What is the name of the first self-produced motorcycle in China?

In the autumn of p>195, shortly after the birth of the Republic of China, the Korean War broke out. The United Nations troops led by the United States burned the war to the Yalu River on the northeast border of China, and President Mao Zedong issued a mobilization order to "resist US aggression and aid Korea and defend the country". In order to strengthen the modernization of the army and enhance its combat effectiveness, the Central Military Commission has established the development policy that the army factory mainly solves the means of transportation for the army. In August, 195, at the conference of the whole army's transportation work, Cheng Huaming, director of Beijing No.6 Automobile Manufacturing and Distribution Factory of China People's Liberation Army, recruited a long-considered plan to manufacture motorcycles first, and then put forward a complete set of plans to produce automobiles to his superiors, which was quickly approved by the head of the army, and fLL allowed the factory to trial-produce military heavy motorcycles.

July 8, 1951. China People's Liberation Army East Beijing No.6 Automobile Manufacturing and Distribution Factory (hereinafter referred to as No.6 Automobile Parts Factory) successfully completed the trial production of the first batch of five military heavy-duty motorcycles (see Figure 1) by imitating the German Schindler K5 motorcycle under the extremely difficult conditions of poor equipment, backward technology and no motorcycle technology. On July 31st, Zhu De, Commander-in-Chief of China People's Liberation Army, and Nie Rongzhen, Acting Chief of General Staff, visited the newly-made motorcycle (see Figure 2). On August 3rd, on behalf of the Central Military Commission, acting Chief of General Staff Marshal Nie Rongzhen presented the naming words for the motorcycle named "Jinggangshan" at the celebration meeting. At the celebration meeting, I announced that "in order to celebrate the 24th anniversary of the founding of our army and to remember the heroic struggle of Jinggangshan forever, I specially named the military heavy-duty motorcycle produced by the Sixth Automobile Manufacturing and Distribution Factory of China People's Liberation Army as" Jinggangshan ",which marked the growing strength of our army. From then on, the first "Jinggangshan" brand motorcycle in New China was born. The birth of "Jinggangshan" brand motorcycle has written a brilliant homepage in the history of motorcycle development in China. The painstaking efforts and sweat of the predecessors who created the history of China motorcycles have gone through such hardships, and their immortal feats will remain in our hearts forever.

before liberation, there was no motorcycle industry in China. After the founding of New China, the first thing to do is to strengthen the technical force, so Liuqi hired Zhang, an engineer who graduated from The National SouthWest Associated University (Tsinghua University) in 1943, as the technical leader, and recruited technicians from all over the country, such as Gao Keli, Gao Yuqin, Feng Xiantang, Chen Pan, Jin Ding, and some motorcycle technicians who knew the performance and structure of motorcycles. Subsequently, some famous European and American cars were purchased from Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and other places: 166 Cannon, Ole, Shengli, Harley and Japanese Big Six motorcycles, and the long-distance road comparison test and vehicle technical performance analysis were carried out. According to the domestic road conditions and military requirements at that time, the vehicle selection was carried out in combination with the technical and equipment capabilities of the Sixth Automobile Factory, and finally the German Schindler K5(D motorcycle was selected as a prototype. The car was equipped with German troops during World War II. After a long-term test, it is durable, low in center of gravity, easy to drive, simple in structure and low in technological difficulty, and suitable for production in auto parts factories.

after the prototype was selected, the technicians used the factory for nearly three months to complete the mapping of the prototype at the end of December 195, and * * * completed 542 product drawings and 85 sets of process equipment and mold drawings. In the process of surveying and mapping design, technicians have encountered many difficulties, such as the lack of necessary mechanical design calculation data and technical standards that can be referenced. When they encounter precision machined parts such as bevel gears, the calculation is very laborious, so they burn the midnight oil and repeatedly calculate them by hand and abacus. When they encounter parts with complex surfaces such as oil tanks and have no measuring equipment, they make multiple sections, find points in sections, and measure and draw curved surfaces bit by bit. After the product drawings are designed, it is even more difficult to organize trial production and small batch production. At that time, the national economy was in; In the recovery period, everything is in full swing, the sores of war have not been healed, and the war to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea has fled, making it very difficult for the young * * * Republic. There is no basic industry, no motorcycle parts manufacturer, and even the minimum supply of raw materials is very scarce. Many raw materials, such as thin steel plates and seamless steel strips, need to be manufactured by themselves. To organize production, we must implement the standard "small and complete" production method. Of the 838 parts of Jinggangshan brand motorcycle, only a few parts such as rolling bearings, brake pads, chains, generators, tires and electrical instruments are purchased and outsourced, and the remaining 75 parts are made by No.6 Automobile Parts Factory, with a self-made rate of 9%. Most of the machinery and equipment in the factory are worn-out lathes, milling machines and drilling machines, and most of the parts can't be processed, and they are all hard-fought by workers and technicians. For the processing of spiral bevel gears on engines, without gear processing equipment, gear experts came to Zhuangchao engineer to find a way to design and manufacture a special indexing fixture and install it on a universal milling machine for processing; The front and rear rims are formed, and there is no special rolling mill with large tonnage. They use simple cast iron to draw the die, and then roll the steel strip into a circle and butt weld it. Several holes l with high precision in the crankcase are not machined by coordinate boring machine, so the samples are used as templates to find the positive holes one by one on the lathe for rounding machining; There is no special machine for machining gears, cams, pistons, etc., and all the samples are used as templates for copying milling on ordinary machine tools; The casting is directly cast with the sample as the mold, and then shaped by hand. All the rice gold pieces are shaped by hand, then coated with thick paint pad mud, polished with sand skin and then painted by hand; The spline shaft, carburetor and other precision parts in the engine are all processed by Sun Ximing, a senior mechanic, who overcame one difficulty after another with superb locksmith skills. The matching clearance between cylinder and piston is strict, and the material performance should be high. They collect similar waste cylinders and pistons, smelt them, conduct road tests one by one, and prepare them in one piece. Crankshaft connecting rod and other key assembly parts need action and static balance test. Without balance test equipment, they will be tested one by one by indigenous method ... Countless unimaginable difficulties are overcome by workers and technicians. There is no special equipment, and technical transformation has been carried out since L1, transforming the worn-out ordinary machine tool equipment into a special plane capable of processing motorcycle parts, such as transforming the old lathe into a gearbox lathe and a special plane for processing left and right crankcase covers; Changing the old vertical drill into a cylinder honing machine and a "double copying lathe" for the outer diameter of the piston, etc ... When encountering technical problems, the staff of the whole factory put forward more than 2 reasonable suggestions in the "trick-finding" activity, which improved the production efficiency and product quality.

in order to expand the scale of motorcycle production, in October 1951, the General Logistics Department of the Military Commission instructed the newly-established Nanjing No.3 Automobile Manufacturing and Distribution Factory (predecessor of Nanjing Automobile Factory, artillery repair before liberation) to cooperate with Beijing No.6 Automobile Parts Factory to produce "Jinggangshan" brand motorcycles. Nanjing No.3 Auto Parts Factory is responsible for manufacturing engines, fuel tanks, front forks and on-board tools, and Beijing No.6 Auto Parts Factory is responsible for producing frames, transmission components, front and rear wheels, brake devices, seat cushions, gearboxes, etc. Both factories undertake the task of motorcycle pawn assembly. By the end of 1953, the annual output had exceeded 1,.

in p>1954, in order to meet the needs of military operations, the factory added sidecars according to the Soviet M72 model, and trial-produced sidecars (see Figure 3), which were put into mass production. After 1955, due to the transformation of two F factories into "jeeps" and the change of factory affiliation, the production of special vehicles was stopped on the 1st. Since July 1951. By the end of 176l, a total of 3,248 "Jinggangshan" brand two-wheeled motorcycles and 1,487 side-mounted three-wheeled motorcycles were produced.

"The road is slow in Xiu Yuan, and I will go up and down for it!" The achievements of the predecessors who promoted the history of motorcycles in China have built the youth and dreams of the new Chinese people, and inspired generations of "motorcyclists" to continue to struggle for this. Although the road ahead is still bumpy, the dream of becoming a motorcycle power will surely come true.