I heard that the baby died of illness and they are willing to save people.' Qi Jinggong immediately got up and said, "Can her illness be cured?" Yan Ying said: "This is what the guests said. He must be a good doctor. Please let him try. But if they come to save people, they have to ask you to leave here, take a good bath, eat well, and ask ghosts to come down. " Qi Jinggong was very happy and said, "All right, I'll leave at once. Let's go out to take a shower and eat. Yingying ordered someone to bury it quickly. "。 After the funeral, he said to Qi Jinggong, "The doctor can't cure her illness. We have buried her, so we dare not tell you. " Qi Jinggong was very unhappy. Knowing that Yan Ying had lied to him on this matter, he said, "You told me to leave on the grounds that the doctor was seeing a doctor, and then you left the dead body without telling me. I, as a monarch, became a figurehead. " Ying said, "Don't you know that the dead can't be resurrected? I have heard that princes are obedient and princes are rebellious. Today, you went against your will. You are humble to the sage, but sad to my concubine. A dead man wants to bring her back to life. This is not the way to be a monarch. Princes and guests heard that you don't want to send envoys to China, and the ministers of this dynasty are ashamed to be an official when they see you like this. Doing things according to your behavior can't guide the people well; Obeying your desires will not save this country. You are wrong. " Qi Jinggong said, "I don't understand this. Please tell me how to do it. Yan Ying said, "The country's literati and the guests of the prince's neighbors are waiting to see you outside. You should cry and feel sorry for your loss. "

Qi Jinggong lost his mind because his dead concubine was so sad. On this occasion, it is obviously impossible to persuade him in a normal way. Therefore, Yan Zi, who is full of wisdom, adopted another method of "cheating". He lied that the doctor could come back to life, coaxed Qi Jinggong to leave, and then persuaded him. Although this method is not "honest", it is the best method in that environment at that time, and Yan Zi's ability to improvise is best seen from this matter.

Twelve, candle Zou raises birds

Qi Jinggong likes birds very much. Once he raised a beautiful bird, he sent a man named ZHUZú u (ZHUZNOTU) to take charge of raising the bird. But a few days later, the bird flew away. Qi Jinggong was so angry that he wanted to kill Zhu Zou himself. Yan Zi stood by and asked, "Let me announce the charges against Zhu Zou first, and then you can kill him and let him die clearly." Qi Jinggong agreed. With a straight face, he said sternly to Zou, who tied candles, "You committed a capital crime. There are three things: the king told you to keep birds, but you didn't pay attention to letting them fly. This is the first one. To make a king a bird is to kill. This is the second rule. If this matter is known by other princes, they will think that our monarch only values birds and despises the lives of ordinary people, thus looking down on us. This is the third rule. So I want to kill you now. " Later, Yan Zi turned to Qi Jinggong and said, "Please do it." After listening to what Yan Zi said, Qi Jinggong understood what Yan Zi meant. He gave a dry cough and said, "Forget it, let him go." Then, I went up to Yan Zi and said, "If it weren't for your advice, I almost made a big mistake!" " "

Thirteen, flashy

Qi Jinggong said to Yan Zi, "There is a bronzed current in the East China Sea. In this red water, there are jujube trees, which only bloom without fruit. What is the reason? " Yan Zi replied, "Once upon a time, Duke Miao of Qin traveled around the world in a dragon boat and wrapped steamed dates in yellow cloth. When the dragon boat swam to the East China Sea, Qin Miaogong abandoned the yellow cloth wrapped in dates and made it red, so the sea water was bronze. Because dates are steamed, they bloom after planting and do not bear fruit. " Gong Jing said discontentedly, "I pretended to ask, why did you make this up for me?" Yan Zi said: "I heard that people who pretend to ask questions can also give false answers."

Fourteen, dismissal highlights

Zhang Gao, an official under Yan Zi, was dismissed. The officials who followed him dissuaded Yan Zi and said, "Gao Kuang worked with you for three years and didn't give him a position. It was morally wrong to dismiss him." Yan Zi said, "I am a narrow and shallow person. I want everyone to tighten the net like a rope, so that the net can be stable and the country can be established. Up to now, Gao has worked by my side for three years and never said a word to correct my mistakes. That's why I want to fire him. "

At fifteen, Gong Jing married a woman.

Qi Jinggong has a beloved daughter, and he wants to marry her to Yan Zi. Then Gong Jing went to Swallow's house to attend a banquet. While drinking heartily, Gong Jing saw Yanzi's wife and asked, "Is this your wife?" Yan Zi replied, "Yes, she is." "ah! Old and ugly. I have a beautiful young daughter, please let her fill your inner room. "

Yan Zi left the table and replied, "Now she is really old and ugly, but I have lived with her for a long time. She used to be young and beautiful. Besides, people's youth is entrusted to the old, and beauty is entrusted to the ugly. She once entrusted me, and I accepted her entrustment. Although the king has talent, can I betray her trust? " Yan Zi bowed twice.

Confucius praised him for "refusing to take his place, refuting people's wrongs, refusing to take responsibility, and being righteous!" It shows his easy-going, generous and cultured character.