Talk about your understanding of logistics in combination with cargo science

Talk about your understanding of logistics

There are explanations and essays, hoping to be satisfied with Logistics Management refers to planning, organizing, directing, coordinating, controlling and supervising logistics activities in the production process of society according to the laws of the physical flow of material data, so as to achieve the best coordination and cooperation among all logistics activities, so as to reduce logistics costs and improve logistics efficiency and economic benefits. Modern logistics management is based on system theory, information theory and cybernetics.

the concept of logistics

explanation 1:

logistics refers to the whole process of planning, implementing and managing raw materials, semi-finished products, finished products and related information from the place of origin of goods to the place of consumption of goods at the lowest cost.

logistics composition: transportation, distribution, warehousing, packaging, handling, distribution processing and related logistics information.

the specific contents of logistics activities include the following aspects: customer service, demand forecasting, order processing, distribution, inventory control, transportation, warehouse management, layout and location of factories and warehouses, handling, procurement, packaging and intelligence information.

Explanation 2:

In the definition of China's national standard "Logistics Terminology", it is pointed out that logistics is "the physical flow process of goods from the place of supply to the place of receiving, which organically combines the basic functions of transportation, storage, loading and unloading, handling, packaging, distribution processing, distribution and information processing according to actual needs."

explanation 3:

the "thing" in logistics is the part of material data that has the characteristics of material entity and can be physically displaced. "Flow" is a physical movement, which has its limited meaning, that is, a physical movement relative to the earth with the earth as the reference system, which is called "displacement". The range of flow can be a large range of geography, and it can also be a micro-movement and a small range of displacement in the same region and environment. The combination of "thing" and "flow" is an advanced form of movement based on natural movement. Their mutual connection is to find the law of movement between economic purposes and physical objects, between military purposes and physical objects, and even between certain social purposes and physical objects. Therefore, logistics is not only a combination of "thing" and "flow" under the above-mentioned limited conditions, but more importantly, it is a combination limited to military, economic and social conditions, and it is to observe the transportation of things from the military, economic and social perspectives to meet certain military, economic and social requirements.

explanation 4:

stream: in the chemical production process, materials that need to undergo chemical or physical changes often participate in the production process in gaseous or liquid state and are transported by pipeline, so the raw materials, intermediate products and products that participate in the process are called logistics. Solid materials that are continuously added or discharged during continuous operation can also be called logistics.

Logistics management has four main characteristics

(1) To achieve customer satisfaction as the first goal;

(2) aiming at the overall optimization of the enterprise;

(3) information-centered;

(4) efficiency is more important.

[ Edit this paragraph] The purpose of implementing logistics management

The purpose of implementing logistics management is to achieve the established customer service level at the lowest possible total cost, that is, to seek a dynamic balance between service advantages and cost advantages, and thus create strategic advantages for enterprises in the competition. According to this goal, the basic problem to be solved in logistics management, in short, is to provide the right products to customers at the right time and place with the right quantity and price.

Logistics management emphasizes the use of systematic methods to solve problems. Modern logistics is usually considered to be composed of transportation, storage, packaging, loading and unloading, distribution processing, distribution and information. Each link originally has its own functions, interests and concepts. The systematic method is to make use of modern management science and modern technology to make all links enjoy the overall information and organize and manage all links as an integrated system, so that the system can provide competitive customer service at the lowest possible total cost. According to the system method, the benefits of systems are not simply the sum of the benefits of their local links. Systematic method means that all the influencing factors should be analyzed and evaluated for a certain problem. Starting from this idea, the logistics system does not simply pursue the lowest cost in each link, because there is a tendency of mutual influence and restriction between the benefits of each link of logistics, and there is an alternating fragile relationship. For example, overemphasizing the saving of packaging materials may lead to the increase of transportation and loading and unloading costs because of its easy breakage. Therefore, the systematic method emphasizes the analysis of total cost and the analysis of avoiding the application of suboptimal effect and cost balance, so as to achieve the lowest total cost and meet the established customer service level.

[ Edit this paragraph] The development of logistics management

The development of logistics management has experienced three levels: distribution management, logistics management and supply chain management. Logistics management originated from the storage and transportation mode and technology developed by troop transportation Institute of Materials and Equipment in World War II. After the war, these technologies were widely used in industry, which greatly improved the operating efficiency of enterprises and won more customers for enterprises. At that time, the logistics management was mainly aimed at the distribution part of the enterprise, that is, how to quickly and efficiently deliver the products to customers through the distribution center after the finished products were produced, and maintain the lowest inventory as much as possible. The American Logistics Management Association was then called the Physical Distribution Management Association, while the Canadian Supply Chain and Logistics Management Association was called the Canadian Physical Distribution Management Association. At this primary stage, logistics management only passively caters to customers' needs after a given number of finished products are produced, transports the products to the places designated by customers, optimizes the use of resources in the transportation field, and reasonably sets the inventory of each distribution center. Accurately speaking, logistics management did not really appear at this stage, and there were only transportation management, warehousing management and inventory management. The position of logistics manager did not exist at that time, but only transportation manager or warehouse manager.

logistics management in the modern sense appeared in the 198s. It is found that it is very effective to observe, analyze and solve the problems in enterprise management by using cross-functional process management. By analyzing the whole circulation process of materials from raw materials to factories, flowing through each workstation on the production line, producing finished products, then transporting them to distribution centers and finally delivering them to customers, enterprises can eliminate many local optimization behaviors that seem to be efficient but actually reduce the overall efficiency. Because every functional department wants to use its production capacity as much as possible, leaving no surplus, once the demand increases, it will become a bottleneck everywhere, leading to the interruption of the whole process. For example, the Ministry of Transport, as an independent functional department, always tries to reduce its transportation cost, but if it delivers an order that must be accelerated by sea instead of air, it will save the freight, but lose customers and lead to the overall failure. Therefore, the traditional vertical function management is no longer suitable for modern large-scale industrial production, while the horizontal logistics management can comprehensively manage different functions in each process to achieve the overall optimal synergy.

at this stage, the scope of logistics management extends to demand forecasting, procurement, production planning, inventory management, distribution and customer service except transportation, so as to systematically manage the operation of enterprises and maximize the overall benefits. The book Goal written by Godrat is popular in the global manufacturing industry, and its essence is to manage production from the perspective of production process. Accordingly, the American Physical Distribution Management Association was renamed the American Logistics Management Association in the mid-198s, while the Canadian Physical Distribution Management Association was renamed the Canadian Logistics Management Association in 1992.

in a typical manufacturing enterprise, the demand forecasting, raw material procurement and transportation are usually called forward logistics, the circulation of raw materials between processes in the factory is called production logistics, and the distribution and customer service are called outward logistics. The key of logistics management is to systematically manage the whole process from raw materials, work-in-process to finished products, so as to ensure the smooth purchase, transportation, processing, transportation and delivery of materials to customers under the lowest inventory conditions. For the shareholders of enterprises with efficient logistics management, this means making the biggest business with the least capital and generating the biggest return on investment.

[ Edit this paragraph] The content of logistics management

The content of logistics management includes three aspects: the management of various elements of logistics activities, including transportation and storage; The management of the elements of the logistics system, that is, the management of six elements, such as people, money, goods, equipment, methods and information; The management of specific functions in logistics activities mainly includes the management of logistics planning, quality, technology and economy.

Logistics management science is a new discipline that has risen abroad in recent twenty years, and it is a new important branch of management science. With the improvement of production technology and management technology, the competition among enterprises is becoming increasingly fierce. People gradually find that the competition among enterprises in reducing production costs seems to have come to an end, and the quality of products is only a stepping stone for an enterprise to enter the market and participate in the competition. At this time, the focus of competition began to shift from the production field to the non-production field, and turned to those scattered and isolated areas in the past that were regarded as auxiliary links and ignored, such as transportation, storage, packaging, loading and unloading, distribution processing and other logistics activities. People began to study how to reduce logistics costs, improve service quality and create the "third profit source" in these areas. Since then, logistics management has been separated from the traditional production and sales activities of enterprises and has become an independent research field and discipline scope. The birth of logistics management science makes the logistics system, which was hidden in economic activities, appear. It reveals the internal relations of all links of logistics activities, and its development and perfection are the magic weapon for modern enterprises to win in market competition.

A few days ago, ChinaHR. com analyzed and summarized the 25 annual workplace market based on the monitoring data of online vacancies in the past year. Data show that last year, the workplace experienced a process from slow development to rising. At the end of the year, the employment index broke through the 75 mark for the first time, IT technicians were the most popular, advertising and public relations talents were on the rise, real estate talents suffered a cold snap, fast-moving consumer goods talents were upgraded, the gap of high-end financial management talents was large, and the annual salary of logistics management talents was high.

according to some data, logistics talents have been listed among the 12 kinds of talents in short supply in China, while logistics planners, logistics managers, logistics researchers and logistics engineers are in short supply. When recruiting logistics management talents, many enterprises need master's degree or above, more than 3 years of management experience and about 5 years of industry experience, preferably working in the logistics department of a large foreign company.

Fiberhome data also shows that in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, where the logistics industry is relatively developed, the median annual salary of storage and transportation managers is about 1,-127, yuan, and the high figure is about 21,-26, yuan; The median annual salary of the director of import and export affairs (business function) is about 58-66 thousand yuan, and the high figure is about 81-95 thousand yuan; While the average logistics administrator (IT industry) has an annual salary of 53,-62, yuan, and the highest one can reach 17,-2, yuan. Left

[ Edit this paragraph] Three stages of logistics management

Logistics management can be divided into three stages according to the order of management, namely, planning stage, implementation stage and evaluation stage.

first, the management of logistics planning stage

planning is some prior considerations as the basis of action. Logistics planning is a preparatory work to achieve the expected goal of logistics.

the logistics plan must first determine the goal to be achieved by logistics and the order of all the work to achieve this goal.

secondly, it is necessary to analyze and study any external influences that may occur in the process of realizing the logistics objectives, especially the unfavorable factors, and determine the countermeasures for these unfavorable factors.

third, make specific measures to implement and guide the realization of logistics objectives in terms of manpower, material resources and financial resources.

second, the implementation stage management of logistics

the implementation stage management of logistics is to manage the ongoing logistics activities. It has the most prominent position in the management of all stages of logistics. This is because in this stage, the plans will be tested through concrete implementation. At the same time, it also closely combines logistics management with specific logistics activities.

(1) Organization and command of logistics activities

Logistics organization refers to the reasonable combination of interrelated links in logistics activities to form an organic whole, so as to give full play to the role of every department and every logistics worker in logistics. Logistics command refers to the unified scheduling of all logistics links, departments and institutions in the process of logistics.

(II) Supervision and inspection of logistics activities

Through supervision and inspection, we can understand the implementation of logistics, expose contradictions in logistics activities, find out existing problems, analyze the causes of problems and propose ways to overcome them.

(3) Adjustment of logistics activities

In the process of implementing the logistics plan, there will always be imbalance in all departments and links of logistics. In the face of the above problems, it is necessary to make a new comprehensive balance of the capabilities of all logistics departments and links according to the influencing factors of logistics, and rearrange the forces to achieve logistics goals. This is the regulation of logistics activities.

third, the management of logistics evaluation stage

in a certain period of time, people compare and analyze the results of logistics implementation with the original planned logistics objectives, which is the evaluation of logistics. Through a comprehensive analysis of logistics activities, people can determine how scientific and reasonable the logistics plan is, and confirm the achievements and shortcomings in the implementation stage of logistics, thus providing valuable experience and information for making new plans and organizing new logistics in the future.

according to the different scope of logistics evaluation, logistics evaluation can be divided into specialized evaluation and comprehensive evaluation. According to the relationship between logistics departments, logistics evaluation can be divided into vertical evaluation and horizontal evaluation. It should be pointed out that no matter what evaluation method is adopted, its evaluation means must rely on specific evaluation indicators. Such indicators are usually expressed as physical indicators and comprehensive indicators.

[ Edit this paragraph] Four cores of logistics management

In order to establish a reasonable and efficient chain logistics system, let's dissect the logistics system first. The four cores of the logistics system are: purchasing, warehousing, distribution and transportation.

1. Procurement

Any enterprise can't do without procurement, and so can chain enterprises. Commodity procurement is the starting point of chain enterprises' business activities. The purchase of chain enterprises must be the purchase plan of the whole chain stores. After collecting the purchase plans put forward by each chain store, the distribution center will formulate a purchase plan to purchase goods and materials from the market in a unified way in combination with the requirements of the headquarters and the market supply. For chain enterprises, the procurement link is a creative department, and the goods they operate need to be introduced through the procurement link to create benefits. However, there are many Chinese New Year companies at present.