What are the classifications of CNC lathes?

CNC lathes can be divided into horizontal and vertical. There are two kinds of horizontal lathe: horizontal guide rail and inclined guide rail. High-grade CNC sleeper generally adopts inclined guide rail. According to the number of tool holders, it can be divided into single tool holder CNC lathe and double tool holder CNC lathe. The former is controlled by two coordinates and the latter by four coordinates. Inclined guide rails are mostly used for double-knife-rack sleeping cars. \x0d\ CNC lathes, like ordinary lathes, are also used to process the revolving surfaces of parts. Generally, the machining of external cylindrical surface, conical surface, spherical surface and thread can be automatically completed, and some complex revolving surfaces, such as hyperboloids, can also be machined. The workpiece installation method of lathe and ordinary lathe is basically the same. In order to improve machining efficiency, CNC lathes mostly use hydraulic, pneumatic and electric chucks. \x0d\ CNC lathe is similar in appearance to ordinary lathe, and consists of lathe bed, headstock, tool rest, feed system pressure system, cooling and lubrication system, etc. The feeding system of CNC lathe is qualitatively different from that of ordinary lathe. The traditional lathe has a feed box and an exchange rack, while the CNC lathe directly uses a servo motor to drive the carriage and the tool rest through a ball screw to realize the feed movement, and the structure of the feed system is greatly simplified. \x0d\ CNC lathes have various varieties and specifications, which can be classified according to the following methods. \x0d\ Classification by lathe spindle position \x0d\( 1) Vertical CNC lathe is referred to as CNC vertical lathe for short. Its lathe spindle is vertical to the horizontal plane, and the large-diameter circular workbench is used to clamp the workpiece. This machine tool is mainly used to process large and complex parts with large radial dimension and relatively small axial dimension. (2) Horizontal CNC lathe Horizontal CNC lathe is divided into horizontal CNC lathe with horizontal guide rail and horizontal CNC lathe with inclined guide rail. Its inclined guide rail structure can make the lathe more rigid and facilitate chip removal. \x0d\ Classification according to the basic types of machined parts \x0d\( 1) Chuck CNC lathe without tailstock is suitable for turning disc-shaped parts (including short shafts). The clamping mode is mostly electric or hydraulic control, and the chuck structure is mostly adjustable claw or non-quenched claw (that is, soft claw). (2) Top CNC lathe This lathe is equipped with ordinary tailstock or CNC tailstock, which is suitable for turning long parts and small-diameter disc parts. \x0d\ Classification by the number of tool holders \x0d\( 1) Single-tool-holder CNC lathes are generally equipped with various forms of single tool holders, such as four-station horizontal indexing tool holders or multi-station turret automatic indexing tool holders. (2) Double-tool-holder CNC lathe The double-tool holders of this lathe are parallel or vertical to each other. \x0d\ Classification by function (1) Economical CNC lathe is a simple CNC lathe formed by transforming the feed system of ordinary lathe with stepping motor and single chip microcomputer. The cost is low, but the degree of automation and function are poor, and the turning accuracy is not high. Suitable for turning rotary parts with low requirements. (2) Ordinary CNC lathe is a general CNC system specially designed and equipped according to the requirements of turning. The numerical control system has strong functions, high degree of automation and high machining accuracy, and is suitable for turning general rotary parts. This CNC lathe can control two coordinate axes at the same time, namely X axis and Z axis. (3) On the basis of ordinary CNC lathe, the turning center adds a C-axis and a power head. The more advanced CNC lathe has a tool magazine, which can control three coordinate axes of X, Z and C. The linkage control axis can be (X, Z), (X, C) or (Z, C). With the addition of C axis and milling power head, the machining function of this CNC lathe is greatly enhanced. In addition to general turning, it can also be used for radial and axial milling, surface milling, drilling holes whose center line is not in the rotation center of parts, etc. \x0d\ Other classification methods \x0d\ According to the different control modes of CNC system, CNC lathes can be divided into many types, such as linear control CNC lathes and two-axis control CNC lathes. According to special or specialized process performance, it can be divided into thread CNC lathe, piston CNC lathe, crankshaft CNC lathe and so on.