Brief introduction and detailed information of the shortage of migrant workers

Background In recent years, with the development of domestic economy, the phenomenon of "shortage of migrant workers" has also appeared in other provinces and cities. This is an unreasonable phenomenon in the employment system. It stands to reason that the shortage of migrant workers is a good thing for migrant workers, indicating that the market demand for them has increased, but things are not optimistic. Low wages and some discriminatory behaviors make migrant workers feel chilling. They gradually realized that jobs in cities were unreliable. From the initial rush to rationality, there has been a phenomenon that cities cannot recruit migrant workers, resulting in the so-called "shortage of migrant workers." How to treat and use migrant workers correctly and improve their treatment appropriately is a realistic problem faced by employers, and of course it is also a social problem. After all, they are an important part of wealth creators. More importantly, migrant workers need to have laws to follow when they encounter difficulties, have reasons to apply them, and treat them with integrity in order to attract migrant workers to employment.

The shortage of migrant workers can also explain a phenomenon from another angle-the rapid development of economic construction, which shows that the current economy is running well.

Since the late 1980s, the "migrant workers' tide" has become a special term to describe the rural labor migration in China. The word "shortage of migrant workers" once faded out of people's sight because of the outbreak of the world financial crisis. With the gradual recovery of China's economy, reports on the phenomenon of "shortage of migrant workers" began to occupy the pages of major media.

Since August 2009, according to many media reports, in the Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta of China, many small and medium-sized enterprises have greatly increased their orders, but they can't recruit workers. Information from Pearl River Delta cities such as Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Dongguan and Foshan. , which shows that the region accepts nearly 1: 1. 14 to 1: 1.5 1, that is, in Wenzhou, in August 2009, the employment gap in employment centers in this region accounted for more than 73%.

First of all, by carefully analyzing the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in coastal areas, it is not difficult to find that the new round of "shortage of migrant workers" is not a simple continuation of the early "shortage of migrant workers", but more manifested in the rebound of employment after the 2008 financial crisis caused many enterprises to cut production and stop production. Most of these enterprises are busy with "short orders" and "small orders", which are seasonal. How long can this situation last? In case the follow-up orders can't keep up, these migrant workers will be laid off again, which will be a great blow to their energy and feelings.

Secondly, in the media survey, it is found that although there is a shortage of migrant workers in some places, there are still many migrant workers who cannot find jobs. The fundamental reason is that the treatment is too low. In Wenzhou, the average monthly salary of a migrant worker is expected to be 1.500 yuan, but in fact, enterprises can only offer 1.000- 1.200 yuan, mainly because the financial crisis in 2008 led to the decline in corporate profits, which made many enterprises keep their wages very low. Although orders are accepted now, many orders are just "small profits" taken by enterprises to stabilize customers, and some even have zero profits, so even if there is a shortage of people, it will not help improve the treatment of migrant workers.

Thirdly, since a large number of migrant workers returned to their hometowns at the end of 2008, many favorable measures have been taken to stabilize the employment of migrant workers, such as helping them start businesses and training them. These measures not only help to alleviate the employment problem of migrant workers under the financial crisis, but also help to improve the market competitiveness of migrant workers, promote local economic development, and reserve practical and technical talents for China's economic transformation and development for a long time.

At the beginning of 2009, affected by the global financial crisis, the economic development in the eastern coastal areas slowed down, and a large number of migrant workers returned home unemployed. 20 10 due to the rapid economic recovery, there is a serious job shortage in both coastal areas and inland areas. Although this lack of labor ratio is not as high as when the "shortage of migrant workers" was most prevalent, it shows the obvious momentum of rapid recovery of enterprise employment demand. Compared with the previous employment situation, economic recovery is the essential inducement of this round of "shortage of migrant workers".

If we say that in the past 20 years, China has completed its "primitive accumulation" mainly through cheap rural labor, then the "shortage of migrant workers" warns us that if we want to maintain sustainable competitiveness in the challenge of knowledge economy, we must change the economic development strategy and turn cheap labor into high-value and high-quality talent resources, so as to achieve sustainable development.

The truly large-scale tide of migrant workers returning home originated from the beginning of 20 10, represented by the serious shortage of migrant workers in Zhejiang and Guangdong. There are three reasons for this. First, the coastal areas were hit hard by the financial crisis in 2008, and the phenomenon of enterprise closure and wage arrears was serious, while mainland enterprises were mostly inward-looking enterprises, which were relatively less affected by the international financial crisis. Secondly, the crime rate in coastal areas and the public security situation in areas where migrant workers are concentrated are poor, which is lower than the average standard of many megacities in the mainland. Most workers employed by small and medium-sized business owners are not protected by social welfare, and the industrial accident rate remains high. However, with the development of inland megacities, the social security system began to improve, and workers began to pay attention to this kind of welfare treatment. Third, because many megacities in the mainland have developed rapidly, such as Chengdu, Chongqing, Wuhan and other core megacities in the southern mainland, urban construction, the number of megaenterprises, welfare benefits and living standards are almost the same as those in coastal megacities. More importantly, the wages of the bottom operators are at the same level as those of coastal cities. In addition, coastal processing enterprises and Taiwan-funded and foreign-funded labor-intensive enterprises have gradually moved inward, creating more employment opportunities. Many migrant workers choose to work in these megacities in the mainland. Many migrant workers who have not been to these mainland megacities for many years, after being dismissed in 2008, gradually realized that these megacities, which are not far from their hometowns, are not lost to coastal cities in many aspects.

20 10 At the beginning of April, a large-scale advertisement of Sichuan enterprises recruiting skilled workers in Zhejiang and even recruiting local workers to Chengdu in economically backward places such as Lishui and Quzhou in Zhejiang was published in a newspaper in Hangzhou, which aroused the excitement of Zhejiang business circles. Our commentator believes that this is an inevitable trend of domestic economic development, and the departure of a large number of mainland migrant workers is also an important force to accelerate the industrial upgrading of coastal enterprises.

If enterprises want to occupy a place in the industry competition, it is an important step to retain migrant workers. Therefore, enterprises need to solve their practical problems from the perspective of humanistic care and respect, protect the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers, and give them a sense of accomplishment and respect. Only by forming a harmonious atmosphere within the enterprise can we enhance the centripetal force and cohesion of migrant workers to the enterprise and improve their stability and enthusiasm in the enterprise.

Controversy In 2007, there was a controversy about the so-called shortage of migrant workers. China Institute of Social Sciences and National Affairs

In the research report released by the Development Research Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the "shortage of migrant workers" is explained from the perspective of absolute shortage. It is believed that nearly 75% of rural areas have no young and middle-aged laborers to transfer, and "China will enter the era of labor shortage". Moreover, "the labor shortage in China is all-round, not only skilled workers are scarce, but also workers without technical content have become scarce resources, and they are geographically spread all over the country". However, on June 19, 2009, Liu Fuhe, director of the Policy and Regulation Department of the National Poverty Alleviation Office, said: "The so-called' shortage of migrant workers' is a false proposition in itself."

Countermeasures in this case, the labor export place should insist on walking on two legs. On the one hand, the measures taken since 2008 to solve the employment problem of migrant workers must continue to be adhered to, especially some measures that have a long-term effect on China's economic development, and must not be abandoned halfway; On the other hand, it is necessary to increase information services for migrant workers who are ready to go out to work, strengthen communication and cooperation with labor input places, and timely release employment information of migrant workers to avoid blind flow of migrant workers.

On the one hand, it is necessary to release information in a timely manner, further establish and improve the security system for migrant workers, improve their living and working environment, improve their wages and salaries, and attract some migrant workers to return to work in coastal areas; At the same time, it is necessary to further increase support for small and medium-sized enterprises from the aspects of credit and taxation, and improve their survival and development capabilities. With the development of enterprises, the wages and benefits of migrant workers and the sustainability of "rice bowls" can be guaranteed.

In addition, other related systems should be reformed and improved, such as: establishing an education and training system for migrant workers; Establish a multi-level social security system for migrant workers that is more in line with actual needs; Encourage and strengthen the construction of trade union mechanism in the enterprises where migrant workers work; Further improve and strengthen the labor law enforcement supervision and labor arbitration system; Formulate corporate social responsibility standards in China; Improve and perfect the supervision mechanism of public opinion; Establish employment information service mechanism for migrant workers, etc.

Thinking about the shortage of migrant workers has sounded the alarm for some employers. Employers should think more about how to raise the wages of migrant workers, improve poor working conditions and provide technical training for migrant workers. Although the shortage of migrant workers will have a certain impact on economic development for a period of time.

But in the long run, this is not a bad thing. Reflect the employment unit

I should also reflect on why I can't find a job, the wages and social security of migrant workers, and she should consider being kind to migrant workers. On the other hand, he should think of training migrant workers and improving their quality. In this respect, he can improve his integrity level to attract migrant workers, and also improve the management level of enterprises. Not being kind to migrant workers and not paying wages will reduce this phenomenon through reflection. The future will be more standardized and the management of the enterprise itself will be more modern.

Evaluating the re-emergence of the phenomenon of "shortage of migrant workers" is regarded by public opinion as the effect brought by the overall economic recovery in China, and it has also become good news for the market. Many coastal enterprises that are short of jobs have come to the mainland to recruit people, and some labor leasing companies have also been busy, hanging the banner of recruiting people in the labor market all over the country. According to media reports, some domestic labor exporting places have begun to consider organizing local laborers to go out to work, in order to alleviate the employment pressure brought by the tide of migrant workers returning home last year.

Judging from the current situation, there are still great uncertainties in the employment of migrant workers in coastal areas, so it is obviously insufficient to judge the overall economic recovery in China. No matter where the labor force is exported or imported, we should look at this round of "shortage of migrant workers" calmly under the new situation. The shortage of migrant workers is not necessarily a bad thing. In a positive sense, the shortage of labor in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and even traditional human resources first means that the labor force has changed from "unlimited supply" to scarce resources. Undoubtedly, the increase of rural income and the economic development of inland provinces provide more choices for migrant workers except coastal provinces; With the aging of migrant workers in the 1960s and 1970s, black and pink appeared in the 1980s and 1990s. Compared with their parents, the new generation of migrant workers attach great importance to personal freedom and subvert the traditional values of migrant workers such as "hard work", which makes many traditional manufacturing enterprises begin to change to a more humanized human resource management model. There are indications that the bargaining power of migrant workers is gradually improving under the situation of the reversal of labor supply and demand. On the other hand, the shortage of migrant workers in the Pearl River Delta has existed since the Spring Festival every year, but it is particularly serious this year, which has a lot to do with the management system of employment enterprises. From 2009 to 20 10 alone, three people died in Foxconn, a famous OEM factory, which attracted the attention of the society and the media and formed a huge response.

In addition, the survey shows that the shortage of migrant workers is not as serious as expected, and listed companies are still in a "safe zone". Whether it is home appliances, service industry or manufacturing industry, listed companies believe that the "shortage of migrant workers" has not harmed themselves.

It is worth mentioning that compared with the tide of migrant workers, the shortage of migrant workers not only indicates the improvement of the level of economic development, but also indicates the improvement of the awareness and rights of a new generation of migrant workers, which is a real progress.