Major minerals in Southeast Asia

The main minerals in Southeast Asia are oil and tin.

Southeast Asia is located in the southeast of Asia, including Indochina Peninsula and most of the Malay Archipelago. Oil and tin occupy a prominent position in the mining industry in Southeast Asia. Indonesia is an important oil exporter, and Malaysia and Brunei produce more oil. Tin ore sand produced in Southeast Asia accounts for more than half of the world's total output, and Malaysia's tin production ranks 1 in the world.

Production and Layout Characteristics of Petroleum Industry in Southeast Asia

(1) crude oil production is highly concentrated. Oil and gas fields are widely distributed in Southeast Asia. By 1986, Vietnam White Lake Offshore Oilfield was put into production. Seven countries in the region produce oil, but 95% of their total reserves and output are concentrated in Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei. In Indonesia, where the output accounts for two-thirds of the whole region, the output was highly concentrated in Sumatra for a long time, where the largest oil fields in Southeast Asia such as Minas and Duri were concentrated.

In recent ten years, due to the aging of oil fields, the proportion of the total output in China has declined, but it still reaches more than 1/2. East Kalimantan and North Java Island are the focus of Indonesia's offshore oil development in recent ten years, with the output rising rapidly, accounting for 1/4 and 1/5 of the whole country respectively. Malaysia and Brunei are concentrated in the northern and northwestern waters of Kalimantan.

(2) The oil refining industry is mainly located in consumption areas and export ports. With the increase of crude oil production in Southeast Asia, the oil refining industry has developed accordingly. 199 1 year, the crude oil processing capacity of the whole region has reached1220,000 tons, which is 2.8 times higher than that of 1965, among which Singapore has increased 22 times, making it one of the largest oil refining industrial bases in the world.

However, judging from the geographical distribution of the oil refining industry in Southeast Asia, it is mainly concentrated in consumption areas and export ports. The oil refining industries in Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines and Cambodia all belong to this type, and they all rely on imported crude oil. On the contrary, Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei account for 95% of the crude oil production in Southeast Asia, but their refining capacity is only 44%, and a large part of their refineries are built in consumption areas. Due to the above characteristics, several major oil-producing countries have an absolute advantage in crude oil exports, while refined oil exports are less.

(3) The production of natural gas has developed rapidly, and the export of liquefied gas ranks first in the world. The proven reserves of natural gas in Southeast Asia are 1. 1 times more than that of oil in terms of standard fuel, but they were rarely developed in the past, and the associated gas in oil fields was seriously wasted.

Since 1970s, with the great development of petroleum industry and Japan's strong interest in LNG as a "clean" fuel, the production and consumption of natural gas in Southeast Asia have increased rapidly. During the period from1966 to1989, the actual consumption increased from about 3.4 billion cubic meters to 22 billion cubic meters, an increase of 5.5 times, while the LNG export volume started from zero and reached 399.

During this period, four large liquefied gas plants were built in Lumut, Brunei, Bartak (Kalimantan) and Allen (Sumatra), and Mindulu (Sarawak). The three countries have successively exported to Japan, and natural gas has become the second largest export commodity in Southeast Asia after oil. However, there is still much room for development in this field. Indonesia is preparing to build a new liquefaction plant in Natuna Island and other places, and the output is expected to increase significantly.