How to clean a cowhide hat without damaging the leather

Maintenance of leather products

Under normal use, it is recommended to treat leather products with a leather protective agent every six months. During treatment, apply a small amount of protective agent on the leather and wait until After it dries, wipe it off with a soft cloth.

Leather clothing cleaning is divided into machine washing and hand washing according to different washing methods; according to the different washing properties, it is divided into dry cleaning and wet cleaning. Machine washing is mainly done through a leather dry cleaning machine, while hand washing requires the use of washing tools and washing techniques. Machine washing usually uses tetrachlorethylene solvent (there are also petroleum and fluorine solvents) and low-temperature immersion. Since machine washing is restricted by many laundry equipment conditions, most small and medium-sized laundries in my country currently use manual cleaning. The following is a brief introduction to some practical manual cleaning methods for reference only.

Main washing tools: short-bristled brush, brown-bristled brush, sponge, plastic cleaning ball, towel, cotton ball, wash basin, desk washing, air spray gun, portrait inflatable mold, etc.

Main washing materials: gasoline, methanol (alcohol), tetrachlorethylene, hydroxide (ammonia), dish soap, liquid soap, hydrogen peroxide (hydrogen peroxide), sodium chloride (salt), Alum, sodium sulfate (note nitrate), acetic acid, etc.

1. Smooth leather cleaning

1. Small area oil pollution treatment

Washing solvent: >90# gasoline or tetrachlorethylene.

Washing method: Lay the leather garment flat on the washing table, use a sponge or cotton ball dipped in an appropriate amount of solvent to scrub the oily parts of the leather garment. After the oily stain is removed, use a towel dipped in hot water of 40-50 degrees Celsius to scrub. The area should be slightly moisturized and placed in a ventilated and cool place to dry.

2． Large area oil pollution treatment

Washing solution:

A liquid: 95% alcohol, 25% ammonia water, ratio 1:1

B liquid: 25% ammonia water, Softener, water, ratio 1:1:1

Washing method: Lay the leather clothes flat on the washing table, use a short-bristled brush dipped in liquid A to pre-wash by scrubbing, and wipe with a towel while scrubbing Wipe and absorb dirt and dirty liquid. After the oil stains are removed, dip it in solution B and clean it a second time (the method is the same as above). Clean the surface with a towel and place it in a ventilated and cool place to dry.

3. Leather surface color aging treatment

Washing solution:

A solution: detergent, water, ratio 1:400, concentration 0.25%-0.3%, water temperature 35-40℃

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Liquid B: brightener, slippery agent, water, ratio 1:1:4

Washing method: Lay the leather clothes flat on the washing table, use a brown brush dipped in liquid A to scrub gently , wipe it clean with a towel while scrubbing. After the oil stain is removed, use a sponge soaked in Liquid B to soften the leather surface by scrubbing. Leave it for 15 minutes, clean the surface with a towel, and place it in a ventilated and cool place to dry. 4. Leather surface denitrification hardening treatment

Washing solution:

Liquid A: nitrate, salt, water, ratio 1:1:2 (dissolve and mix); common dosage: nitrate 250g, 250g salt, 55g soft water.

Liquid B: fatliquor (water-based) slip agent, softener, water, ratio 1:2:2:10, water temperature 40-45 degrees Celsius.

Liquid C: formaldehyde, water, ratio 1:8 or 1:10.

Washing method: Lay the leather garment flat on the washing table, use a brown brush dipped in liquid A to scrub the leather surface repeatedly to allow it to fully penetrate into the leather, let it sit for 30 minutes, use a plastic cleaning ball dipped in liquid B and repeat evenly Scrub the leather surface, let it sit for 15 minutes, clean it with a towel, put the leather jacket on the portrait inflatable mold, use a spray gun to evenly atomize Liquid C onto the leather surface, and place it in a ventilated and cool place to dry.

2. Suede leather cleaning

Suede leather is generally made of deerskin, deerskin, cowhide, horsehide, pigskin, goatskin and other materials. Suede leather has poor water resistance. It is easy to deform, wrinkle or shrink after washing, and it is easy to produce stains or stains, so it is cleaned with solvents.

Washing solvent: >90# gasoline or tetrachlorethylene, commonly used amount: 250ml-500ml.

Washing method: Lay the leather garment flat on the washing table, use a short-bristled brush dipped in solvent and gently scrub in the direction of the fluff. Especially dirty areas that are prone to shine need to be scrubbed repeatedly, and use a towel to absorb dirt and stolen liquid. , after pre-washing, use a sponge soaked in solvent for secondary cleaning, use a towel to clean the surface, and place it in a ventilated and cool place to dry.

3. Aniline Leather Cleaning

Aniline leather has strong water absorption and is particularly sensitive to water. It will turn black when exposed to water, and will discolor, stain or become hard after drying. Do not wet clean, usually Use solvent dry cleaning. Similar ones include double-sided soft leather and foamed leather. Washing solvent: >90# gasoline or tetrachlorethylene.

Washing method: Lay the leather garment flat on the washing table, use a short-bristled brush dipped in solvent and scrub gently. Especially dirty areas that are prone to shine need to be scrubbed repeatedly, supplemented by moderate rubbing. Use after the oil stains have been removed. Clean the surface with a towel and place it in a ventilated and cool place to dry.

4. Cleaning nubuck leather

Nubuck leather is usually called suede, and similarly there is oil nubuck leather. Nubuck leather has high requirements for washing. Improper dry cleaning is prone to discoloration, degreasing, and hardening. Improper wet cleaning is prone to deformation, wrinkles, and stains. Here are two safer cleaning methods.

1． Dry cleaning of frosted leather

Washing solvent: tetrachlorethylene, fatliquor (oily), ratio 40:1, common dosage: tetrachlorethylene 6-8, fatliquor 0.15-0.2KG.

Washing method: Lay the leather clothes flat on the washing table, use a brown-bristle brush dipped in solvent to pre-wash by brushing, let it fully penetrate into the leather, use a sponge to soak the solvent for a second cleaning, and use it while scrubbing Clean the surface with a towel and place it in a ventilated and cool place to dry.

2． Wet cleaning of nubuck leather

Washing solvent: detergent, fatliquor (water-based), alcohol, water, ratio 1:1:1:10, common amount: 150 grams of dishwashing liquid, fatliquor 150g, alcohol 150g, soft water 1500g.

Washing method: Lay the leather clothes flat on the washing table, use a brown-bristled brush dipped in the solution to pre-wash by scrubbing, especially the dirty parts, repeatedly scrub, use a towel to absorb dirt and dirty liquid while scrubbing, and use Soak the plastic cleaning ball in clean water for a second cleaning. Use a towel to absorb the water and clean the surface. Place it in a ventilated and cool place to dry.

5. Cleaning of Embossed Leather

The pattern or natural style formed on the surface of embossed leather is made by film-forming embossing process. The leather surface is smooth and the color is different. 1. It has a certain three-dimensional beauty. In order to effectively protect the leather surface from damage, you should pay attention to the skills when wet cleaning.

Washing solution:

Liquid A: detergent, Pingpingjia, water, ratio 1:1:500, concentration 0.2%

Liquid B: smooth Refresher, water, ratio 1:8 or 1:10

Washing method: Lay the leather clothes flat on the washing table, use a short-bristled brush dipped in liquid A to scrub gently, and the scrubbing direction is from left to right or from left to right. From top to bottom (do not scrub back and forth), with moderate and even force. While scrubbing, use a towel to absorb dirt and dirty liquid. After the oil stain is removed, use a cotton ball dipped in Solution B to scrub the leather surface evenly, let it sit for 15 minutes, and then clean the surface with a towel. Place in a ventilated and cool place to dry.

Leather clothing cleaning (2)

6. Grain leather cleaning

1? Grain leather dry cleaning

Washing solvent:

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Liquid A: >90# gasoline, alcohol ratio 5:1

Liquid B: softener, water ratio 1:1

Washing method: Lay the leather garment flat On the washing table, use a plastic cleaning ball dipped in liquid A to scrub the dirt on the leather surface. After the oil stains are removed, clean the surface with a towel, put the leather jacket on the portrait inflatable mold, and use a spray gun to evenly atomize liquid B onto the grain surface to soften it. Handle and place in a ventilated and cool place to dry. ?

2. Wet cleaning of grained leather

Washing solution: 25% ammonia, liquid soap, water ratio 25:1:25

Washing method: Lay the leather clothes flat on the washing table, use a short-bristled brush dipped in the solution to scrub the dirt on the leather surface, and use a towel to absorb the dirt and dirty liquid while scrubbing. After pre-washing, wash it twice with clean water. The towel absorbs the water and cleanses the surface. Place in a ventilated and cool place to dry.

7. Fur cleaning

Fur is a whole body of fur. According to its economic value, it is divided into four categories: small capillary fur, large capillary fur, coarse capillary fur and miscellaneous capillary fur. The first two categories are precious furs, such as weasel, sable, otter, sable, civet, chinchilla, bamboo rat, chipmunk/fox, raccoon dog, lynx, muskrat, mink, etc. The latter two categories belong to ordinary furs, such as sheep, goats, wolves, dogs, tigers/civet cats, rabbits, etc. Because fur is troublesome to wash, the washing cycle is usually very long.

1? High-end fur cleaning (mink fur)

Detergent powder: magnesium oxide powder, talcum powder ratio 1:1

Washing method: Flatten the leather garment Spread it on the washing table, use a sponge dipped in powder to rub the quilt evenly, and rub it repeatedly on especially dirty parts. Leave it for 24 hours, use a brush to clean the quilt powder, then put the leather jacket on the portrait inflatable mold, and use air Use a spray gun to blow away the powder, and use a fine-toothed comb to clear and tidy the hair in the same direction.

2? Ordinary fur cleaning (sheepskin type)

Washing solvent: 95% alcohol Commonly used amount: alcohol 200-250ml

Detergent powder: Commonly used amount of talc powder : Talc powder 500-1000 grams

Washing method: Put the leather jacket on the portrait inflatable mold, use an air spray gun to evenly atomize the alcohol solvent onto the quilt, and use a sponge dipped in powder to repeatedly rub the quilt , supplemented by gentle rubbing and fine kneading, use a brush to clean the powder on the coat, then use an air spray gun to blow away the powder, and use a sparse-tooth comb to clear the coat in the same direction.

3? White plush yellowing treatment

Washing solution: hydrogen peroxide, water ratio 1:10

Washing method: put the leather jacket on the portrait inflatable model , use an air spray gun to evenly atomize the solution onto the quilt, and fully moisten it for 5 minutes. Use a short-bristle brush dipped in the solution to gently scrub from top to bottom. Finally, use a clean water spray gun to rinse the quilt clean, and place it in a ventilated and cool place to dry. The coat should be dredged and tidied in the same direction.

4. Treatment of light-colored plush graying:

Washing solution: >90# gasoline, 25% ammonia, ratio 1:1

Washing solution: Put the leather jacket on the portrait inflatable mold, use an air spray gun to evenly atomize the solution onto the fur quilt, fully wet it for 5 minutes, use a short-bristle brush dipped in the solution to gently scrub from top to bottom, and finally use a clean water spray gun to rinse the fur quilt. Place it in a ventilated and cool place to dry, and dredge and tidy the quilt in the right direction.

5? Light-colored plush gloss dull treatment

Washing solution: acetic acid (white) or glacial acetic acid, water, ratio 1:1 or 1:2

< p>Washing method: Put the leather jacket on the portrait inflatable mold, use an air spray gun to evenly atomize the solution onto the fur quilt, spray it once every 5 minutes, repeat 3-5 times, until the fur quilt is fully moistened and becomes water mist Better, let it sit for 15 minutes, then use a dry sponge to wipe it clean from top to bottom in the direction of the hair, and place it in a ventilated and cool place to dry.

6? Fur aging treatment

Washing solution: alum, salt, softener, water, ratio 2:1:1:300, water temperature 40-50℃, common dosage: alum 100 grams, 50 grams of salt, 50 grams of softener, and 1500 grams of soft water.

Washing method: Soak the leather garment in the solution for 15-20 minutes, allowing it to fully penetrate into the leather, and rub it together with moderate intensity. The leather board can be scrubbed repeatedly with a brown-bristle brush, rinsed with clean water, and ventilated. Let dry in the shade.

7. Fur mild hardening treatment washing solution: vinegar essence (white), salt, water, ratio 1:1:15 (mixed solution) water temperature 35-40℃, commonly used amount: vinegar essence 100 grams, 100 grams of table salt, 1500 grams of soft water.

Washing method: Soak the leather garment in the solution for 30-60 minutes, allowing it to fully penetrate into the leather. Use a brown-bristle brush dipped in the solution to repeatedly scrub the leather board, rub it evenly, and place it in a ventilated and cool place to dry. Lay the leather garment flat on the washing table and use a temperature-adjusting iron to flatten it at 80-85°C.

8? Severe fur hardening treatment

Washing solution: nitrate, indica rice flour, water, ratio 2:1:3 (dissolved and mixed), water temperature 35-40℃

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Commonly used dosage: 1000g of indica rice flour, 500g of indica rice flour, 1500g of soft water.

Washing method: Lay the leather clothing flat on the washing table, first use a spray gun to evenly spray 40-45℃ hot water on the leather board for moistening treatment, and then use a brown brush dipped in the solution to repeatedly brush the leather board. Until the solution completely penetrates into the leather panel, let it sit for 2-3 hours, place it in a ventilated and cool place to dry semi-dry, rub the leather panel repeatedly and evenly, and put it into a drum-type washing machine for softening treatment. Conditions: temperature 42℃, humidity 65%, low speed forward and reverse, time 25 minutes.

8. Artificial Leather Cleaning

Artificial leather imitates the fur or leather of natural animals and is artificially synthesized using chemical raw materials through scientific methods.

Artificial leather is particularly sensitive to soluble solvents and can easily cause shrinkage, hardening, cracking, peeling, and matting, so it can only be cleaned wet.

Washing solution:

Liquid A: detergent, water, ratio 1:300, concentration 0?3%, water temperature 35-40°C.

Liquid B: vinegar essence (white), water, ratio 1:25, concentration 4%.

Washing method: Soak the artificial leather in liquid A for 10 minutes. After it is fully moistened, use a short-bristled brush to scrub the dirt on the leather surface, and use a towel to absorb the dirt and dirty liquid. After the oil stains are removed, use Sponge soaked in Liquid B and apply evenly on the leather surface to improve and increase the gloss, brightness and freshness of the leather surface. Place in a ventilated and cool place to dry.