Problems and countermeasures in highway supervision?

What are the problems and countermeasures in highway supervision? Here, Zhong Da Consulting will introduce relevant contents for your reference.

Highway engineering construction supervision system is based on international FIDIC civil engineering contract. Establish a management mode in which the construction unit, the construction unit and the supervision unit restrict each other. This model is suitable for the needs of market economy. Adapted to the operation mode of market economy with enterprises as the main body, compared with domestic traditional practices, firstly, the responsibilities and rights of all parties involved in the construction are more reasonable and clear, which is conducive to enhancing the contractual awareness of all parties involved in the construction and improving the management level; Second, it breaks through the limitation of the small-scale production management mode of "self-writing, self-directing and self-acting" by the construction unit, which is conducive to accumulating experience and promoting the transformation of construction project management into a professional and socialized way. Through continuous efforts. The supervision of highway engineering construction has achieved initial results.

Due to the introduction of project supervision system, a relatively scientific restriction mechanism has been established in the system, and project management has gradually shifted from relying solely on administrative means to adhering to procedures and stressing scientific management according to law. The relatively stable team of supervision engineers composed of technicians from all walks of life has gradually grown and played an increasingly indispensable role. In recent years, the continuous improvement of highway engineering quality in China, especially high-grade highway engineering, fully illustrates this point. After nearly twenty years of exploration and development, the highway engineering construction supervision system has played a decisive role in the development of highway construction in China, and the supervision unit has also made remarkable achievements. However, with the further development of the highway construction market. However, the situation of "the road is getting narrower and narrower" has appeared in highway engineering construction supervision. The quality of supervision enterprises and supervisors has gradually declined, mainly due to:

First, the project supervision is limited to the construction stage.

Owners generally do not allow supervision units to participate in construction bidding for reasons such as confidentiality of bidding, which limits the rights of supervision engineers and their understanding of the project. Because the supervision unit failed to participate in the construction bidding, the construction supervision lacked understanding of the contractor's ability and quality, and could not make corresponding suggestions to the owner, so it was difficult to deal with the contracting or subcontracting teams with poor quality.

Second, the project supervision fees and personnel quality are seriously low.

Since the implementation of the project supervision system. Costs have been falling. Low-priced bidding further depressed the project supervision fee. Some project supervision fees have not yet reached one-third of the standard fees. The low supervision fee has a bad influence on the development of engineering supervision industry and the improvement of the quality of supervision personnel. Few highly educated, high-level and compound talents are willing to join the engineering supervision industry. Even professionals who are willing to engage in supervision work. Supervision units can't be employed all the year round. You can only follow the "hourly" style. Only when there is a project can you get a job. When there is no project, there is only dismissal. The responsibilities of supervisors are broad and vague, and the remuneration is low. People with strong sense of responsibility, high professional level, strong coordination ability and management experience are very scarce. Therefore, the quantity and quality of professional supervisors can not meet the needs of supervision work. Because there is a serious shortage of qualified supervisors. Each supervision unit only employs a large number of non-engineering professionals as supervisors, while the owner unit keeps reducing the project supervision fee. The whole supervision industry has also entered a vicious circle of low fees of supervision units and poor quality of supervision personnel.

Third, the supervision engineer has little power and low status.

FIDIC stipulates that the work content of supervision engineer is "three controls", that is, the control of schedule, quality and cost. At present, the supervision system we implement is mainly based on quality supervision. In contract management, owners often set special conditions to limit the rights of supervision engineers, especially the control of schedule and cost. The supervision engineer has little or no rights in these two aspects, which greatly weakens the role and enthusiasm of the supervision engineer, and at the same time increases the management difficulty of the owner himself, resulting in a huge number of management personnel and serious management expenses exceeding the budget. Of course, it is necessary to strengthen management in the current situation that expressway is developing greatly and some construction teams are of low quality. However, schedule, quality and cost control are complementary overall measures. Only emphasizing or completely emphasizing quality control will inevitably weaken quality control itself and fail to achieve the expected results.

Fourth, there are many levels of construction supervision institutions, and the rights of grassroots supervisors are small.

At present, in actual construction, supervision institutions are generally divided into two levels of management, namely, the director's office and the senior resident supervision office (resident office). Both the director's office and the resident office are equipped with relatively perfect institutions (engineering department, planning and contract department, survey group, etc.). ). Due to the particularity of highway engineering, the director's office is generally located in areas with developed transportation and communication, and the resident office is close to the construction site. Traffic and communication are inconvenient, the daily information exchange speed is slow, and the authority of grass-roots supervisors is relatively small, so everything must be reported for instructions, which seriously affects the progress of the project.

In view of the above problems, the author thinks that the construction and guidance of supervision work should be strengthened from the following aspects to improve the overall level of supervision industry:

Five, to ensure that the construction project supervision enterprises according to the standards set by the state reasonable fees.

First of all, this is the prerequisite for the survival and development of construction engineering supervision enterprises. In order to meet the requirements of establishing a socialist market economic system, the relevant government departments have established and improved the government-guided price system for construction project supervision and consulting services. The charging standard of construction project supervision should reflect the principle of high quality and good price, which is conducive to improving the quality level of engineering supervision and consulting services. Give full consideration to the market supply and demand and competition of supervision and consulting services, give play to the role of market regulation, and give both parties the corresponding decision-making power of price formation. In order to standardize the operation of construction supervision enterprises according to the requirements of laws and regulations, the construction unit should focus on the supervision ability, service quality and reputation of the supervision unit, rather than the level of engineering supervision fees. The project supervision fee is only a tiny part of the project investment, and its influence on the whole construction project cost can be ignored, while the supervision ability, service quality and reputation are crucial aspects, which will directly affect the quality of the project construction. Therefore, the construction unit should meet the reasonable project supervision fee. Under this premise, strengthening the supervision ability, service quality and reputation of engineering supervision enterprises is the foundation to ensure the satisfaction of owners in engineering construction.

Secondly, the investment in construction projects increases, the content of project supervision increases, and the cost of construction project supervision should be adjusted accordingly. Once the project supervision contract is signed, it is very difficult to increase the supervision fee. However, when signing a project supervision contract, it is often estimated, and the final project settlement exceeds the estimated amount, at least above 20%. Moreover, the content of project supervision is also increased compared with that when entrusted, but the supervision fee cannot be adjusted. The engineering supervision unit paid the technical service fee, but did not get the corresponding paid return. It is suggested that engineering supervision enterprises should strengthen their awareness of legal protection when signing engineering supervision contracts, and clearly stipulate the scope of engineering supervision, the calculation method of supervision fees and the adjustment method of supervision fees, so as to avoid unnecessary disputes. If the scope of project supervision is expanded and the investment exceeds the estimated amount of the contract, the supervision fee shall be adjusted in time according to the special terms and conditions of the supervision contract.

Six, correctly handle the relationship between supervision and owner.

Due to many units involved, imperfect supervision laws and regulations, superficial understanding of supervision by administrative intervention, uneven construction units and supervision teams, there will always be contradictions between supervision and owners, supervision and design and construction units. These contradictions, especially the contradiction between the supervisor and the owner, are the most prominent and have great influence. If it is not solved well, it will inevitably affect the smooth progress of the project construction. The relationship between supervision engineer and owner is essentially the relationship between equal subjects, the contractual relationship in engineering construction projects, the relationship between entrustment and entrustment, and the relationship between authorization and authorization. Once the supervision entrustment contract is signed, the rights, obligations and responsibilities of the supervision engineer are determined. Once the supervision contract is confirmed, it cannot be dissolved and revoked at will. When exercising the rights conferred by the contract, it should be independent, and neither the owner nor the construction unit has the right to interfere. However, in actual work, due to various reasons, this contractual relationship is difficult to achieve, and the supervisor must correctly handle the relationship with the owner in the following aspects:

1. Correctly handle the owner's administrative intervention. The supervision right is entrusted by the owner and determined by the construction contract. In the course of performing their duties, supervisors shall carry out their work independently and impartially. If its behavior is protected by the contract, it will no longer be interfered and influenced by the owner. However, in practical work, owners are used to treating supervision engineers as experts or consultants hired by themselves, but they often appear as superior leaders, and are used to giving orders to supervision work or the work of construction units and conducting administrative intervention. Once such problems are found, the supervision engineer should calmly analyze and deal with them. If the owner acts properly, the supervision engineer and the construction unit can implement it, and the supervision can implement it according to the owner's opinions; If the owner's intervention is wrong, even interferes with the work or affects the smooth implementation of the plan, as a supervision engineer, he has the right to point out his mistakes and issue instructions to the construction unit to carry out as planned.

2. Correctly maintain the payment control right of the supervision engineer. In China, the responsibility of supervision work is to coordinate "three controls" (quality, investment and schedule control) and "two controls" (contract management and information management). In the supervision work, the owner sometimes directly allocates the project funds to the construction unit without the supervision engineer; So there is a contradiction with the supervision engineer. No matter what the reason, it is against the principle for the construction party to allocate the project contract money from the owner without the supervision engineer. It weakens the supervision engineer's control right of payment, because project payment is an important means for the supervision engineer to control the construction unit to perform the contract. We should treat this situation separately. If the construction unit falsely reports the consent of the supervisor, it will verbally clarify to the owner and ask the owner to recover the allocated funds, and report to the construction unit informed criticism. In the second case, the construction unit is required to immediately submit the report to the supervision engineer, who will review the procedures. In the third case, as long as the owner did not ask the supervision engineer to go through the formalities and did not enter the project payment, the supervision engineer regarded the construction unit as borrowing money from the owner and ignored it. If the supervisor is required to go through the formalities, the supervisor shall refuse.

3. Record on site to avoid disputes afterwards, and major issues must be reported in writing. The owner gave a verbal instruction to the supervisor or the construction unit, but denied it afterwards, which contradicted the supervisor. This kind of thing happened when the owner and the supervisor or the construction unit visited the site together and gave instructions to the supervisor or the construction unit to carry out the work according to the site conditions. However, afterwards, they were afraid that other leaders would disagree or think that the investment after implementation was too large and they dared not take responsibility. For this kind of thing, generally take the supervision diary of the day, if there are comrades from the construction unit to participate, they should make records together and sign for the record. The supervisor thinks that major issues must be submitted to the owner according to the contract. Requests for instructions must be reported in writing and signed by the owner. Its purpose is to make car owners pay attention to it, and more importantly, it can be used as a reference in the future. Dealing with the relationship between the supervisor and the owner and solving the contradiction between the supervisor and the owner is an important content that cannot be ignored in the supervision work.

For more information about project/service/procurement bidding, and to improve the winning rate, please click on the bottom of official website Customer Service for free consultation:/#/? source=bdzd