Compilation and training of high school ancient cultural knowledge

1. Common sense about ancient culture in high school pdf

Common sense about ancient culture in high school pdf 1. What should I do if I accidentally traveled through time in "Common sense about ancient culture that is a must for the college entrance examination"

Summary of cultural common sense often used in college entrance examination Chinese test papers:

1. "Four Books": "The Great Learning", "The Doctrine of the Mean", "The Analects of Confucius", and "Mencius"

2. "Five Classics": "Historical Records", "Shangshu", "Book of Rites", "Book of Changes", "Spring and Autumn"

3. "Four Histories": "Historical Records", "Hanshu", "Later Han Dynasty" "Book", "Three Kingdoms"

4. "Four Stores": Jing, Shi, Zi, Ji

5. The Six Meanings of "The Book of Songs": Feng, Ya, Song, Fu, Bi, Xing

6. Six Arts: also known as the Six Classics, namely ritual, music, shooting, imperialism, calligraphy, and mathematics

7. "Three Dynasties": Xia Dynasty, Shang Dynasty, Zhou Dynasty

8. "Three Emperors": One of the legends is "Fuxi, Nuwa, and Shennong"

9. "Five Emperors": According to "Historical Records", they are: Huangdi, Zhuanxu, Emperor Ku, Tang Yao, Yu Shun

10. "Three Mountains": It is said that the mountains where gods live: Penglai, Fangzhang, and Yingzhou.

11. The "Five Mountains" are Mount Tai in the east, Mount Huashan in the west, Mount Heng in the south, Mount Heng in the north, and Mount Song in the middle.

12. "Jiuzhou": the legendary ancient administrative division of my country, which later became another name for China.

13. Chixian: The ancients called China "Chixian China".

14. Hainei: According to ancient legend, my country’s territory is surrounded by the sea, so the territory within the country is called Hainei.

15. Sihai: refers to the world and the whole country.

16. "Liuhe" and "Bahuang": both refer to the world in general.

17. Rivers: In ancient articles, they specifically refer to "Yangtze River and Yellow River".

18. Three Kingdoms: refers to the split into Wei, Shu and Wu after the Eastern Han Dynasty.

19. Sanqin: refers to the Guanzhong area west of Tongguan.

20. Yin and Yang of mountains and rivers: In ancient times, the south of mountains and the north of water were regarded as yang, and the north of mountains and south of water were regarded as yang.

21. Ancient nickname: Nanjing (Jiankang, Jinling, Jiangning, Baixia)

22. Five elements: refers to gold, wood, water, fire and earth

< p> 23. Grains: the collective name for food crops in ancient times. (i.e. millet, millet, wheat, bean, and rice)

24. Five flavors: refers to sour, salty, sweet, bitter, spicy

25. Six kinds of livestock: six kinds of domestic animals: horse, Cow, sheep, pig, dog, chicken

26. The four treasures of the study: pen, ink, paper, and inkstone

27. The four friends of the scholar: piano, chess, calligraphy, and painting

28. The Four Gentlemen of Flowers: Plum, Orchid, Bamboo, and Chrysanthemum

29. The Three Friends of Suihan: Pine, Bamboo, and Plum

30. Six Books: Pictograms and Understandings , refers to things, forms things, transfers notes, and borrows them under the guise

31. "Three Yuans" in a row: Anyone who gets the first place in the provincial examination, joint examination, and palace examination consecutively will win in a row

32. Jieyuan, Huiyuan, Zhuangyuan.

33. Pentatone: five tone levels. It is also called "pentatonic", which refers to Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng (zhi) and Yu in our ancient pentatonic scale.

34. Four major folk stories: "Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai", "The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl", "The Legend of the White Snake",

35. "Meng Jiangnu"

36. Sanlao: rural officials in charge of education in ancient times.

37. Passing: refers to being selected in the imperial examination. Failure to pass in the examination is called failing or lowering the rank.

38. Tongsheng Examination: Also called "Tongsheng Examination". It includes three stages: county examination, government examination and college examination. Only those who pass the college examination and obtain the qualification of student member (scholar) can enter the prefecture, state, or county to study, so it is also called the entrance examination. Those who take the examination, regardless of their size, are called Tongsheng.

39. Imperial examination: The formal imperial examination is divided into three levels: rural examination, general examination and palace examination.

40. Provincial examination: (called Qiuwei or Dabi) is held every three years in the province. Only scholars are eligible to participate in the examination and be awarded the title of Juren. The first name is Jie Yuan.

41. The examination: held in the Ministry of Rites in the capital in the spring of the second year after the provincial examination (called Chunwei or Liwei). Participants must be Juren, and those who pass the examination will be called Gongshi. The first name is Hui Yuan.

42. Palace examination: presided over by the emperor, tribute scholars are eligible to participate, and those who pass the examination will be called Jinshi.

The first place is the top pick, the second place is the second place, and the third place is the top pick. Collectively known as the Sanjia Ding.

43. In the 30th year of Guangxu (1905), due to the implementation of school education in various places, the imperial examination system was abolished.

44. "Erya": my country's earliest monograph on word interpretation and the world's first systematic dictionary.

45. "Fengya" refers to the national style in "The Book of Songs" and "Li Sao" in "Chu Ci". It is often used to refer to literary talent.

46. "The Book of Songs": It is the earliest poem in my country: a total collection of ***305 chapters, divided according to the nature of music

47. "Feng, Ya, and Song" Major categories

48. Pause: a kind of worship in ancient times, one of the "nine worships". Commonly known as kowtow.

49. Jishou: an ancient worship service. It is one of the "Nine Bows" and a great ceremony.

50. Kneeling: In ancient times, you kneeled on the ground, with your back straight and your buttocks not touching your heels.

2. How to accumulate ancient cultural common sense in high school Chinese

The general direction corresponding to cultural common sense is the accumulation and mastery of traditional culture. The 2017 version of the new curriculum standards also mentions "traditional culture" and "cultural common sense" many times, requiring "understanding relevant ancient Chinese cultural common sense, enriching the accumulation of traditional culture, absorbing the nutrition of thoughts, emotions and art, and cultivating healthy and noble aesthetic tastes" , enrich and deepen the understanding of history, society and life. "

Corresponding to the exam, it is mainly a 3-point multiple choice question on classical Chinese reading. The memorization of cultural knowledge should be done at ordinary times. It is not recommended to memorize a list of cultural knowledge. Of course, this is also a way. What I personally advocate in teaching is to accumulate reading exercises in classical Chinese. There are 4 questions for each question. When you encounter them, they are included in the scope that should be mastered. At the same time, each cultural knowledge can radiate other knowledge points. In this regard, Wang Li is highly recommended. One of his books - "Common Sense of Ancient Culture", I can read it in my spare time. It is authoritative, accurate and covers a wide range of contents. I can accumulate a lot. It is also interesting to understand the origin of some traditional culture.

3. How to study the general knowledge of ancient culture paper

This semester I chose general knowledge of ancient Chinese culture. I originally chose him because I was curious about what he would learn, but he took a few sections. After class, I was deeply fascinated by his charm. Through this class, I feel more and more that Chinese culture is profound, profound and impressive. For five thousand years, Chinese culture has been extensive and profound. With the development of history, Chinese culture has accumulated its own unique style. And they all have their own characteristics and have become the pride of the Chinese nation! I will choose a few points to briefly talk about my understanding. Text: Text is a tool used to record language and express feelings. The creation of Chinese characters has a history of at least five thousand years. The legendary god of writing is Cangjie. "Huainanzi Benjing Xun" records, "In the past, Cangjie wrote books while the sky rained with chestnuts and the ghosts cried at night." So far, the earliest writing that has been circulated in the world is the oracle bone inscriptions unearthed from the Yin Ruins. After that, the order is roughly bronze inscriptions, large seal script, small seal script, official script, cursive script, regular script and running script.

(1) Bronze inscriptions are inscriptions that live on bronze vessels. During the Xia Dynasty, my country entered the Bronze Age, and the unearthed bronze vessels were inscribed with characters called "Bronze Inscriptions." Since this type of writing had the largest number of characters on bells and tripods, it was also called "Zhongding Inscriptions."

(2) Seal script, experts believe it is a character written by the Qin State in the late Warring States Period and is the official standard character. At the end of the Warring States Period, after Qin Shihuang unified China, he abolished the scripts of the Six Kingdoms and formed a new script "Xiaozhuan".

(3) Official script, because the small seal script is neat and rectangular, the structure is uniform and smooth, and the various components are inconvenient to write. Its characteristic is that the lines are obtained by smooth transitions and written into glyphs with square folds.

(4) Cursive script is a specific type of writing that originated from folk official script. Cursive script not only connects the strokes and characters, but also has a highly simplified form. Later, a variant of cursive script appeared, called "crazy".

4. Books on all aspects of Chinese knowledge

High School Chinese Basic Knowledge Manual Table of Contents Book Information Content Introduction Table of Contents Edit this section Book Information High School Chinese Basic Knowledge Manual Author: Xue Jinxing Editor-in-Chief Publisher: Beijing Education Press Publication date: 2010-4-1 Number of words: 720000 Format: Large 32 format I S B N: 9787530329498 Price: ￥29.80 Edit this paragraph Introduction "High School Chinese Basic Knowledge Handbook" was published in 1993 and has been a best-seller ever since. It has become an essential reference book for high school students across the country to study and teachers to prepare lessons, and has become a well-known brand among teaching aids. In order to live up to the high expectations of readers for the "High School Chinese Basic Knowledge Handbook", we once again specially invited all provinces and cities across the country to Some first-line special and senior expert teachers have completely revised it. During the editing process, experts comprehensively and in-depth studied the "General High School Chinese Curriculum Standards", various versions of compulsory and elective textbooks and old syllabus textbooks as well as " "High School Chinese Language Examination Outline" absorbs the knowledge essence of relevant authoritative works and newspapers and magazines, and strives to make this book a more authoritative, practical and comprehensive reference book. The whole book is divided into four parts according to the scope of the Chinese Language College Entrance Examination. A large section that systematically introduces relevant knowledge and learning methods. Language knowledge and language expression are divided into basic knowledge such as "character pronunciation", "Chinese characters", "punctuation marks", "words", "sentences", "figures of speech" and "expanded sentences" according to the new curriculum standards. Language application ability sections such as "Compressed paragraphs", "Selecting, imitating and changing sentence patterns", "Concise, coherent and appropriate language", "Innovative question types in language expression". Literary knowledge and famous sentences include "Writers' Works" and "Literary Genres" There are four parts: "Famous Sentences from Poetry" and "Common Knowledge of Ancient Culture". The classical Chinese part of reading ancient poetry includes "characters", "classical Chinese words", "classical function words", "classical sentence patterns" and other basic knowledge of ancient Chinese, as well as "classical Chinese sentence segmentation and translation" "Understanding the meaning of classical Chinese texts" and other classical Chinese ability parts. "Appreciation of ancient poetry" focuses on the appreciation methods, aiming to help students break through this difficult point in the college entrance examination. Modern literature reading includes "basic knowledge of reading", "analysis of modern literature reading test points" and "literary texts". "Reading" and "Practical Text Reading" correspond to the new curriculum standard examination syllabus to cultivate students' reading, appreciation, and inquiry abilities in an orderly manner. Edit this section of the table of contents, Part I of the Language Knowledge and Language Expression Chinese Subject "Examination Outline" for "Language Requirements for the "Knowledge and Language Expression" part. Part 1: Character Pronunciation 1. General knowledge of modern Chinese (1) Language (2) Modern Chinese (3) Three elements of modern Chinese (4) Mandarin (5) Dialect overview (6) Phonetics (6) 7) Syllables (8) Phonemes (9) Vowels (10) Consonants 2. Chinese Pinyin Scheme (1) The composition and function of the "Hanyu Pinyin Scheme" (2) The contents of the "Hanyu Pinyin Scheme" (3) Relevant knowledge 1. Initial consonants 2. Final consonants 3. Zero initial consonants 4. Beginning of rhyme, abdomen of rhyme, end of rhyme 5. The difference between finals and rhymes 6. Marking of tone symbols 7. Sound insulation symbols 8. Fanqie 3. Spelling knowledge (1) Capitalization (2) Literal writing Harmony writing 4. Knowledge of reading aloud (1) Pause (2) Stress (3) Sentence (4) Sound changes 5. Issues that should be paid attention to in pronunciation of Chinese characters 6. Methods of analyzing the pronunciation of polyphonic characters Appendix 1 Analysis of polyphonic characters Appendix 2 Easy to read Collection of Wrong Characters Appendix 3 Commonly Mispronounced Characters in Idioms Appendix 4 Commonly Mispronounced Characters in Surnames, Place Names, and Mountain and River Names Part 2 Chinese Characters 1. Characteristics and Evolution of Chinese Characters 2. How to Create Chinese Characters (Six Books) 3. Names of Chinese character strokes 4. Rules of Chinese character strokes 5. Structure of Chinese characters 6. Relevant knowledge of Chinese characters (1) Radicals and radicals (2) Single characters and combined characters (3) Traditional characters and simplified characters (4) Homophones and polyphonic characters (5) polysemous characters and similar-looking characters 7. Correcting typos 8. Dictionaries (reference books) (1) Introduction to commonly used reference books 1. "Erya" 2. "Shuowen Jiezi" 3. "Dialect" 4 "Explanation of Names" 5. "Guangyun" 6. "Kangxi Dictionary" 7. "Chinese Dictionary" 8. "Cymology" 9. "Cihai" 10. "Xinhua Dictionary" (2) Character search method 1. Radicals Character detection method 2. Phonetic sequence detection method 3. Stroke detection method 4. Four-corner number detection method (3) The meanings of several symbols in the dictionary Appendix 1 A collection of characters that middle school students easily write wrong Appendix 2 A collection of common aliases Appendix 3 Analysis of easily mixed words Appendix 4 Common words and their formations

Appendix 5 of the Collection of Mixed Words in Yuyi: The 100 Most Common Individual Characters in Contemporary Chinese Publications Appendix 6: List of Common Alien Words Part 3: Punctuation Marks Part 4: Words Part 5: Sentences Part 6: Extended Sentences and Compressed Paragraphs 7 Part 8: Selection, imitation, and transformation of sentence patterns. Part 8: Figures of Speech. Part 9: Concise, coherent, and appropriate language. Part 10: Innovative question types in language expression. Part 2: Literary General Knowledge and Famous Sentences. Requirements for the "Famous Sentences and Famous Articles" part: Part 1: Works of Writers, Part 2: Literary Genres, Part 3: Famous Sentences of Poetry and Prose, Part 4: Common Knowledge of Ancient Culture, Part 3: Reading of Ancient Poetry and Prose, and the "Examination Outline" of the Chinese language subject "Reading of Ancient Poetry and Prose". Requirements Part 1 Text Part 2 Classical Content Words Part 3 Classical Function Words Part 4 Classical Sentence Patterns Part 5 Classical Chinese Sentences and Translation Part 6 Classical Chinese Meaning Understanding Part 7 Appreciation of Ancient Poetry Part 4 Modern Chinese Reading Chinese Language Subject "Examination Syllabus" requirements for the "Modern Literature Reading" section. Part 1. Basic knowledge of reading. Part 2. Analysis of test points for modern literature reading. Part 3. Reading of literary texts. Part 4. Introduction to the reading content of practical texts. "High School Chinese Language Basic Knowledge Handbook" since 1993 It was first published in 2001 and has been a best-seller ever since. It has become an essential reference book for high school students and teachers across the country to prepare lessons, and has become a well-known brand among teaching aids. In order to live up to the high expectations of readers for the "High School Chinese Basic Knowledge Handbook", we have Once again, some first-line special and senior expert teachers from all provinces and cities across the country were specially invited to make a new revision. During the editing process, experts comprehensively and in-depth studied the "General High School Chinese Curriculum Standards", various versions of compulsory and elective textbooks Helao syllabus textbooks and "High School Chinese Language Examination Syllabus" absorb the essence of knowledge from relevant authoritative works, newspapers and magazines, and strive to make this book a more authoritative, practical and comprehensive reference book. The whole book is based on the Chinese language college entrance examination syllabus. The scope of the examination is divided into four major sections, which systematically introduces relevant knowledge and learning methods. Language knowledge and language expression are divided into "character pronunciation", "Chinese characters", "punctuation marks" and "words" according to the new curriculum standard examination syllabus.

5. Common knowledge about ancient culture involved in compulsory courses 1 and 2 for the first year of high school

Common sense about ancient culture 1. Age titles 1. Crowned: refers to a man who is twenty years old (also "weak crowned") 2. Thirty years of age: refers to thirty 3. The age of no confusion: refers to the age of forty 4. The year of knowledge: refers to the age of fifty (also "knowing destiny", "half a hundred") 5. The age of sixty: refers to the age of sixty 6. The age of seventy: refers to the age of seven Ten years old 7. Year of the octogenarian: refers to eight or ninety years old. 2. Major festivals in ancient times (01) Yuan Day: the first day of the first lunar month, the year begins.

(02) Human Day: the seventh day of the first lunar month. (03) Shangyuan: On the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, lanterns are put up for a show, also called the "Lantern Festival" (04) Society Day: Around the Spring Equinox, people offer sacrifices and pray for farming.

(05) Cold Food: Before Qingming. Two days, three days of fire ban (Wu Zixu) (06) Qingming: In early April, graves are swept and sacrifices are held. (07) Dragon Boat Festival: the fifth day of May, eating rice dumplings and rowing dragons (Qu Yuan) (08) Qixi Festival: the seventh day of July, women begging for tricks (Cowherd and Weaver Girl) (09) Zhongyuan Festival: the fifteenth day of July, worshiping ghosts and gods, also called the "Ghost Festival" " (10) Mid-Autumn Festival: August 15th, appreciate the moon and feel homesick (11) Double Ninth Festival: September 9th, climb high and plant dogwood to avoid disasters (12) Winter Solstice: also called "solstice", the starting point of solar terms.

(13) Laba Day: the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, drink "Laba porridge" (14) New Year's Eve: the night of the last day of the year, the old and the new welcome (3) Prince's year calendar: used in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period A method of chronology, such as: the sixteenth year of King Zhao Huiwen. 3. Questions about official positions 1. Words (1) Granting an official: except worshiping (2) Promoting: moving (3) Demoting: banishing to the left and moving (4) Exemption Official: Deposed (5) Recruitment: Recruitment (6) Capital official transferred to local official: Migration (7) Minister resigned: Begging for bones 2. Six Ministries: (1) Ministry of Personnel (appointment, removal, promotion, etc.) (2) Ministry of Household Affairs (Land tax household registration, etc.) (3) Ministry of Rites (ceremonies, imperial examinations, schools, etc.) (4) Ministry of Punishment (judiciary, prison cases, etc.) (5) Ministry of War (military army, border defense, etc.) (6) Ministry of Industry (engineering, construction, water conservancy, etc.)*" "Liubu" is the central official position after the Han Dynasty. Each minister is a minister, and his deputy is a minister. About history books (1) Chronological style: related historical events arranged with chronology as clues.

(***Three volumes) The first one is "Spring and Autumn" compiled by Confucius during the Spring and Autumn Period; the one with detailed records is "Zuo Zhuan" written by Zuo Qiu Ming during the Spring and Autumn Period; the largest one is "Zuo Zhuan" written by Sima Guang, a historian of the Northern Song Dynasty. "Zi Zhi Tong Jian".

(2) National style: history narrated separately in vassal states. (*** two volumes) The earliest one is "Guoyu" written by Zuo Qiu Ming in the Spring and Autumn Period; the better one is "Warring States Policy" compiled by Liu Xiang in the early Han Dynasty.

(3) Biographical style: Reflect historical events by describing the activities of characters. The first is "Historical Records" written by Sima Qian during the Western Han Dynasty; the second is "Han Shu" written by Ban Gu during the Eastern Han Dynasty; ... "History of the Qing Dynasty".

(***More than twenty books) (4) General history: Breaking the boundaries of dynasties, narrating history from ancient times to the present. The first is Sima Qian's "Historical Records"; the second is Sima Guang's "Zizhi Tongjian".

(***Two parts) (5) Dynasty history: Describing the history of a certain period or a certain dynasty. The first is Ban Gu's "Book of Han" written during the Eastern Han Dynasty; the second is "Book of the Later Han" written by Fan Ye during the Southern and Northern Dynasties; ... "History of the Qing Dynasty".

(***More than twenty books) Note (1) The above are classified according to different standards. In fact, the same history book can be classified into different styles. For example, "Historical Records" can be said to be a general history in the form of biographies.

(2) The "Twenty-Four Histories" compiled during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty are 24 historical books. The first one is "Historical Records" and the last one is "History of Ming Dynasty". The style is all biographical. . Moreover, except "Historical Records" which is a general history, the other 23 are chronological histories.

*The "first" in the history of Chinese literature (1) "The Book of Songs": my country's first collection of poems. (Author unknown) (2) "Sun Tzu's Art of War": my country's first military work.

(Spring and Autumn Period? Sun Wu) (3) "Guoyu": my country's first national style history book. (Spring and Autumn Period? Zuo Qiuming) (4) "Spring and Autumn Period": my country's first chronological history book.

(Spring and Autumn Period? Confucius) (5) "Zuo Zhuan": my country's first chronological history book with detailed records. (Spring and Autumn Period? Zuo Qiuming) (6) "Historical Records": my country's first biographical general history.

(Western Han Dynasty? Sima Qian) (7) "Han Shu": the first chronological history of our country. (Eastern Han Dynasty? Ban Gu) (8) "Peacock Flying Southeast": my country's first long narrative poem.

(Author unknown) (9) "Li Sao": my country's first long lyric poem. (Warring States Period? Qu Yuan) (10) "Diary of a Madman": the first vernacular novel in modern my country.

(Modern? Lu Xun) (11) Qu Yuan: my country’s first poet. (Warring States Period) (12) Tao Yuanming: The founder of Chinese pastoral poetry.

(Eastern Jin Dynasty) (13) Xie Lingyun: the originator of Chinese landscape poetry. (Southern and Northern Dynasties) (14) Lu You: The poet with the most poems in ancient my country.

(Southern Song Dynasty).